diff --git a/crates/benilla-app/assets/ui/ActionBar.xml b/crates/benilla-app/assets/ui/ActionBar.xml
index d6c434e2..fc65e56c 100644
--- a/crates/benilla-app/assets/ui/ActionBar.xml
+++ b/crates/benilla-app/assets/ui/ActionBar.xml
@@ -56,8 +56,14 @@
           1218/1219 fixed for MultiBarLeft.
           Unlike the ref (which HIDES an empty, non-grid slot entirely), our MAIN bar always shows
           all 12 wells; the grid only swaps an EMPTY slot's ring art between the occupied and empty
-          Quickslot textures. The ref's extra SetVertexColor(1,1,1,0.5) dim on a grid ring is NOT
-          ours — that look is unchanged since 0216 and is the director's to move.
+          Quickslot textures. The ref's SetVertexColor(1,1,1,0.5) dim on a grid ring IS ours as of
+          1781 — this note said for three hundred decisions that the dim was "the director's to
+          move", and they moved it: an empty well under a held spell read as a black hole, because
+          UI-Quickslot is a FILLED plate (see BenillaActionButton_SetRing) and we were painting it
+          opaque. The dim now rides the ring's own setter, so art and tint cannot drift apart.
+          What we do NOT take is where the ref's dim ENDS: nothing in the real client ever clears
+          it, so one pickup fades every border for the session (byte-pinned; the setter's comment
+          has the addresses). Ours lets go with the payload — divergence, chosen, decision 1782.
         - Exhaustion tick + rest fill, XP text (hover/cvar-gated), MaxLevelBar: OUT. The bar's
           right-hand cluster is otherwise complete — the backpack toggle + four bag slots live in
           BagFrame.xml and the eight micro buttons in MicroMenu.xml (both anchored into
@@ -291,8 +297,12 @@
             end
             -- Losing the last key with the keyring open would strand an orphan window; the ref
             -- can't reach this state (its latch is one-way), so this is ours to decide. The window
-            -- is an ordinary ContainerFrame since 1751, so this is the reference's own CloseBag.
-            if not show then CloseBag(KEYRING_CONTAINER) end
+            -- is an ordinary ContainerFrame since 1751, so this is the reference's own CloseBag —
+            -- nil-guarded like every other reach out of this function, because the trigger above
+            -- lives on THIS file's art frame now (1751 window 3) and a dozen harnesses load the
+            -- bar with no bag stack behind it. With no ContainerFrame.lua there is no keyring
+            -- window to strand either, so skipping is the whole correct answer.
+            if not show and CloseBag then CloseBag(KEYRING_CONTAINER) end
         end
 
         -- ── The bonus-bar slide (decision 1524; ref BonusActionBarFrame.lua:1-98) ──────────────
@@ -888,12 +898,64 @@
             BenillaActionButton_Update(button)
         end
 
+        -- ── The ring: art and tint set TOGETHER ────────────────────────────────────────────────
+        -- One well, one answer to "what does it look like". Setting the two apart is precisely how
+        -- the reference's own pair got out of step: ActionButton_ShowGrid (ActionButton.lua:247)
+        -- dims the ring and ActionButton_Update, the only thing that ever repaints it, never
+        -- restores the dim.
+        --
+        -- `ghost` is that dim, the ref's own SetVertexColor(1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 0.5), and it is not
+        -- cosmetic trim. UI-Quickslot and UI-Quickslot2 are not two rings: Quickslot2 is a hollow
+        -- border (interior alpha 0), Quickslot is a FILLED plate — solid black at alpha 0.6 across
+        -- its whole middle (measured off the shipped BLPs). So the grid swap does not outline an
+        -- empty well, it fills it, and painting that plate opaque drops a 60%-black square into
+        -- every empty slot on every bar the moment a payload is picked up. The ref's half-alpha
+        -- takes it to 30%, where it reads as a drop-target hint rather than a hole. Ours skipped
+        -- the dim from 0216 to 1781 and the bars went dark under a held spell.
+        --
+        -- **Only the EMPTY well ghosts, and that is a DIVERGENCE — a chosen one (1782).** The
+        -- reference fans SHOWGRID to every button and dims each one, occupied included, and then
+        -- nothing ever clears it: `SetNormalTexture(path)` REUSES the region and touches only the
+        -- texture handle, and `UpdateUsable`'s three-argument SetVertexColor is
+        -- `SetVertexColor(r, g, b, currentAlpha)` — the binding asks a second time whether the
+        -- alpha argument is present and, when it is not, copies the alpha it just read back over
+        -- the 1.0 default. Both byte-verified: wow-re `system/ui/scratch/
+        -- button-state-texture-path-setter.md` §2/§7 (`0x778f10`, `0x770200`, `0x79adfe`).
+        --
+        -- So in stock 1.12.1 the FIRST spell anyone picks up leaves every action button's border at
+        -- vertex alpha 0x80 for the rest of the session, occupied slots included. That is a stuck
+        -- state, not a look: it is keyed to nothing the player can see, it never comes back, and
+        -- reproducing it would fade the whole bar permanently on the first drag. We take the look
+        -- the dim was written for — the wells the grid opens read as drop targets — and let go of
+        -- it with the payload. 1782 is why, and what we would need to see to revisit it.
+        function BenillaActionButton_SetRing(button, texture, ghost)
+            button:SetNormalTexture(texture)
+            -- The derived name, exactly as UpdateUsable reaches the same region (and as the ref
+            -- reaches it); nil only for an anonymous foreign button, which has no wells of ours.
+            local name = button:GetName()
+            local normal = name and getglobal(name .. "NormalTexture")
+            if not normal then return end
+            if ghost then
+                normal:SetVertexColor(1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 0.5)
+            else
+                -- The fourth argument is written OUT, never left to the default. Our binding
+                -- currently reads an absent alpha as 1.0 and the reference reads it as the alpha
+                -- already there (above); the day that divergence is closed, a 3-argument call here
+                -- would preserve the 0.5 it is supposed to be clearing and the ghost would become
+                -- exactly the stuck state this function exists to avoid — silently, with no test
+                -- touching this file able to see it. Saying 1.0 out loud is correct under either.
