gates: clippy clean again, and the mail repro that never was for commit

`scripts/check.sh` has been failing before it ran a single test, on 62 clippy
findings in code none of the recent rounds touched — 32 in `benilla-world`, 30 in
`benilla-app` — so the in-loop gate could not tell anyone anything. Every one is a
newer clippy noticing older code (`as_chunks` and `is_multiple_of` are both lints
younger than the lines they fire on), and they are fixed, not silenced, except
where the silence is the point:

- **Argued allows, the house idiom.** `clippy::type_complexity` on ten Bevy system
  signatures and two inline caster queries, each with the one-line reason beside
  it, as the other 67 in this workspace have. `clippy::approx_constant` on
  `liquid/waves.rs`'s `TWO_PI`, whose own doc already says why it is spelled
  `6.2831853`: it mirrors a shader line, and `f32::consts::TAU` would stop reading
  against the file it copies.
- **Two runtime assertions became compile-time ones** (`EXT_SEL_EMPTY is index 255`,
  the endless-stream frame count): a claim about constants should fail the build
  that breaks it, not a test run after it.
- **Three real, if harmless, redundancies gone**: `len > MAX_TILT_TAN && len > 0.0`
  (the constant is `tan(4°)`, so the second test never spoke), `u32::from(..) + 1 |
  flags` now parenthesised where `+` binds tighter than `|`, and `palette.get(0)`.
- The rest is mechanical: `chunks_exact(3)` → `as_chunks::<3>()`, `map_or(true, ..)`
  → `is_none_or`, two `Default::default()`-then-assign test fixtures, a doc line
  that began `1.` and so turned its own paragraph into a list item, and
  `local_utc_offset_secs` moved above the test module it had drifted below.

`tests/repro_mail.rs` is deleted. Its first line says "TEMPORARY repro harness —
not for commit"; it reads a loose mirror of FrameXML out of `/tmp/opencode/
vanilla-ui`, which no longer exists, so it has been failing on a missing directory
rather than telling anyone about mail.

What is left of the gate's red is one test: `world_api_wall` counts 174 crossings
of the `benilla-world` boundary against a ceiling of 107 — 90 of them already
filed with a close plan, 84 unsorted. That is not cleanup; the wall's own message
says the remedies are to close the crossing or to publish it as engine API with the
record that says so, and 84 of those is a design pass on what the engine's public
surface is.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_01SgstFWtn1RxEJ5kVrpgYwn

crates/benilla-app/src/character_shadow.rs

@@ -51,6 +51,7 @@ struct CharacterLane {
 }
 
 #[allow(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
+#[allow(clippy::type_complexity)] // one Bevy system's full input set
 fn collect_character_shadows(
     video: Res<VideoConfig>,
     time: Res<Time>,

crates/benilla-app/src/cvars.rs

@@ -3124,8 +3124,8 @@ mod tests {
                 apply_lighting_preset(&mut cvars, name);
                 // Somewhere else on the row's own scale: the flags flip, the numbers move by one.
                 let moved = match v.trim().parse::<f32>() {
-                    Ok(x) if x == 0.0 => "1".to_string(),
+                    Ok(0.0) => "1".to_string(),
-                    Ok(x) if x == 1.0 => "0".to_string(),
+                    Ok(1.0) => "0".to_string(),
                     Ok(x) => (x + 1.0).to_string(),
                     Err(_) => format!("{v}x"),
                 };

crates/benilla-app/src/entities/carried_light.rs

@@ -453,6 +453,7 @@ impl CarriedLightMotion {
 /// carried light is a child of a moving parent, so its `GlobalTransform` is only this frame's once
 /// `Propagate` has run. `update_torch_shadows` reads the verdict in `Last`, i.e. later in the same
 /// frame — never one stale.
+#[allow(clippy::type_complexity)] // one Bevy system's full input set
 pub(crate) fn track_carried_light_motion(
     mut commands: Commands,
     time: Res<Time>,

crates/benilla-app/src/login/screen.rs

@@ -468,7 +468,7 @@ fn spawn_screen(
             LoginAction::ToggleSave,
             CheckMark::Save,
             form.save,
-            &strings.text("SAVE_ACCOUNT_NAME", "Remember Account Name"),
+            strings.text("SAVE_ACCOUNT_NAME", "Remember Account Name"),
         );
         // Remember Password, one row below. Not a reference control at all — 1.12 stores an
         // account name and never a secret — so the label is literal rather than a `GlueStrings`

crates/benilla-app/src/portrait/mod.rs

@@ -3860,8 +3860,9 @@ mod stage_latch_tests {
     }
 
     /// The second half of the handover, and the reason [`super::sync_body_booth`] clears the
-    /// latch: a pane's bake lives only as long as its room, and every pane numbers its bakes from
+    /// latch: a pane's bake lives only as long as its room, and every pane numbers its bakes
-    /// 1. A window that closes and reopens brings the *same* pane back at revision 1, so a latch
+    /// from one. A window that closes and reopens brings the *same* pane back at revision 1, so a
+    /// latch
     /// still holding that pane's revision 1 from its previous life reads as "already current"
     /// while the booth actually holds whatever the mirror left in it. Cleared, it is fresh again.
     #[test]

crates/benilla-app/src/post/sun_shafts.rs

@@ -82,6 +82,7 @@ impl Plugin for SunShaftsPlugin {
     }
 }
 
+#[allow(clippy::type_complexity)] // one Bevy system's full input set
 fn update_views(
     mut commands: Commands,
     video: Res<VideoConfig>,

crates/benilla-app/src/shadow_core.rs

@@ -456,6 +456,7 @@ fn apply_shadow_quality(
 }
 
 #[allow(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
+#[allow(clippy::type_complexity)] // one Bevy system's full input set
 fn manage_rig(
     state: Res<State<ClientState>>,
     video: Res<VideoConfig>,
@@ -695,7 +696,7 @@ pub(crate) fn append_triangles(
     base: u32,
     indices: &mut Vec<u32>,
 ) {
-    for triangle in source.chunks_exact(3) {
+    for triangle in source.as_chunks::<3>().0 {
         if triangle.iter().all(|index| *index < vertex_count) {
             indices.extend(triangle.iter().map(|index| base + *index));
         }
@@ -753,6 +754,7 @@ pub(crate) fn empty_cutout_mesh() -> Mesh {
 /// `(admitted, occluder-rejected)` for the trace. Range-gates before any vertex work. The `parts`
 /// query is written inline (not aliased) so a lane can pass its own identically-typed query.
 #[allow(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
+#[allow(clippy::type_complexity)] // the caster query a lane passes in, spelled out
 pub(crate) fn collect_entity_geometry(
     parts: &Query<
         (
@@ -868,7 +870,7 @@ fn append_skinned(
         let (Some(joints), Some(weights)) = (pick.0.joints.get(index), pick.0.weights.get(index))
         else {
             let fallback = palette
-                .get(0)
+                .first()
                 .map(|matrix| matrix.transform_point3(wow_to_bevy(*position)))
                 .unwrap_or(Vec3::ZERO);
             positions.push(fallback.to_array());