+                normal:SetVertexColor(1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0)
+            end
+        end
+
         function BenillaActionButton_Update(button)
             local action = BenillaActionButton_Action(button)
             if HasAction(action) then
                 button.icon:SetTexture(GetActionTexture(action) or BENILLA_FALLBACK_ICON)
                 button.icon:Show()
-                button:SetNormalTexture("Interface\\Buttons\\UI-Quickslot2")
+                -- Full alpha here only to clear whatever the ring last wore; the real occupied
+                -- tint is UpdateUsable's, below.
+                BenillaActionButton_SetRing(button, "Interface\\Buttons\\UI-Quickslot2", false)
                 button:Show()
                 button.rangeTimer = -1
                 BenillaActionButton_UpdateCount(button)
@@ -925,17 +987,23 @@
                     if not grid then
                         button:Hide()
                     else
-                        button:SetNormalTexture("Interface\\Buttons\\UI-Quickslot")
+                        BenillaActionButton_SetRing(button, "Interface\\Buttons\\UI-Quickslot", true)
                         button:Show()
                     end
                 else
                     -- While the grid is up, an empty slot shows the ref's own "no action" ring
                     -- (Interface\Buttons\UI-Quickslot) so it reads as a drop target; otherwise the
                     -- plain occupied-style ring, unchanged from before this slice (SCOPE note).
+                    --
+                    -- Either way the tint is WRITTEN, not left: this arm used to touch the ring's
+                    -- art and never its colour, so a slot emptied while out of power kept
+                    -- UpdateUsable's blue-grey 0.5/0.5/1.0 on a well with nothing in it — 1108's
+                    -- "a tint outlives the art" one region over. A ring that is only ever painted
+                    -- as a function of the button's state cannot carry the last one's history.
                     if grid then
-                        button:SetNormalTexture("Interface\\Buttons\\UI-Quickslot")
+                        BenillaActionButton_SetRing(button, "Interface\\Buttons\\UI-Quickslot", true)
                     else
-                        button:SetNormalTexture("Interface\\Buttons\\UI-Quickslot2")
+                        BenillaActionButton_SetRing(button, "Interface\\Buttons\\UI-Quickslot2", false)
                     end
                 end
             end
@@ -2036,6 +2104,35 @@
                         <Scripts><OnClick>ActionBar_PageDown() PlaySound("UChatScrollButton")</OnClick></Scripts>
                     </Button>
                 </Frames>
+                <!-- ── The keyring's SHOW trigger (ref MainMenuBar.xml l.322-341) ──────────────
+                     The art frame watches the bags and re-derives the keyring half of the bar; the
+                     reference puts these three registrations and this exact call on THIS frame, and
+                     that is why they are here rather than on KeyRingButton.
+
+                     They used to live on KeyRingButton's own OnEvent, in our BagFrame.xml, because
+                     that file was ours to write scripts into. 1751 window 3 made the bag bar the
+                     reference's own MainMenuBarBagButtons.xml, whose KeyRingButton has no OnEvent —
+                     so the trigger had to come back to where the reference keeps it, which is here.
+
+                     The ref's body latches SHOW_KEYRING on forever the first time HasKey() is true
+                     (a saved variable) and pulses the button for 60s. Ours does neither, and 0765
+                     is the record: the latch is re-derived from HasKey() every BAG_UPDATE in BOTH
+                     directions, and the pulse is out for 0304's reason. So there is no
+                     SHOW_KEYRING and no SetButtonPulse here — MainMenuBar_UpdateKeyRing (top of
+                     this file) carries the whole decision, and this is only its trigger.
+
+                     NOT called from OnLoad, and the reference does not call it there either: this
+                     file is manifest entry 25 and the body reaches `CloseBag` (the sourced
+                     ContainerFrame.lua, entry 46) and `KeyRingButton` (entry 48), neither of which
+                     exists yet. PLAYER_ENTERING_WORLD is what paints the first state, there and
+                     here. -->
+                <Scripts>
+                    <OnLoad>
+                        this:RegisterEvent("PLAYER_ENTERING_WORLD")
+                        this:RegisterEvent("BAG_UPDATE")
+                    </OnLoad>
+                    <OnEvent>MainMenuBar_UpdateKeyRing()</OnEvent>
+                </Scripts>
             </Frame>
 
             <!-- The performance ("ping") meter (ref-MainMenuBar.xml l.344-407). 16x64 pinned to the
diff --git a/crates/benilla-app/assets/ui/BagFrame.xml b/crates/benilla-app/assets/ui/BagFrame.xml
deleted file mode 100644
index cc863396..00000000
--- a/crates/benilla-app/assets/ui/BagFrame.xml
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,994 +0,0 @@
-<Ui>
-    <!--
-        **benilla's bag BAR** — the five buttons on the right of the main action bar, and nothing
-        else. The bag WINDOWS this file used to hold are gone: they are the reference's own
-        `ContainerFrame1..12`, executed off the player's installed patch chain (decision 1751,
-        `Interface\FrameXML\ContainerFrame.xml` in benilla.toc, three lines above this one).
-
-        So what remains is this client's stand-in for the reference's `MainMenuBarBagButtons.xml` /
-        `.lua` — the backpack button, `CharacterBag0Slot`..`CharacterBag3Slot`, `KeyRingButton`, and
-        the item-push card that flies into whichever of them took an item. It keeps the reference's
-        names because those are what addons reach for, and it will be replaced by the reference's
-        own file the day `PutItemInBag` / `PickupBagFromSlot` are bound (see the note at
-        `BagSlotButton_OnClick`, which is the migration ticket).
-
-        THE VERBS ARE THE REFERENCE'S NOW, and every button below calls them through the global:
-        `ToggleBackpack`, `ToggleBag`, `OpenAllBags`, `ToggleKeyRing`, `PutKeyInKeyRing`,
-        `IsBagOpen` — all from the sourced `ContainerFrame.lua`. That is not incidental: those
-        names are precisely what a bag addon replaces, so a button that called a private body
-        instead would make the addon silently inert (the lesson this file's own history carries —
-        four of the five buttons did exactly that once).
-
-        WHAT LIGHTS A BUTTON. The reference's `ContainerFrame_OnShow`/`_OnHide` write
-        `MainMenuBarBackpackButton:SetChecked` / `CharacterBag<N>Slot:SetChecked` directly, so with
-        stock windows the flag is already correct by the time a click handler's tail runs; each
-        tail below re-derives it with `IsBagOpen`, which is the reference's own scan under the name
-        it publishes for it. `KeyRingButton` is the same at `KEYRING_CONTAINER`.
-
-        KEYRING. `KEYRING_CONTAINER = -2` lives here because it lives in
-        `MainMenuBarBagButtons.lua:1` in the reference — and the sourced `ContainerFrame.lua` reads
-        it, so this file is load-bearing for a file above it in the manifest. Decision 0765's
-        keyring-as-container stands: the app feeds it like any other bag, so the reference's own
-        window, verbs and sounds take it unchanged. The one place the reference detours out of the
-        container API for a keyring slot is its tooltip, and that detour is adapted — with its
-        reasons — in `ContainerFrameAdapters.xml`.
-
-        ITEM PUSH (decision 0887): `BENILLA_ITEM_PUSH_*` + `BenillaItemPushAnim_*` are ours, and
-        deliberately not the reference's `ItemAnimTemplate` — that is a `<Model>` playing an .mdx
-        sequence, and this engine renders no FrameXML models (see `Cooldown.xml`'s own note). The
-        card below is the same animation sampled from the model's tracks and drawn as a quad.
-
-        The counts are NumberFontNormal and the labels GameFontHighlight — both from the shipped
-        Fonts.xml, so they render in the real fonts.
-    -->
-    <Script><![CDATA[
-
-        -- The keyring's container id (ref MainMenuBarBagButtons.lua:1) — decision 0765. It is an
-        -- ordinary container in every respect the seam cares about: the app feeds it like any other
-        -- bag (its slots are the player descriptor's own 81.., no container object), and every
-        -- container verb, the cursor, the pending-op lock and the wire drains take it unchanged.
-        -- What makes it special is only what the reference makes special: the window's art, its
-        -- open/close sound, and the fact that its capacity is not a wire field.
-        KEYRING_CONTAINER = -2
-
-        -- The backpack button (MainMenuBarBackpackButton): if any bag window is open, close them
-        -- all; otherwise open every existing bag (ref ToggleBackpack — "if numOpen > 0 then
-        -- CloseAllBags() else OpenAllBags()").
-        --
-        -- ONE STATED DIVERGENCE from ref BackpackButton_OnClick (MainMenuBarBagButtons.lua
-        -- l.55-69). The ref's tail re-derives the checked state from a scan of its NATIVE
-        -- ContainerFrames — and OnShow/OnHide dispatch is SYNCHRONOUS in the reference (wow-re
-        -- `onshow-onhide-dispatch-order.md`: Show binder 0x775750 → transition 0x76ae10 → notify
-        -- 0x76b260 → lua_pcall, every hop a direct call), so when an addon owns the bags its
-        -- OnShow's `SetChecked(1)` (Bagnon.lua l.33) lands FIRST and the ref tail stomps it: on
-        -- the real client the backpack button ends UNLIT after clicking it with Bagnon, and
-        -- lights only via the key binding (whose body is the bare `ToggleBackpack()`, no tail).
-        -- That click-path outcome contradicts the addon's evident intent and the director's call,
-        -- so ours swaps the scan for the auto-toggle UNDO below: checked belongs to the WINDOWS'
-        -- OnShow/OnHide writes — ours (BenillaBagFrame_OnShow/_OnHide) and any addon's alike —
-        -- and this handler only repairs what the CheckButton widget flipped before it ran. Every
-        -- stock outcome is identical to the ref's (the transition writes land inside
-        -- ToggleBackpack and are the last word); the addon case ends lit instead of stomped.
-        -- The widget-flip UNDO itself lives in the button's XML <OnClick> wrapper — the one seat
-        -- where the CheckButton auto-toggle has just happened — so every DIRECT caller of this
-        -- function (the tests, a macro) gets pure toggle semantics with no checked bookkeeping
-        -- to corrupt.
-        function BenillaBagToggle_OnClick()
-            -- Through the GLOBAL, so an addon that replaced `ToggleBackpack` gets the click.
-            ToggleBackpack()
-        end
-
-        -- ── The bag bar (decision 0216 slice 2) — four 30×30 buttons left of MainMenuBarBackpackButton,
-        -- mirroring the reference main-bar bag buttons (CharacterBag0..3Slot). No exact reference
-        -- XML was available to transcribe (not in the session's extracted set) — size (30×30) and
-        -- placement (left of the backpack button) are per the brief; inter-button spacing is an
-        -- authored assumption (2px), FLAGGED for the director's look. Each button shows the
-        -- equipped bag's own icon (GetInventoryItemTexture, inv slots 20..23 — Bag0Slot..Bag3Slot,
-        -- PaperDollItemFrame.dbc-verified, decision 0216 slice 2's char-feed extension) or the
-        -- empty-slot art when no bag is equipped there. Click toggles that bag's window — NAMED
-        -- DEFERRAL: no drag-to-equip a bag onto the bar yet (that's the paper-doll drag arc, slice
-        -- 3's scope, not this one).
-        -- The bag bar (and the backpack toggle) are RELOCATED onto the action bar — anchored into
-        -- MainMenuBarArtFrame's bottom-right — which means they need seating one frame level
-        -- above the bar art or it paints over their icons. That lever lives with the frame it's
-        -- about: BenillaActionBarArt_SeatAbove (ActionBar.xml, loaded before this file), which
-        -- carries the full explanation; the micro-button row is its second caller. Called
-        -- nil-GUARDED here: the shipped load order always has the bar first, but ~25 bag/bank/
-        -- escape/merchant test harnesses load THIS file alone — and with no bar loaded there is by
-        -- definition no bar art to seat above, so the guard's no-op is the right answer, not a
-        -- swallowed failure.
-
-        -- Bag0Slot..Bag3Slot = live inv ids 20..23 (char_stats.rs SLOT_INFO, DBC-verified); OUR bag
-        -- ids 1..4 map the same way (bagId N ⇒ inv slot 19+N), the id PickupInventoryItem/
-        -- GetInventoryItemTexture speak.
-        function BenillaBagBarSlot_InvSlot(button) return 19 + button.bagId end
-
-        function BenillaBagBarSlot_OnLoad(button, bagId)
-            button.bagId = bagId
-            -- The button's ID is the REFERENCE's: its 1-based inventory slot, 20..23 (the real
-            -- client gets there through PaperDollItemSlotButton_OnLoad, which resolves
-            -- "CharacterBag0Slot" → "Bag0Slot" → GetInventorySlotInfo → 20). Nothing of ours reads
-            -- it — every body here goes through `button.bagId` — but every ADDON does:
-            -- `Bagnon.lua:104` computes its highlight target as `this:GetID() - 19`, and against
-            -- an unset id that is -19, so Bagnon highlighted the wrong bag (silently, with no
-            -- raise) on every bag-slot hover. `isBag` is the same story from the same template
-            -- (ref BagSlotButtonTemplate OnLoad l.33), read by KeyRingItemButton_OnClick.