crates/benilla-app/src/sound/http_stream.rs

@@ -434,7 +434,7 @@ mod tests {
     fn the_endless_frame_count_is_a_day_at_the_streams_own_rate() {
         assert_eq!(ENDLESS_SECS * 44_100, 3_810_240_000);
         assert_eq!(ENDLESS_SECS * 48_000, 4_147_200_000);
-        assert!(
+        const _: () = assert!(
             ENDLESS_SECS * 48_000 < usize::MAX / 1024,
             "nowhere near the arithmetic's edge"
         );

crates/benilla-app/src/torch_shadow.rs

@@ -647,6 +647,7 @@ fn entity_gather_due(rate: u32, elapsed: f64, mask: u32, last_mask: u32) -> bool
 /// Not tidiness — [`update_torch_shadows`] sat at 15 of Bevy's 16 system params before this change
 /// added the player anchor and the interior knobs, and three separate members would not compile.
 #[derive(bevy::ecs::system::SystemParam)]
+#[allow(clippy::type_complexity)] // the caster query, written inline by the lane's own contract
 struct EntityCasters<'w, 's> {
     /// The SAME query the world lane passes to `collect_entity_geometry` (written inline by that
     /// contract so a lane can pass its own).
@@ -760,6 +761,7 @@ fn cube_view_projs(fixture: Vec3) -> [Mat4; CUBE_FACES] {
 }
 
 #[allow(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
+#[allow(clippy::type_complexity)] // one Bevy system's full input set
 fn update_torch_shadows(
     video: Res<VideoConfig>,
     state: Res<State<ClientState>>,
@@ -1226,15 +1228,17 @@ fn update_torch_shadows(
         }
         _ => 0,
     };
-    let census = (slot_count > 0)
+    let census = if slot_count > 0 {
-        .then(|| PartCensus {
+        PartCensus {
             gx: gx
                 .as_ref()
                 .map_or(0, |gx| gx.torch_residency_generation())
                 .wrapping_add(terrain_gen),
             parts: static_part_census(&ents),
-        })
+        }
-        .unwrap_or_default();
+    } else {
+        PartCensus::default()
+    };
     // A slot that has NEVER been fingerprinted jumps the queue: with one scan a frame a fresh
     // promotion would otherwise wait a whole sweep for its first map, and a slot with no map
     // publishes none (`map_publishable`), so that wait is a shadow that is simply missing. There
@@ -1542,87 +1546,85 @@ fn update_torch_shadows(
 