-            button:SetID(19 + bagId)
-            button.isBag = 1
-            button.icon = getglobal(button:GetName() .. "IconTexture")
-            if BenillaActionBarArt_SeatAbove then BenillaActionBarArt_SeatAbove(button) end
-            -- Both buttons (ref BagSlotButtonTemplate inherits PaperDollItemSlotButtonTemplate, and
-            -- its OnLoad calls PaperDollItemSlotButton_OnLoad — PaperDollFrame.lua:86 — so a bag-bar
-            -- slot registers the pair like every doll slot; MainMenuBarBagButtons.xml:78 does the
-            -- same for the backpack). BagSlotButton_OnClick reads no button: right-click opens the
-            -- bag, exactly as left does.
-            button:RegisterForClicks("LeftButtonUp", "RightButtonUp")
-            -- Drag-to-equip (decision 0208 phase 1b's deferred bag-icon arm, now landed): the bar
-            -- slot is a paper-doll equipment slot for bags. LEFT drag picks the equipped bag up;
-            -- a drag/receive drops a carried bag in to equip it (PickupInventoryItem — the exact
-            -- doll-slot transition, the app maps id 20..23 onto wire bag slots 19..22).
-            button:RegisterForDrag("LeftButton")
-            button:RegisterEvent("UNIT_INVENTORY_CHANGED")
-            button:RegisterEvent("BAG_UPDATE")
-            button:RegisterEvent("ITEM_LOCK_CHANGED")
-            BenillaBagBarSlot_Update(button)
-        end
-
-        -- Placing/equipping a carried bag (or picking the equipped one up) rides PickupInventoryItem,
-        -- exactly like a paper-doll slot; the empty-cursor plain click just toggles the bag's window.
-        function BenillaBagBarSlot_Place(button)
-            PickupInventoryItem(BenillaBagBarSlot_InvSlot(button))
-            BenillaBagBarSlot_Update(button)
-        end
-
-        -- ref BagSlotButton_OnClick (MainMenuBarBagButtons.lua l.3-21): the cursor arm first (the
-        -- ref's PutItemInBag; ours is the equip/swap PickupInventoryItem arm, decision 0208 1b),
-        -- otherwise the toggle goes THROUGH THE GLOBAL `ToggleBag` — the exact name
-        -- Bagnon_Core/Overrides.lua replaces — with the ref's own button sound on that arm only.
-        -- Toggling the window directly here (what this did before) made every bag addon's override
-        -- silently inert for the four slot buttons while the backpack button honoured it: the
-        -- 517-line rule above ("the reference's names are the real entry points") applied to only
-        -- one of the five buttons, and the director met the other four.
-        function BenillaBagBarSlot_OnClick(button)
-            if CursorHasItem() then
-                BenillaBagBarSlot_Place(button) -- drop/equip the carried bag onto this slot
-            else
-                ToggleBag(button.bagId)
-                PlaySound("BAGMENUBUTTONPRESS")
-            end
-            -- The click's own CheckButton auto-toggle is provisional — re-derive from the NATIVE
-            -- window on every branch, the ref's exact tail (BagSlotButton_OnClick l.12-20 scans
-            -- ContainerFrame1..N: SetChecked(isVisible) whether the click toggled, placed a bag,
-            -- or did nothing). `IsBagOpen` IS that scan, under the name the reference publishes
-            -- for it. Reading the WINDOW rather than what ToggleBag did is load-bearing both ways:
-            -- stock, the flag is already set when the tail runs (ContainerFrame_OnShow wrote it);
-            -- with an addon holding the bags, no ContainerFrame is shown and the slot button stays
-            -- unlit — the reference's own behaviour, its scan being equally blind to addon frames.
-            button:SetChecked(IsBagOpen(button.bagId) and 1 or nil)
-        end
-
-        function BenillaBagBarSlot_OnEvent(button)
-            if event == "UNIT_INVENTORY_CHANGED" and arg1 ~= "player" then return end
-            -- ITEM_LOCK_CHANGED names its slot in arg1/arg2; the bar's slots are the EQUIPMENT_BAG
-            -- space, so a bag-window lock event (a real bag id in arg1) never concerns the icon —
-            -- repainting anyway is idempotent (the lock read below is slot-specific). BAG_UPDATE
-            -- fires per-bag-CONTENTS change, not per-icon change (the icon is the bag ITEM's own
-            -- texture) — repainting on it too covers the freshly-equipped-bag-template-in-flight frame.
-            BenillaBagBarSlot_Update(button)
-        end
-
-        -- ── The bar buttons' hovers ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-        -- ref GlobalStrings.lua l.132 / l.1458 (enUS), fallback form: the real localized
-        -- GlobalStrings.lua runs before this file at runtime (ui_script/mod.rs), so these only
-        -- fill in for the harnesses that load no patch chain.
-        BACKPACK_TOOLTIP = BACKPACK_TOOLTIP or "Backpack"
-        EQUIP_CONTAINER = EQUIP_CONTAINER or "Equip Container"
-        -- ref GlobalStrings.lua l.2472 / l.2810 — the keyring's window title + button tooltip, and
-        -- the full-keyring refusal.
-        KEYRING = KEYRING or "Keyring"
-        NO_EMPTY_KEYRING_SLOTS_ERROR = NO_EMPTY_KEYRING_SLOTS_ERROR or "Your keyring is full."
-        -- **A REFERENCE TYPO, repaired here rather than lived with** (decision 1751: a divergence
-        -- becomes faithful or becomes a record, never silent — this is the record).
-        --
-        -- `PutKeyInKeyRing`'s full-ring arm reads `NO_EMPTY_KEYRING_SLOTS`
-        -- (ContainerFrame.lua l.753), and 1.12 ships **only** `NO_EMPTY_KEYRING_SLOTS_ERROR`
-        -- (GlobalStrings.lua l.2810 — checked, the shorter name appears nowhere in the file). So
-        -- in the real client the text is nil, `UIErrorsFrame:AddMessage` refuses it, and dropping
-        -- a key onto a full keyring reports nothing at all.