     // `WOW_TORCH_TRACE=1` — once a second, what the lane published: fixture distances + whether a
     // caster mesh exists. The app-side half of the debug (the shader group-3 sample is the GPU half).
-    if std::env::var_os("WOW_TORCH_TRACE").is_some() {
+    if std::env::var_os("WOW_TORCH_TRACE").is_some() && now - *last_trace >= 1.0 {
-        if now - *last_trace >= 1.0 {
+        *last_trace = now;
-            *last_trace = now;
+        // MONKEY (outdoor torch shadows): the header carries the lane budget too — "6 of the
-            // MONKEY (outdoor torch shadows): the header carries the lane budget too — "6 of the
+        // 12 slots may be exterior, 3 currently are, the sun is at 0.00" is the whole state of
-            // 12 slots may be exterior, 3 currently are, the sun is at 0.00" is the whole state of
+        // the split in one line, and it is the first thing to read when an outdoor shadow is
-            // the split in one line, and it is the first thing to read when an outdoor shadow is
+        // missing (no EXT slots at sun 1.00 is correct; no EXT slots at sun 0.00 is a bug).
-            // missing (no EXT slots at sun 1.00 is correct; no EXT slots at sun 0.00 is a bug).
+        info!(
+            "torch-trace: {}/{} slots of {} (ext {}/{}, sun {:.2}, {} candidates, caster {}, {} entity casters)",
+            promoted.len(),
+            want,
+            MAX_TORCH_CASTERS,
+            promoted.iter().filter(|(.., ext)| *ext).count(),
+            ext_cap,
+            sun_w,
+            cands.len(),
+            if lane.slots.iter().any(|s| s.mesh.is_some()) {
+                "built"
+            } else {
+                "none"
+            },
+            lane.trace_parts,
+        );
+        // MONKEY (torch lane perf): the FIXED per-frame cost, in the two counters that bound
+        // it. `gather parts N (rate R Hz, reach X yd)` is the CPU-skinned moving-caster set and
+        // the cadence + union radius it was taken at; `fingerprint scans S` is how many full
+        // resident-scene walks the census gate actually let through in the last second (a
+        // still room should read 0, a streaming one a handful). Both are per SECOND, so they
+        // are directly comparable to the frame rate beside them: `gathers` equal to the fps is
+        // `interiorShadowEntityRate 0`, and `scans` equal to the fps is the old behaviour with
+        // the gate defeated.
+        info!(
+            "torch-perf: gather parts {} (rate {} Hz, {} gathers/s, reach {:.0} yd), fingerprint scans {}/s",
+            lane.trace_parts,
+            video.interior_shadow_entity_rate,
+            lane.trace_gathers,
+            lane.trace_reach,
+            lane.trace_scans,
+        );
+        lane.trace_gathers = 0;
+        lane.trace_scans = 0;
+        // MONKEY (torch caster selection): per SLOT, the three numbers the selection is made
+        // of — which fixture, what it scores at the player, and how far its cross-fade has
+        // ramped. A shadow that pops is a `w` that jumped; a shadow that should be there and
+        // is not is a fixture missing from this list (then read `cands`, above).
+        // MONKEY (torch caster reach): scientific scores expose the small distant tail;
+        // distance is still from the player, and eligibility now extends to 4R + 3 yd.
+        for (i, e, p, sc, w, ext) in &promoted {
+            // MONKEY (torch owner exclusion): `owner` + `own body` are the fix's own readout —
+            // "who this fixture belongs to" and "how many retained items / entity parts its
+            // LAST rebuild dropped as that owner's body". A fixture standing in its own black
+            // square with `own body 0/0` is a missing owner tag; one with a plausible count and
+            // a shadow still under it is a caster arriving by some third route.
+            let slot = lane.slots.iter().find(|s| s.cache_slot == *i);
+            let (gx_excl, part_excl) = slot.map_or((0, 0), |s| s.trace_excluded);
+            // MONKEY (moving fixture): `moving` is this feature's readout — `live` is a slot
+            // being re-rendered from scratch every frame, `dropped` one that is moving but past
+            // TORCH_MOVING_MAX and fast-fading out, `settled` the ordinary cached path. An imp
+            // whose shadow lags is a slot reading `settled` while it walks (then look at
+            // `still_since` / the owner tag); a room whose static shadows freeze is two slots
+            // stuck on `live`.
             info!(
-                "torch-trace: {}/{} slots of {} (ext {}/{}, sun {:.2}, {} candidates, caster {}, {} entity casters)",
+                "  slot {i}: lane {} {e} at [{:.1},{:.1},{:.1}] d(player) {:.1} score {:.4e} w {:.2} owner {:?} moving {} own body {gx_excl} gx + {part_excl} parts (camera <= shadowDistance AND player <= 4R+3) static {} dynamic {} requested_live_rank {:?}",
-                promoted.len(),
+                if *ext { "EXT" } else { "INT" },
-                want,
+                p.x,
-                MAX_TORCH_CASTERS,
+                p.y,
-                promoted.iter().filter(|(.., ext)| *ext).count(),
+                p.z,
-                ext_cap,
+                p.distance(anchor),
-                sun_w,
+                sc,
-                cands.len(),
+                w,
-                if lane.slots.iter().any(|s| s.mesh.is_some()) {
+                slot.and_then(|s| s.owner),
-                    "built"
+                match slot {
-                } else {
+                    Some(s) if s.moving_live => "live",
-                    "none"
+                    Some(s) if s.fast_fade => "dropped",
+                    _ => "settled",
                 },
-                lane.trace_parts,
+                if static_rebuilt & (1 << i) != 0 { "rebuilt (GPU pending)" } else { "cached/requested" },
+                if dynamic & (1 << i) != 0 { "yes" } else { "no" },
+                (dynamic & (1 << i) != 0).then(|| TorchShadowViews::live_rank(dynamic, *i)),
             );
-            // MONKEY (torch lane perf): the FIXED per-frame cost, in the two counters that bound
-            // it. `gather parts N (rate R Hz, reach X yd)` is the CPU-skinned moving-caster set and
-            // the cadence + union radius it was taken at; `fingerprint scans S` is how many full
-            // resident-scene walks the census gate actually let through in the last second (a
-            // still room should read 0, a streaming one a handful). Both are per SECOND, so they
-            // are directly comparable to the frame rate beside them: `gathers` equal to the fps is
-            // `interiorShadowEntityRate 0`, and `scans` equal to the fps is the old behaviour with
-            // the gate defeated.
-            info!(
-                "torch-perf: gather parts {} (rate {} Hz, {} gathers/s, reach {:.0} yd), fingerprint scans {}/s",
-                lane.trace_parts,
-                video.interior_shadow_entity_rate,
-                lane.trace_gathers,
-                lane.trace_reach,
-                lane.trace_scans,
-            );
-            lane.trace_gathers = 0;
-            lane.trace_scans = 0;
-            // MONKEY (torch caster selection): per SLOT, the three numbers the selection is made
-            // of — which fixture, what it scores at the player, and how far its cross-fade has
-            // ramped. A shadow that pops is a `w` that jumped; a shadow that should be there and
-            // is not is a fixture missing from this list (then read `cands`, above).
-            // MONKEY (torch caster reach): scientific scores expose the small distant tail;
-            // distance is still from the player, and eligibility now extends to 4R + 3 yd.
-            for (i, e, p, sc, w, ext) in &promoted {
-                // MONKEY (torch owner exclusion): `owner` + `own body` are the fix's own readout —
-                // "who this fixture belongs to" and "how many retained items / entity parts its
-                // LAST rebuild dropped as that owner's body". A fixture standing in its own black
-                // square with `own body 0/0` is a missing owner tag; one with a plausible count and
-                // a shadow still under it is a caster arriving by some third route.
-                let slot = lane.slots.iter().find(|s| s.cache_slot == *i);
-                let (gx_excl, part_excl) = slot.map_or((0, 0), |s| s.trace_excluded);
-                // MONKEY (moving fixture): `moving` is this feature's readout — `live` is a slot
-                // being re-rendered from scratch every frame, `dropped` one that is moving but past
-                // TORCH_MOVING_MAX and fast-fading out, `settled` the ordinary cached path. An imp
-                // whose shadow lags is a slot reading `settled` while it walks (then look at
-                // `still_since` / the owner tag); a room whose static shadows freeze is two slots
-                // stuck on `live`.
-                info!(
-                    "  slot {i}: lane {} {e} at [{:.1},{:.1},{:.1}] d(player) {:.1} score {:.4e} w {:.2} owner {:?} moving {} own body {gx_excl} gx + {part_excl} parts (camera <= shadowDistance AND player <= 4R+3) static {} dynamic {} requested_live_rank {:?}",
-                    if *ext { "EXT" } else { "INT" },
-                    p.x,
-                    p.y,
-                    p.z,
-                    p.distance(anchor),
-                    sc,
-                    w,
-                    slot.and_then(|s| s.owner),
-                    match slot {
-                        Some(s) if s.moving_live => "live",
-                        Some(s) if s.fast_fade => "dropped",
-                        _ => "settled",
-                    },
-                    if static_rebuilt & (1 << i) != 0 { "rebuilt (GPU pending)" } else { "cached/requested" },
-                    if dynamic & (1 << i) != 0 { "yes" } else { "no" },
-                    (dynamic & (1 << i) != 0).then(|| TorchShadowViews::live_rank(dynamic, *i)),
-                );
-            }
         }
     }
 }
@@ -1714,7 +1716,7 @@ fn collect_torch_entities(
         if added == 0 {
             continue;
         }
-        for tri in pick.0.indices.chunks_exact(3) {
+        for tri in pick.0.indices.as_chunks::<3>().0 {
             if tri.iter().all(|i| *i < added) {
                 indices.extend(tri.iter().map(|i| base + *i));
             }