-        --
-        -- benilla ran its own `PutKeyInKeyRing` before 1751 and simply used the right name; now
-        -- the reference's own file runs, so the choice is explicit. **Supplying the name the
-        -- reference meant is the call**: the mechanism is not in dispute (its own line says which
-        -- string it wants), nothing of Blizzard's is edited, and the alternative is a player
-        -- gesture that silently does nothing while an error scrolls past. If fidelity to the bug
-        -- is ever wanted instead, deleting this line is the whole change.
-        NO_EMPTY_KEYRING_SLOTS = NO_EMPTY_KEYRING_SLOTS or NO_EMPTY_KEYRING_SLOTS_ERROR
-
-        -- Both are PLAIN tooltips — the reference calls GameTooltip:SetText here, not
-        -- GameTooltip_AddNewbieTip, so unlike the micro buttons next door (0661) there is no second
-        -- explanation line to be missing. They also anchor beside the button (ANCHOR_LEFT, so the
-        -- plate opens toward screen center off a bottom-right button), NOT at the default corner.
-        --
-        -- ref MainMenuBarBackpackButton OnEnter (ref-MainMenuBarBagButtons.xml l.91-99). The ref
-        -- appends the live binding key with GameTooltip:AppendText; ours concatenates the same
-        -- suffix from a LIVE GetBindingKey read since 0997, rendered through the Key Bindings
-        -- window's display law when it is loaded. Unbound: the bare label, the ref's own read.
-        -- The command is TOGGLEBACKPACK — the ref's own read here, and since 1494 ours too: it is
-        -- the key that runs what a plain click on this button runs.
-        function BenillaBagToggle_OnEnter(button)
-            if not GameTooltip then return end -- engine tests load file subsets
-            GameTooltip:SetOwner(button, "ANCHOR_LEFT")
-            local text = BACKPACK_TOOLTIP
-            local key = GetBindingKey("TOGGLEBACKPACK")
-            if key then
-                if KeyBindings_KeyText then key = KeyBindings_KeyText(key) end
-                text = text .. " " .. NORMAL_FONT_COLOR_CODE .. "(" .. key .. ")" .. FONT_COLOR_CODE_CLOSE
-            end
-            GameTooltip:SetText(text, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0)
-        end
-
-        -- ref BagSlotButton_OnEnter (ref-MainMenuBarBagButtons.lua l.86-96): the equipped bag's own
-        -- item tooltip, or "Equip Container" for an empty slot. The ref's "(F8)".."(F11)" suffix
-        -- needed GetBindingKey AND the TOGGLEBAG1..4 bindings; those bind as of 1494, so the ONE
-        -- thing still missing is `GameTooltip:AppendText` — our tooltip has SetText/AddLine and no
-        -- append verb, and the ref's suffix lands on a plate SetInventoryItem already wrote. That
-        -- verb's byte semantics (which line does it extend?) are unverified, so the suffix waits
-        -- rather than guessing; this is where it goes, over `GetBindingKey("TOGGLEBAG"..(5 -
-        -- button.bagId))` — the ref's index is REVERSED against the bar, so the slot nearest the
-        -- backpack (bagId 1) is TOGGLEBAG4/F11 and the farthest (bagId 4) is TOGGLEBAG1/F8.
-        function BenillaBagBarSlot_OnEnter(button)
-            if not GameTooltip then return end
-            GameTooltip:SetOwner(button, "ANCHOR_LEFT")
-            if not GameTooltip:SetInventoryItem("player", BenillaBagBarSlot_InvSlot(button)) then
-                GameTooltip:SetText(EQUIP_CONTAINER, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0)
-            end
-        end
-
-        -- `BagSlotButton_OnEnter()` — THE REFERENCE'S NAME for the hover above, and the entry point
-        -- the four `CharacterBag<N>Slot` buttons actually call (their XML below). Published for the
-        -- same standing reason `ToggleBackpack` is: an addon replaces the client's global and
-        -- expects the client to call the replacement.
-        --
-        -- `Bagnon.lua:67` is the exact shape, and it is a hover-frequency call, not a rare one:
-        --     bBagSlotButton_OnEnter = BagSlotButton_OnEnter      -- capture ours
-        --     BagSlotButton_OnEnter  = BagnonBlizBag_OnEnter      -- replace the global
-        -- Bagnon's replacement highlights the matching slots in its own window and then calls the
-        -- capture. With the global absent that capture was nil, and — because nothing here ever
-        -- looked the global up — the replacement was never reached to raise on it: Bagnon's
-        -- highlight was simply, silently inert. Corpus demand is exactly one addon (this one) at
-        -- two sites; its siblings `BagSlotButton_OnClick`/`_OnDrag`/`_OnShiftClick`/
-        -- `BackpackButton_OnClick` score ZERO and are deliberately not published (1210).
-        --
-        -- The reference's body takes no argument and reads `this`; so does this one.
-        function BagSlotButton_OnEnter()
-            BenillaBagBarSlot_OnEnter(this)
-        end
-
-        -- ref BagSlotButton_OnClick / _OnDrag / _OnShiftClick (MainMenuBarBagButtons.lua l.3-53),
-        -- published beside _OnEnter above for the same reason it was: they are the names
-        -- BagSlotButtonTemplate binds, and an addon that builds its bag bar from that template
-        -- reaches them and nothing else. pfUI is the measured caller (modules/bags.lua l.537), and
-        -- it CHAINS them — `GetScript("OnEnter")` then calling what it got — so a missing one is
-        -- not a dead button, it is a nil call inside the addon's own wrapper.
-        --
-        -- **Our four bar slots do not come through here** and are untouched: they carry an explicit
-        -- bagId from BenillaBagBarSlot_OnLoad and wire the Benilla bodies directly. These three
-        -- exist so a TEMPLATE-built button reaches the same bodies — one implementation, two entry
-        -- points, which is the whole point of publishing the reference's name over ours.