crates/benilla-app/src/ui_chat/tests.rs

@@ -200,7 +200,6 @@ fn an_emote_argument_targets_the_named_player_and_not_the_selection() {
     let sel = Selection {
         target: Some(Entity::from_raw_u32(11).unwrap()),
         guid: Some(0x5e1),
-        ..Default::default()
     };
     let find = |n: &str| (n == "Bob").then_some((bob, 0xb0b));
     assert_eq!(emote_target(Some("Bob"), &sel, find, Some(me)), 0xb0b);

crates/benilla-app/src/ui_chr_classes.rs

@@ -198,9 +198,11 @@ mod tests {
     #[test]
     fn a_vm_built_after_boot_still_fills_pfquests_file_scope_class_bitmask() {
         let mut app = App::new();
-        app.insert_resource(ChrClassTable(ChrClasses::from_name_rows(
+        app.insert_resource(ChrClassTable(ChrClasses::from_name_rows([(
-            [(1u32, "Warrior".to_owned(), "WARRIOR".to_owned())].into_iter(),
+            1u32,
-        )));
+            "Warrior".to_owned(),
+            "WARRIOR".to_owned(),
+        )])));
         // No VM yet — exactly the ordering a world-entry VM meets: the resource is long since
         // loaded, and `PostStartup` has already come and gone.
         app.add_systems(PostStartup, feed_class_info);

crates/benilla-app/src/ui_inspect.rs

@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ fn inspect_slot_view(
                     .player_visible_item_enchant(slot0, u8::try_from(j).unwrap_or(0))
                     .unwrap_or(0) as i32
             }),
-            random_properties_id: u32::from(roll),
+            random_properties_id: roll,
             ..Default::default()
         },
         ..Default::default()

crates/benilla-app/src/ui_items/mod.rs

@@ -968,9 +968,8 @@ mod tests {
     };
     use benilla_ui::script::EQUIPMENT_BAG;
 
-    /// Both ends of every rung of `GetKeyRingSize` (`ContainerFrame.lua:773`).
+    /// Both ends of every rung of `GetKeyRingSize` (`ContainerFrame.lua:773`), on the wire's 16
-
+    /// positions (vmangos `KEYRING_SLOT_END` 97) rather than the level-gated count.
-    /// The wire's 16 positions (vmangos `KEYRING_SLOT_END` 97), not the level-gated count.
     #[test]
     fn wire_pos_maps_the_keyring_onto_the_player_grid() {
         assert_eq!(wire_pos(KEYRING_CONTAINER, 1), Some((255, 81)));

crates/benilla-app/src/ui_script/flash_trace.rs

@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ pub(crate) fn trace_visibility_churn(
     // Worst first: the driver is usually the top one, and its children follow it.
     // Worst first. The tie-break is the resolved name, so the line is stable run to run; it
     // resolves only after the truncation, which is the whole point of carrying handles.
-    loud.sort_by(|a, b| b.1.cmp(&a.1));
+    loud.sort_by_key(|row| std::cmp::Reverse(row.1));
     loud.truncate(12);
     let mut named: Vec<(String, u32)> = loud
         .into_iter()

crates/benilla-app/src/ui_script/lifecycle.rs

@@ -856,6 +856,30 @@ pub(crate) fn shutdown_on_exit(
 /// player's own create (`0x5deb60 call 0x4908c0`). This fires `PLAYER_LOGIN` at the end of the
 /// load on both, the `/reload` shape; `PLAYER_ENTERING_WORLD` fires from [`crate::ui_unit`] once
 /// the self descriptor lands.
+/// The player's UTC offset in seconds, for `date()` and `C_DateAndTime.GetServerTimeLocal`.
+///
+/// `std` has no local-time support, so this is `localtime_r` on the current instant: the offset
+/// *as it stands now*, DST included, rather than the zone's standard offset. Read once at VM setup
+/// — a session that crosses a DST boundary keeps the offset it booted with, which is one hour
+/// wrong for the rest of that session and is the same thing every client that caches it does.
+///
+/// 0 on failure, which is UTC — the behaviour this tree had everywhere before, so a broken or
+/// missing zone database leaves the clock exactly where it used to be rather than off by a
+/// garbage amount.
+fn local_utc_offset_secs() -> i32 {
+    // SAFETY: `localtime_r` writes a caller-owned `tm` and takes a pointer to a live `time_t`;
+    // both live for the call, and the `_r` form keeps no global state.
+    unsafe {
+        let now: libc::time_t = libc::time(std::ptr::null_mut());
+        let mut tm: libc::tm = std::mem::zeroed();
+        if libc::localtime_r(&now, &mut tm).is_null() {
+            return 0;
+        }
+        // `tm_gmtoff` is seconds EAST of UTC, which is the sign `date()` wants to add.
+        i32::try_from(tm.tm_gmtoff).unwrap_or(0)
+    }
+}
+
 #[cfg(test)]
 pub(crate) fn finish_ui_load(script: &mut UiScript) {
     finish_ui_load_with(script, |_| {}, |_| {});
@@ -1099,27 +1123,3 @@ mod tests {
         );
     }
 }
-
-/// The player's UTC offset in seconds, for `date()` and `C_DateAndTime.GetServerTimeLocal`.
-///
-/// `std` has no local-time support, so this is `localtime_r` on the current instant: the offset
-/// *as it stands now*, DST included, rather than the zone's standard offset. Read once at VM setup
-/// — a session that crosses a DST boundary keeps the offset it booted with, which is one hour
-/// wrong for the rest of that session and is the same thing every client that caches it does.
-///
-/// 0 on failure, which is UTC — the behaviour this tree had everywhere before, so a broken or
-/// missing zone database leaves the clock exactly where it used to be rather than off by a
-/// garbage amount.
-fn local_utc_offset_secs() -> i32 {
-    // SAFETY: `localtime_r` writes a caller-owned `tm` and takes a pointer to a live `time_t`;
-    // both live for the call, and the `_r` form keeps no global state.
-    unsafe {
-        let now: libc::time_t = libc::time(std::ptr::null_mut());
-        let mut tm: libc::tm = std::mem::zeroed();
-        if libc::localtime_r(&now, &mut tm).is_null() {
-            return 0;
-        }
-        // `tm_gmtoff` is seconds EAST of UTC, which is the sign `date()` wants to add.
-        i32::try_from(tm.tm_gmtoff).unwrap_or(0)
-    }
-}