-        --
-        -- NOT the reference's bodies, and ONE of the two reasons for that expired with decision
-        -- 1751's bag swap. The reference's versions do two things: scan
-        -- ContainerFrame1..NUM_CONTAINER_FRAMES to re-derive the checked state — which now works
-        -- here, and the tails below do exactly it through `IsBagOpen` — and reach for
-        -- `PutItemInBag` / `PickupBagFromSlot`, which this client still does not bind (our
-        -- equip/swap arm is the paper doll's `PickupInventoryItem`, 0208 1b). That second half is
-        -- what still keeps `Interface\FrameXML\MainMenuBarBagButtons.xml` out of the manifest:
-        -- sourcing it today hands every caller a body that raises on a verb we have not built.
-        -- Those two verbs are the bag BAR's migration ticket, and this file is what it replaces.
-        function BagSlotButton_OnClick()
-            BenillaBagBarSlot_OnClick(this)
-        end
-
-        -- The drag arm: ref picks the equipped bag up with PickupBagFromSlot; ours is the same
-        -- PickupInventoryItem transition the bar slots already use, so an empty cursor picks the
-        -- bag up and a held bag places it.
-        function BagSlotButton_OnDrag()
-            BenillaBagBarSlot_Place(this)
-        end
-
-        -- Shift-click opens every bag if this slot HOLDS one (ref l.38-41 verbatim), then re-reads
-        -- the checked state off our own window the way BenillaBagBarSlot_OnClick's tail does.
-        function BagSlotButton_OnShiftClick()
-            if GetInventoryItemTexture("player", this:GetID()) then
-                OpenAllBags()
-            end
-            this:SetChecked(this.bagId and IsBagOpen(this.bagId) and 1 or nil)
-        end
-
-        -- ref OnLeave for both (l.100-102 / the template's own): a plain Hide, no fade — the item
-        -- half of the split BenillaUnitFrame_OnLeave's comment describes.
-        function BenillaBagBarButton_OnLeave()
-            if GameTooltip then GameTooltip:Hide() end
-        end
-
-        -- ref KeyRingButton's OnLoad/OnClick/OnReceiveDrag (MainMenuBarBagButtons.xml l.142-199).
-        -- The button is authored HIDDEN and only ever revealed by MainMenuBar_UpdateKeyRing
-        -- (ActionBar.xml), which is where the whole show/hide law and its divergence note live.
-        function BenillaKeyRingButton_OnLoad(button)
-            button:SetID(KEYRING_CONTAINER)
-            button:RegisterForClicks("LeftButtonUp", "RightButtonUp")
-            button:RegisterForDrag("LeftButton")
-            -- The ref watches PLAYER_ENTERING_WORLD / VARIABLES_LOADED / BAG_UPDATE on the bar's art
-            -- frame; with no saved variable there is nothing for VARIABLES_LOADED to restore, and
-            -- BAG_UPDATE is what actually carries "a key just arrived".
-            button:RegisterEvent("PLAYER_ENTERING_WORLD")
-            button:RegisterEvent("BAG_UPDATE")
-            if BenillaActionBarArt_SeatAbove then BenillaActionBarArt_SeatAbove(button) end
-            BenillaKeyRingButton_OnEvent()
-        end
-
-        function BenillaKeyRingButton_OnEvent()
-            if MainMenuBar_UpdateKeyRing then MainMenuBar_UpdateKeyRing() end
-        end
-
-        function BenillaKeyRingButton_OnClick(button)
-            -- Holding something ⇒ file it; empty-handed ⇒ open/close the keyring (ref l.166-173).
-            if CursorHasItem() then
-                PutKeyInKeyRing()
-            else
-                ToggleKeyRing()
-            end
-            -- Re-derive the lit ring from the window, the same provisional-toggle tail every other
-            -- bag-bar button uses. The keyring's window is an ordinary ContainerFrame now, so this
-            -- is the same `IsBagOpen` scan as the four bag slots', at KEYRING_CONTAINER.
-            button:SetChecked(IsBagOpen(KEYRING_CONTAINER) and 1 or nil)
-        end
-
-        -- ref l.180-184: the plain KEYRING title plus the ref's own empty AddLine (which reserves
-        -- the second row the binding key would print into — we ship no TOGGLEKEYRING binding, the
-        -- same gap the bag slots' "(F1)".."(F4)" suffixes have).
-        function BenillaKeyRingButton_OnEnter(button)
-            if not GameTooltip then return end
-            GameTooltip:SetOwner(button, "ANCHOR_LEFT")
-            GameTooltip:SetText(KEYRING, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0)
-        end
-
-        function BenillaBagBarSlot_Update(button)
-            local invSlot = BenillaBagBarSlot_InvSlot(button)
-            local texture = GetInventoryItemTexture("player", invSlot)
-            button.icon:SetTexture(texture or "Interface\\PaperDoll\\UI-PaperDoll-Slot-Bag")
-            -- Dim while the bag is up on the cursor or a pending equip is in flight (the doll's own
-            -- drag feedback, IsInventoryItemLocked — the bag-slot twin of BenillaBagSlot_Update).
-            if IsInventoryItemLocked(invSlot) then
-                button.icon:SetVertexColor(0.4, 0.4, 0.4)
-            elseif button:IsEnabled() ~= 0 then
-                button.icon:SetVertexColor(1, 1, 1)
-            else
-                -- Disabled by Disable_BagButtons below: keep the grey. The reference needs no such
-                -- arm — its desaturation is a shader flag on the texture, untouched by an Update
-                -- that only re-sets the image — but ours IS a vertex colour (UiPanels.xml
-                -- SetDesaturation), so a bag update behind the open game menu would otherwise
-                -- repaint the icon bright under a button that stayed dead.
-                button.icon:SetVertexColor(0.5, 0.5, 0.5)
-            end
-        end
-
-        -- ── The item-push drop animation (decision 0887) ─────────────────────────────────────────
-        -- An item lands in a bag: its icon pops in above the bag bar, hangs there, then falls into
-        -- the button that took it and shrinks away. ref ItemAnim (MainMenuBarBagButtons.xml l.4-16 +
-        -- .lua l.68-80, .lua l.92-94): each bag button owns a hidden child that, on ITEM_PUSH
-        -- naming its own container, swaps in the pushed item's icon, rewinds to sequence time 0 and
-        -- shows itself; OnAnimFinished hides it again. A second push on the same button RESTARTS it
-        -- (SetSequenceTime(0,0)); pushes into different bags run independently. That is exactly the
-        -- machine below, with the reference's ITEM_PUSH `arg1` translated from its inventory-slot
-        -- vocabulary (20..23) into ours (bagId 1..4) app-side — ui_loot.rs `push_container` carries
-        -- the byte-verified selector.