crates/benilla-app/src/volumetric_fog.rs

@@ -232,6 +232,7 @@ fn select_fog_lamps(
     selected
 }
 
+#[allow(clippy::type_complexity)] // one Bevy system's full input set
 fn update_fog(
     mut commands: Commands,
     video: Res<VideoConfig>,

crates/benilla-app/src/volumetric_light.rs

@@ -761,6 +761,6 @@ mod tests {
         assert_eq!(VolLightOverride(None).tier(&video), 2);
         assert_eq!(VolLightOverride(Some(1)).tier(&video), 1);
         assert_eq!(STEPS[0], 0.0);
-        assert!(STEPS[2] > STEPS[1]);
+        const _: () = assert!(STEPS[2] > STEPS[1]);
     }
 }

crates/benilla-app/src/vplates.rs

@@ -435,6 +435,7 @@ fn occlusion_probe(eye: Vec3, unit_origin: Vec3) -> Option<(Dir3, f32)> {
     (reach > 0.0).then_some((dir, reach))
 }
 
+#[allow(clippy::type_complexity)] // one Bevy system's full input set
 fn drive_vplates(
     mode: Res<VPlateMode>,
     mut plates: ResMut<VPlates>,

crates/benilla-app/src/world_shadow.rs

@@ -156,6 +156,7 @@ impl WorldLane {
 }
 
 #[allow(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
+#[allow(clippy::type_complexity)] // one Bevy system's full input set
 fn update_world_shadows(
     video: Res<VideoConfig>,
     time: Res<Time>,
@@ -271,9 +272,9 @@ fn update_world_shadows(
         lane.static_mesh = Some(mesh);
         lane.static_rebuilt_at = None;
     }
-    let due = lane.static_rebuilt_at.map_or(true, |at| {
+    let due = lane
-        at.distance(frame.light_position) > STATIC_REBUILD_STEP
+        .static_rebuilt_at
-    });
+        .is_none_or(|at| at.distance(frame.light_position) > STATIC_REBUILD_STEP);
     if !due {
         return;
     }
@@ -400,9 +401,11 @@ mod streamed_refresh_tests {
     #[test]
     fn shadow_cache_refresh_runs_without_volumetric_fog_and_is_quiet_when_unchanged() {
         let mut app = App::new();
-        let mut video = VideoConfig::default();
+        let video = VideoConfig {
-        video.volumetric_fog = 0;
+            volumetric_fog: 0,
-        video.world_shadows = false;
+            world_shadows: false,
+            ..Default::default()
+        };
         app.insert_resource(video)
             .init_resource::<StaticGx>()
             .init_resource::<WorldLane>()

crates/benilla-app/tests/repro_mail.rs

@@ -1,137 +0,0 @@
-//! TEMPORARY repro harness — not for commit. Loads the stock MailFrame chain from loose mirror
-//! files under /tmp/opencode/vanilla-ui and drives the open-letter path, printing Lua errors.
-
-use benilla_ui::script::{MailInboxRow, MailState, UiScript};
-
-const UI: &str = "/tmp/opencode/vanilla-ui";
-
-const FILES: &[&str] = &[
-    "Interface\\FrameXML\\Fonts.xml",
-    r"Interface\FrameXML\MoneyFrame.lua",
-    r"Interface\FrameXML\MoneyFrame.xml",
-    r"Interface\FrameXML\MoneyInputFrame.lua",
-    r"Interface\FrameXML\MoneyInputFrame.xml",
-    "Interface\\FrameXML\\GlobalStrings.lua",
-    r"Interface\FrameXML\UIParent.xml",
-    "ScrollTemplates.xml",
-    r"Interface\FrameXML\UIPanelTemplates.lua",
-    r"Interface\FrameXML\UIPanelTemplates.xml",
-    "Interface\\FrameXML\\BasicControls.xml",
-    "Interface\\FrameXML\\LocaleProperties.lua",
-    "Interface\\FrameXML\\StaticPopup.xml",
-    "Interface\\FrameXML\\GameTooltip.xml",
-    r"Interface\FrameXML\ItemButtonTemplate.xml",
-    "Interface\\FrameXML\\UIDropDownMenu.xml",
-    "Interface\\FrameXML\\CharacterFrameTemplates.xml",
-    "Interface\\FrameXML\\FriendsFrame.xml",
-    "Interface\\FrameXML\\MailFrame.xml",
-];
-
-fn load_ui(script: &UiScript) {
-    let dir = std::path::Path::new(env!("CARGO_MANIFEST_DIR")).join("assets/ui");
-    let read = |req: &str| -> Option<Vec<u8>> {
-        let p = std::path::Path::new(UI).join(req.replace('\\', "/"));
-        if let Ok(b) = std::fs::read(&p) {
-            return Some(b);
-        }
-        std::fs::read(dir.join(req)).ok()
-    };
-    for entry in FILES {
-        let bytes = read(entry).unwrap_or_else(|| panic!("{entry}: not found"));
-        if entry.to_ascii_lowercase().ends_with(".lua") {
-            script
-                .run_chunk_named(&bytes, &format!("@{entry}"))
-                .unwrap_or_else(|e| panic!("{entry}: {e}"));
-            continue;
-        }
-        let doc = benilla_ui::framexml::parse(&benilla_ui::source::decode(&bytes))
-            .unwrap_or_else(|e| panic!("{entry}: {e}"));
-        let report = benilla_ui::loader::load_in(script, &doc, &entry.replace('\\', "/"), &read);
-        assert!(
-            report.errors.is_empty(),
-            "{entry}: loader errors: {:#?}",
-            report.errors
-        );
-        let leaf = entry.rsplit(['\\', '/']).next().unwrap_or("");
-        if leaf.eq_ignore_ascii_case("UIParent.xml") && entry.contains('\\') {
-            script
-                .run(
-                    "FCF_OnUpdate = FCF_OnUpdate or function() end \
-                     FCF_DockUpdate = FCF_DockUpdate or function() end \
-                     UnitPopup_OnUpdate = UnitPopup_OnUpdate or function() end \
-                     BattlefieldFrame_OnUpdate = BattlefieldFrame_OnUpdate or function() end \
-                     MultiActionBar_Update = MultiActionBar_Update or function() end \
-                     RaidOptionsFrame_UpdatePartyFrames = RaidOptionsFrame_UpdatePartyFrames or function() end \
-                     LocalizeFrames = LocalizeFrames or function() end \
-                     updateContainerFrameAnchors = updateContainerFrameAnchors or function() end \
-                     UpdateNameplates = UpdateNameplates or function() end \
-                     CloseAllBags = CloseAllBags or function() end \
-                     OpenBackpack = OpenBackpack or function() end \
-                     CloseBackpack = CloseBackpack or function() end \
-                     NUM_CONTAINER_FRAMES = NUM_CONTAINER_FRAMES or 0 \
-                     CONTAINER_OFFSET_X = CONTAINER_OFFSET_X or 0 \
-                     CONTAINER_OFFSET_Y = CONTAINER_OFFSET_Y or 70 \
-                     BATTLEFIELD_TAB_OFFSET_Y = BATTLEFIELD_TAB_OFFSET_Y or 210 \
-                     PETACTIONBAR_YPOS = PETACTIONBAR_YPOS or 98 \
-                     PETACTIONBAR_XPOS = PETACTIONBAR_XPOS or 36",
-                )
-                .unwrap();
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-fn row(sender: Option<&str>, subject: &str, money: u32, cod: u32) -> MailInboxRow {
-    MailInboxRow {
-        package_icon: None,
-        stationery_icon: Some("Interface\\Icons\\INV_Misc_Note_01".to_string()),
-        sender: sender.map(str::to_string),
-        subject: subject.to_string(),
-        money,
-        cod,
-        days_left: 29.0,
-        item_count: 0,
-        was_read: false,
-        was_returned: false,
-        text_created: false,
-        can_reply: sender.is_some(),
-        is_gm: false,
-        body: Some("body".into()),
-        stationery_texture: "STATIONERYTEST".into(),
-        is_invoice: false,
-        invoice: None,
-        has_body: true,
-        item_id: 0,
-        item_name: None,
-        item_texture: None,
-        item_quality: None,
-        can_delete: false,
-        item_random_property_id: 0,
-    }
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn repro() {
-    // A stale openMailID: open row 1, then the inbox re-lists smaller (row purged), keeping the
-    // letter open; MAIL_INBOX_UPDATE re-runs InboxFrame_Update + OpenMail_Update on the stale id.
-    let mut s = UiScript::new().unwrap();
-    load_ui(&s);
-    s.set_mail(Some(MailState {
-        inbox: vec![
-            row(None, "Welcome", 0, 0),
-            row(Some("Jaina"), "second", 0, 0),
-        ],
-    }));
-    s.fire_event("MAIL_SHOW", vec![]);
-    s.fire_event("MAIL_INBOX_UPDATE", vec![]);
-    let _ = s.take_errors();
-    s.run("MailItem1Button:Click()").unwrap();
-    let errs = s.take_errors();
-    eprintln!("errors after click: {errs:#?}");
-
-    // The letter stays open while the list empties out (rows purged) — row 1 is now out of range.
-    s.set_mail(Some(MailState { inbox: vec![] }));
-    s.fire_event("MAIL_INBOX_UPDATE", vec![]);
-    let errs = s.take_errors();
-    eprintln!("errors after empty re-list: {errs:#?}");
-    assert!(true);
-}

crates/benilla-world/src/lighting/blob.rs

@@ -189,7 +189,6 @@ mod tests {
         assert_eq!(b.point_count(), MAX_LIVE_POINT_LIGHTS);
         assert_eq!(b.points.len(), 2 * MAX_LIVE_POINT_LIGHTS);
         assert_eq!(MAX_LIVE_POINT_LIGHTS, MAX_POINT_LIGHTS - 1);
-        assert!(MAX_LIVE_POINT_LIGHTS <= 255, "EXT_SEL_EMPTY is index 255");
     }
 
     /// The glue scene's fog toggle flips only the enable and leaves the race's fog rows standing.

crates/benilla-world/src/lighting/daylight.rs

@@ -509,9 +509,9 @@ pub fn daylight_target(light: &WowLighting) -> ([f32; 3], f32, f32) {
     let ndotl = l.y.max(0.0);
     let mut target = [0.0f32; 3];
     let mut peak = 0.0f32;
-    for i in 0..3 {
+    for (i, channel) in target.iter_mut().enumerate() {
-        target[i] = (light.ambient[i] + light.diffuse[i] * ndotl).clamp(0.0, 1.0);
+        *channel = (light.ambient[i] + light.diffuse[i] * ndotl).clamp(0.0, 1.0);
-        peak = peak.max(target[i]);
+        peak = peak.max(*channel);
     }
     let hue = if peak > 1e-4 {
         [target[0] / peak, target[1] / peak, target[2] / peak]
@@ -885,9 +885,9 @@ fn plan_clusters(points: &[[f32; 3]]) -> Vec<([f32; 3], [f32; 3])> {
     for (p, ci) in points.iter().zip(of_point.iter()) {
         let root = find(&mut parent, *ci);
         let e = boxes.entry(root).or_insert((*p, *p));
-        for a in 0..3 {
+        for ((lo, hi), v) in e.0.iter_mut().zip(e.1.iter_mut()).zip(p) {
-            e.0[a] = e.0[a].min(p[a]);
+            *lo = lo.min(*v);
-            e.1[a] = e.1[a].max(p[a]);
+            *hi = hi.max(*v);
         }
     }
     let mut out: Vec<([f32; 3], [f32; 3])> = boxes.into_values().collect();
@@ -938,6 +938,7 @@ const WINDOW_SPLIT_MAX: usize = 6;
 /// stitch -- three vertices where two walls meet a floor), must stand no more than
 /// [`SEAM_MAX_Z_EXTENT`] tall (or it is the vertical seam of a whole party wall), and must fall in
 /// the same 1..24 yd size band the aperture seed uses.
+#[allow(clippy::type_complexity)] // per cluster: its group, centroid, inward normal and extent
 fn boundary_clusters(
     groups: &[WmoGroupInfo],
     batches: &[(u16, bool, &[[f32; 3]])],
@@ -955,8 +956,8 @@ fn boundary_clusters(
         slot.push(positions);
         let acc = &mut sum[usize::from(gi)];
         for p in positions {
-            for a in 0..3 {
+            for (axis, v) in acc.0.iter_mut().zip(p) {
-                acc.0[a] += f64::from(p[a]);
+                *axis += f64::from(*v);
             }
             acc.1 += 1;
         }
@@ -1135,9 +1136,9 @@ fn cluster_boxes(points: &[[f32; 3]]) -> Vec<([f32; 3], [f32; 3])> {
     for (p, ci) in points.iter().zip(of_point.iter()) {
         let root = find(&mut parent, *ci);
         let e = boxes.entry(root).or_insert((*p, *p));
-        for a in 0..3 {
+        for ((lo, hi), v) in e.0.iter_mut().zip(e.1.iter_mut()).zip(p) {
-            e.0[a] = e.0[a].min(p[a]);
+            *lo = lo.min(*v);
-            e.1[a] = e.1[a].max(p[a]);
+            *hi = hi.max(*v);
         }
     }
     let mut out: Vec<([f32; 3], [f32; 3])> = boxes.into_values().collect();
@@ -1204,6 +1205,7 @@ pub fn daylight_modes() -> (bool, bool, bool) {
 /// contribute nothing. Removing the component takes it out of the packer's query outright and costs
 /// two archetype moves per game day. Everything else about the entity (its claims, its lane, its
 /// reach) is untouched, so dawn re-inserts and the claim set is exactly the one built at spawn.
+#[allow(clippy::type_complexity)] // one Bevy system's full input set
 pub fn update_daylight_fixtures(
     mut commands: Commands,
     light: Res<WowLighting>,
@@ -1959,6 +1961,7 @@ fn bleed_intensity(lit: [f32; 3], r_eff: f32, k_fill: f32) -> ([f32; 3], f32) {
 /// remains is structural and harmless: `update_daylight_fixtures` INSERTS and REMOVES its `PointLight`
 /// through `Commands`, so on the single frame a daylight fixture switches on at dawn or off at dusk
 /// the bleed reading it is one frame stale. Its steady-state value is written in place and is current.
+#[allow(clippy::type_complexity)] // one Bevy system's full input set
 pub fn update_bleed_fixtures(
     mut commands: Commands,
     knobs: Res<DynamicInteriors>,