-        --
-        -- The reference's is a <Model> playing Interface\ItemAnimations\ForcedBackpackItem.mdx — a
-        -- single 4-vertex quad on one animated bone, i.e. a 2D icon card with keyframed scale, alpha
-        -- and offset. benilla has no Model widget (decision 0137's Cooldown took the same posture:
-        -- model the mechanism, let our own renderer draw it), so it is a Texture driven by the
-        -- model's OWN tracks, read out of the shipped .m2 with `benilla-extract m2anim`/`m2bones`:
-        --
-        --   sequence 0, CLAMP (plays once), duration 1.000 s
-        --   texture-weight (alpha)  0.000→0.0  0.133→1.0  0.267→1.0  1.000→0.0     linear
-        --   bone 0 scale            0.000→1.0  0.133→1.2  0.267→1.0  1.000→0.014   linear
-        --   bone 0 translation      0.000→(0,0)  0.500→(0,0)  1.000→(+0.010,-0.040)
-        --   the quad itself: 0.03 x 0.03 model units, blend Alpha, unlit, no depth write
-        --
-        -- So: fade in over the first 133 ms while swelling to 1.2x; settle back to full size by
-        -- 267 ms; from there dwindle and fade continuously for the remaining 733 ms — while the
-        -- POSITION holds until the half-second and only then falls. The three tracks deliberately
-        -- do not share a schedule: the card is already down to ~0.69 size and ~0.68 alpha when it
-        -- starts moving, so the drop reads as the icon being drawn into the bag rather than as a
-        -- solid tile sliding. Those numbers are the file's, not ours.
-        --
-        -- THE MODEL-UNIT → PIXEL SCALE is no longer ours to calibrate: the <Model> widget's
-        -- projection is RE-recorded now (wow-re `system/ui/scratch/modelframe-animation-clock.md`,
-        -- dispatched over the pet bar's B228 and folded back with it). The ortho leg gives
-        --
-        --     px per model unit = (5/3) * modelScale * layoutScale * screenHeightPx
-        --
-        -- which in FrameXML units is **1280 * modelScale * layoutScale**, aspect- and
-        -- resolution-independent, with the model ORIGIN at the frame rect's bottom-left. The ref's
-        -- `ItemAnimTemplate` (MainMenuBarBagButtons.xml:4) carries **no `scale` attribute**, so
-        -- modelScale is 1 and the constant is a flat 1280. Decision 0887's named gap is closed.
-        --
-        -- This REPLACES a back-fit, and the back-fit is worth naming because it looked like
-        -- evidence. The old 1200 came from assuming CooldownFrameTemplate's 0.04-unit sweep
-        -- *exactly* covers a 36 px action button at its scale="0.75" (⇒ K = 1200). The assumption
-        -- is the error: at the real projection that sweep is 0.04 · 1280 · 0.75 = **38.4 px**, so
-        -- it overhangs its button by 6.7% rather than fitting it — exactly as the autocast shine's
-        -- 30.72 px square overhangs its 30 px button. Solving against a wrong premise produced a
-        -- number that then "cross-checked" against a second model derived the same wrong way, and
-        -- both files cited the agreement as the reason to trust it.
-        --
-        -- Everything below is the model's own ratios times this constant, so the correction lands
-        -- in one place and the animation stays in proportion.
-        BENILLA_ITEM_PUSH_PX_PER_UNIT = 1280
-        BENILLA_ITEM_PUSH_DURATION = 1.0
-
-        -- ── The widget rect, and why the card is not placed against the button ─────────────────
-        -- A `<Model>` with no `<Size>` and no `setAllPoints` takes its rect from the **M2 header
-        -- bounding box** (`MD20+0xB4`, max−min per axis), consumed RAW as layout units — unlike
-        -- CSimpleTexture's texel fallback, there is no AbsDimension conversion. So the ref's
-        -- ItemAnim widget is **42.41 x 124.72**, nothing like the 36-square everyone assumes from
-        -- looking at the XML, and **model-space (0,0,0) lands on that rect's BOTTOM-LEFT corner**.
-        -- (wow-re `system/ui/scratch/modelframe-implicit-size-law.md`, §5-cross-checked: vtable
-        -- 0x81c5d8 +0x1c/+0x20 -> 0x76d080/0x76d0d0, bbox source 0x713640 at `713661 add esi,0xb4`.
-        -- The one worker who read `MD20+0xD0` — the VertexBox — got an all-zero box and concluded
-        -- the widget was degenerate; that wrong premise is exactly what the pair round exists to
-        -- catch, and it is why this looked unresolvable in 0887.)
-        --
-        -- That rect is the whole reason this animation reads the way it does: it stands 124.72 tall
-        -- off the button's own bottom edge, so the card's travel band reaches **54 px above the
-        -- button's top**. Decision 0887 could not know that and placed the card against the
-        -- button's CENTER instead, which is what put it in the wrong place in x and gave it no
-        -- horizontal drift at all.
-        BENILLA_ITEM_PUSH_FRAME_W = 42.41
-        BENILLA_ITEM_PUSH_FRAME_H = 124.72
-        -- Where that rect hangs off the button: the ref anchors the widget's BOTTOMRIGHT to the
-        -- button's, 10 in from the right for the five bag buttons and flush (0) for the keyring —
-        -- MainMenuBarBagButtons.xml l.19-27 (BagSlotButtonTemplate) and l.152-160 (KeyRingButton).
-        -- Per-button, so it is an OnLoad argument, not a constant.
-        BENILLA_ITEM_PUSH_ANCHOR_X = -10
-
-        -- ── The model's own numbers, unrounded ────────────────────────────────────────────────
-        -- Every one of these was rounded in 0887 and every rounding moved the card. The quad span
-        -- read as 0.03 (it is 0.0288 — a 4% size error), and the translation as (0.010, -0.040)
-        -- (which alone accounts for half a pixel of the landing point).
-        --
-        -- The bone transform is `v' = pivot + T(t) + S(t) * (v - pivot)` — three wow-re workers
-        -- derived that independently in three matrix conventions and agreed. The pivot
-        -- (M2CompBone+0x60) is NOT the quad's centre: it sits 0.23 px right and 0.07 px above it,
-        -- so the card shrinks *almost* in place and drifts a fifth of a pixel doing it. Keeping
-        -- the pivot as its own term rather than folding it into the centre is what makes this
-        -- reproduce the reference exactly at all three sampled times instead of nearly.