crates/benilla-world/src/lighting/daylight/census.rs

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
 use super::*;
 use benilla_formats::{open_chain, parse_wmo_portals, parse_wmo_root, wmo_group_header};
 
+#[allow(clippy::type_complexity)] // the batch row is the tuple the loader hands back
 struct Loaded {
     groups: Vec<WmoGroupInfo>,
     names: Vec<String>,
@@ -41,7 +42,9 @@ fn group_names(bytes: &[u8]) -> Vec<String> {
     let (Some(mogn), Some(mogi)) = (mogn, mogi) else {
         return Vec::new();
     };
-    mogi.chunks_exact(32)
+    mogi.as_chunks::<32>()
+        .0
+        .iter()
         .map(|r| {
             let off = i32::from_le_bytes(r[28..32].try_into().unwrap());
             usize::try_from(off)

crates/benilla-world/src/lighting/fog_model.rs

@@ -281,9 +281,11 @@ mod tests {
 
     #[test]
     fn modern_marks_the_scene_end_and_fades_the_sun_at_night() {
-        let mut l = WowLighting::default();
+        let mut l = WowLighting {
-        l.fog_end = 444.0;
+            fog_end: 444.0,
-        l.celestial_dir = Vec3::new(0.0, 0.8, 0.6);
+            celestial_dir: Vec3::new(0.0, 0.8, 0.6),
+            ..Default::default()
+        };
         let mut f = MonkeyFrame::default();
         fill_frame(&mut f, FogModel::Modern, &l, &derived_band(&l));
         assert_eq!(f.fog_scene_end, 444.0);

crates/benilla-world/src/lighting/global_light.rs

@@ -145,6 +145,10 @@ pub(super) const MAX_POINT_LIGHTS: usize = 256;
 /// blob or the room-claim table changes.
 pub(super) const MAX_LIVE_POINT_LIGHTS: usize = MAX_POINT_LIGHTS - 1;
 
+/// The selection byte spends index 255 on `EXT_SEL_EMPTY`, so no live light may land there. At
+/// compile time, where a test could only say it after the build that broke it.
+const _: () = assert!(MAX_LIVE_POINT_LIGHTS <= 255, "EXT_SEL_EMPTY is index 255");
+
 /// MONKEY (dynamic interiors): a fixture this close to the camera (yd) is packed regardless of the
 /// portal flood — see the room term in [`build_light_data`]. Sized to a WHOLE BUILDING PLUS its
 /// approach, not just the room: at 40 yd, walking around the outside of the inn kept crossing the
@@ -194,6 +198,7 @@ impl LightRooms {
 ///     hall, guest rooms and basement claim NOTHING.
 ///   * **NSabbey** — 42 fixtures over 14 groups, but `Main Hall`, `LftWng`, `RtWng`, `Library`,
 ///     `Library2`, `Library Wing` and `Stairs2` are named by no MOLR either.
+///
 /// Gating purely on MOLR would therefore black out most of both buildings — the abbey's look is
 /// the one the owner signed off, so that is a regression, not a fix. MOLR is authored for the
 /// reference's own purpose (register GL lights while drawing a VISIBLE group's doodads and units),
@@ -970,6 +975,7 @@ fn unpack_shadow_lane(w: f32) -> (f32, f32) {
 ///     reach it from below, and cannot leave it from above.
 ///   * `u32(max(w - 1, 0) + 0.5)` — the debug decode (`static_gx` x3, `wow_model`, `terrain`):
 ///     `debug + f + 0.5` truncates to `debug` for every `f` in `[0, 0.5)`.
+///
 /// **0.49** keeps a clear margin under that 0.5 cliff while spending the whole of the rest of the
 /// range on the value. `1 + debug` is an exact integer in f32, so the shader's `fract(w)` returns
 /// `daylight * 0.49` bit-for-bit up to the f32 ulp at `w <= 5.49` (~5e-7 — four orders of magnitude
@@ -1275,7 +1281,7 @@ impl RoomClaim {
                 Some(g) => {
                     // MONKEY (soft portal claims): the entry weight rides the spare high bits.
                     let entry = self.fades[i].entry.clamp(0.0, 1.0);
-                    u32::from(*g & !LIT_ROOM_EXT_DENY) + 1
+                    (u32::from(*g & !LIT_ROOM_EXT_DENY) + 1)
                         | if *g & LIT_ROOM_EXT_DENY == 0 {
                             CLAIM_EXT_OK
                         } else {

crates/benilla-world/src/liquid/lod.rs

@@ -152,10 +152,10 @@ fn stitch_tag(
     tx: f32,
     ty: f32,
 ) -> f32 {
-    let (a, b, t) = if (fy == 0 || fy + 1 == fine_rows) && fx % SUBDIVISIONS != 0 {
+    let (a, b, t) = if (fy == 0 || fy + 1 == fine_rows) && !fx.is_multiple_of(SUBDIVISIONS) {
         let y = if fy == 0 { 0 } else { rows - 1 };
         (y * cols + sx, y * cols + sx + 1, tx)
-    } else if (fx == 0 || fx + 1 == fine_cols) && fy % SUBDIVISIONS != 0 {
+    } else if (fx == 0 || fx + 1 == fine_cols) && !fy.is_multiple_of(SUBDIVISIONS) {
         let x = if fx == 0 { 0 } else { cols - 1 };
         (sy * cols + x, (sy + 1) * cols + x, ty)
     } else {

crates/benilla-world/src/liquid/waves.rs

@@ -43,6 +43,7 @@ const GRAVITY_YD: f32 = 10.72;
 
 /// `6.2831853` exactly as the shader spells it (`enhanced_water.wgsl`). Identical to `f32::TAU` once
 /// rounded, spelled as the literal so the mirror reads against the line it copies.
+#[allow(clippy::approx_constant)] // the shader's spelling is the point, see above
 const TWO_PI: f32 = 6.2831853;
 
 /// The ADT **ocean**'s wave energy — `liquid/surface.rs` packs `water.mode.y = 1.0` for
@@ -215,10 +216,13 @@ mod tests {
             "enhanced_water.wgsl WATER_WAVES[0..2]"
         );
         assert_eq!(GRAVITY_YD, 10.72, "enhanced_water.wgsl gravity");
-        assert_eq!(
+        #[allow(clippy::approx_constant)] // likewise the mirror's own literal
-            TWO_PI, 6.2831853,
+        {
-            "enhanced_water.wgsl k = 6.2831853/wavelength"
+            assert_eq!(
-        );
+                TWO_PI, 6.2831853,
+                "enhanced_water.wgsl k = 6.2831853/wavelength"
+            );
+        }
         assert_eq!(WATER_WIND_DIR, 0.35, "enhanced_water.wgsl WATER_WIND_DIR");
         assert_eq!(
             GERSTNER_CHOP, 2.4,

crates/benilla-world/src/static_gx/render.rs

@@ -420,7 +420,7 @@ fn prepare_static_gx(
     // (a bare static_gx harness has no lighting) — absent reads as the shipped Gaussian.
     shadow_filter: Option<Res<crate::lighting::ShadowFilterGaussian>>,
 ) {
-    let shadow_gaussian = shadow_filter.map_or(true, |f| f.0);
+    let shadow_gaussian = shadow_filter.is_none_or(|f| f.0);
     let _t = super::gx_perf_guard(3);
     let Some((view, msaa, _, _)) = views.iter().next() else {
         return;

crates/benilla-world/src/static_gx/shadow.rs

@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ impl StaticGx {
                         .map(|p| t.transform_point(wow_to_bevy(*p)).to_array()),
                 );
                 let added = positions.len() as u32 - base;
-                for tri in item.geometry.indices.chunks_exact(3) {
+                for tri in item.geometry.indices.as_chunks::<3>().0 {
                     if tri.iter().all(|i| *i < added) {
                         indices.extend(tri.iter().map(|i| base + *i));
                     }
@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ impl StaticGx {
                 );
                 bucket.uvs.extend_from_slice(&geometry.uvs);
                 let added = bucket.positions.len() as u32 - base;
-                for tri in geometry.indices.chunks_exact(3) {
+                for tri in geometry.indices.as_chunks::<3>().0 {
                     if tri.iter().all(|i| *i < added) {
                         bucket.indices.extend(tri.iter().map(|i| base + *i));
                     }

crates/benilla-world/src/static_gx/torch_depth.rs

@@ -1122,7 +1122,7 @@ impl super::StaticGx {
                         .to_array()
                 }));
                 let added = positions.len() as u32 - base;
-                for tri in item.geometry.indices.chunks_exact(3) {
+                for tri in item.geometry.indices.as_chunks::<3>().0 {
                     if tri.iter().all(|i| *i < added) {
                         indices.extend(tri.iter().map(|i| base + *i));
                     }

crates/benilla-world/src/water_fx/bob.rs

@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ fn ride(state: &BobState) -> (f32, Quat) {
     // Clamp the SLOPE, not the resulting quaternion: the wave normal is `(-∂x, 1, -∂z)`
     // (`enhanced_water.wgsl`), so a gradient of length `tan(θ)` is a lean of exactly θ.
     let len = g.length();
-    let g = if len > MAX_TILT_TAN && len > 0.0 {
+    let g = if len > MAX_TILT_TAN {
         g * (MAX_TILT_TAN / len)
     } else {
         g

crates/benilla-world/src/water_fx/mod.rs

@@ -353,13 +353,15 @@ fn drive_unit(
     // hanging in deep water is the state the reference's driver renders almost invisible, and it
     // is exactly the state the owner's murloc will be in. Classic touches nothing here — not the
     // timer, not the RNG stream.
-    if look.enhanced && look.swimming && !matches!(state, WadeState::Translating { .. }) {
+    if look.enhanced
-        if now >= foam_state.tread_ready {
+        && look.swimming
-            foam_state.tread_ready = now + TREAD_INTERVAL;
+        && !matches!(state, WadeState::Translating { .. })
-            if let Some(p) = tread_params(look, scale, &mut foam_state.rng) {
+        && now >= foam_state.tread_ready
-                let heading = rand01(&mut foam_state.rng) * std::f32::consts::TAU;
+    {
-                emit_record(alloc, index, water, [wow[0], wow[1]], &p, heading, now);
+        foam_state.tread_ready = now + TREAD_INTERVAL;
-            }
+        if let Some(p) = tread_params(look, scale, &mut foam_state.rng) {
+            let heading = rand01(&mut foam_state.rng) * std::f32::consts::TAU;
+            emit_record(alloc, index, water, [wow[0], wow[1]], &p, heading, now);
         }
     }
 

crates/benilla-world/src/weather/wetness.rs

@@ -175,8 +175,10 @@ mod tests {
 
     #[test]
     fn the_ripple_clock_wraps() {
-        let mut w = Wetness::default();
+        let mut w = Wetness {
-        w.ripple_time_s = RIPPLE_WRAP_S - 0.05;
+            ripple_time_s: RIPPLE_WRAP_S - 0.05,
+            ..Default::default()
+        };
         w.step(0.0, 0.1);
         assert!(w.ripple_time_s < 0.1);
     }