-        -- Bone 0's ROTATION track is empty (nKeys = 0), so there is no roll to model.
-        BENILLA_ITEM_PUSH_PIVOT_X = 0.017580900341272354
-        BENILLA_ITEM_PUSH_PIVOT_Y = 0.053958501666784286
-        BENILLA_ITEM_PUSH_QUAD_X  = 0.017400000942870975
-        BENILLA_ITEM_PUSH_QUAD_Y  = 0.053900001570582390
-        BENILLA_ITEM_PUSH_QUAD_SPAN = 0.028800001833587885
-
-        -- {time, value} keyframes, linear between (M2 track interpolation 1) — the file's own keys,
-        -- at full precision. The three tracks keep DIFFERENT schedules and that is the whole feel:
-        -- the card fades up while swelling to 1.2x over 133 ms, settles back to full size at
-        -- 267 ms, then dwindles and fades *continuously* for the remaining 733 ms — while its
-        -- position holds until the half second and only then falls. So it is already at ~0.69 size
-        -- and ~0.68 alpha when it starts to move, and it is invisible by the time it lands.
-        BENILLA_ITEM_PUSH_ALPHA = { {0.000, 0.0}, {0.133, 1.0}, {0.267, 1.0}, {1.000, 0.0} }
-        BENILLA_ITEM_PUSH_SCALE = { {0.000, 1.0}, {0.133, 1.2000000476837158}, {0.267, 1.0}, {1.000, 0.01441549975425005} }
-        -- Translation is per-AXIS: the card falls 51.4 px and drifts 13.3 px RIGHT, so one shared
-        -- 0..1 "drop" curve (0887's shape) cannot express it — the old code had no horizontal term
-        -- at all and moved the card the wrong way in x when it inferred one.
-        BENILLA_ITEM_PUSH_TRANS_X = { {0.000, 0.0}, {0.500, 0.0}, {1.000,  0.010394600220024586} }
-        BENILLA_ITEM_PUSH_TRANS_Y = { {0.000, 0.0}, {0.500, 0.0}, {1.000, -0.040167398750782013} }
-
-        -- Sample a {time, value} keyframe list at `t`, linear between keys, clamped at both ends
-        -- (the M2 sampler's own shape for a CLAMP sequence).
-        function BenillaItemPushAnim_Sample(track, t)
-            local last = table.getn(track)
-            if t <= track[1][1] then return track[1][2] end
-            for i = 2, last do
-                local key = track[i]
-                if t <= key[1] then
-                    local prev = track[i - 1]
-                    local span = key[1] - prev[1]
-                    if span <= 0 then return key[2] end
-                    return prev[2] + (key[2] - prev[2]) * (t - prev[1]) / span
-                end
-            end
-            return track[last][2]
-        end
-
-        -- Place/size/fade the card for the current clock, from the model's own transform.
-        --
-        -- The card's centre in MODEL space is `pivot + T(t) + S(t)*(quadCentre - pivot)`; times the
-        -- projection constant that is its offset in layout units from the model origin, which is
-        -- the widget rect's bottom-left corner. The rect's own BOTTOMRIGHT hangs off the button's,
-        -- so the card is placed against the BUTTON'S BOTTOMRIGHT — never its centre — and the
-        -- frame width is what converts between the two.
-        --
-        -- On screen: a button-sized card appears with its bottom edge ~13.6 px ABOVE the button's
-        -- top, pops to 1.2x and back while fading in, hangs there through the first half second,
-        -- then falls down-and-right INTO the button, shrinking to a half-pixel point at its centre
-        -- as it fades out. Reproduces the reference at t = 0, 0.133 and 1.0 to the hundredth of a
-        -- pixel (`modelframe-implicit-size-law.md` §3's table).
-        --
-        -- NOT modelled, deliberately, and both are named in the record: the reference's widget
-        -- CLIPS the card to its own rect, which shaves 1.94 px off the right edge at the 1.2x peak
-        -- **at 4:3 only** (16:10 and 16:9 clear it); and the widget clears the depth buffer inside
-        -- that 124.72-tall rect every paint. benilla draws this as a Texture, not a Model, so it
-        -- inherits neither — reproducing an aspect-conditional sliver would be hard-coding a
-        -- rendering artefact rather than modelling the mechanism that causes it.
-        function BenillaItemPushAnim_Paint(anim)
-            local t = anim.elapsed
-            local k = BENILLA_ITEM_PUSH_PX_PER_UNIT
-            local scale = BenillaItemPushAnim_Sample(BENILLA_ITEM_PUSH_SCALE, t)
-            local size = BENILLA_ITEM_PUSH_QUAD_SPAN * scale * k
-            local cx = (BENILLA_ITEM_PUSH_PIVOT_X
-                + BenillaItemPushAnim_Sample(BENILLA_ITEM_PUSH_TRANS_X, t)
-                + scale * (BENILLA_ITEM_PUSH_QUAD_X - BENILLA_ITEM_PUSH_PIVOT_X)) * k
-            local cy = (BENILLA_ITEM_PUSH_PIVOT_Y
-                + BenillaItemPushAnim_Sample(BENILLA_ITEM_PUSH_TRANS_Y, t)
-                + scale * (BENILLA_ITEM_PUSH_QUAD_Y - BENILLA_ITEM_PUSH_PIVOT_Y)) * k
-            anim:SetWidth(size)
-            anim:SetHeight(size)
-            anim:SetPoint("CENTER", anim:GetParent(), "BOTTOMRIGHT",
-                anim.anchorX - BENILLA_ITEM_PUSH_FRAME_W + cx, cy)
-            anim:SetAlpha(BenillaItemPushAnim_Sample(BENILLA_ITEM_PUSH_ALPHA, t))
-        end
-
-        -- ref ItemAnim_OnLoad (l.68-70): the card listens for ITEM_PUSH and nothing else. It is
-        -- authored hidden, so it costs no OnUpdate until a push shows it (events reach hidden
-        -- frames; OnUpdate does not — the reference's own split).
-        function BenillaItemPushAnim_OnLoad(anim, containerId, anchorX)
-            anim.containerId = containerId
-            -- The widget's own offset from the button's BOTTOMRIGHT: -10 for the five bag buttons,
-            -- flush 0 for the keyring (the ref's two different anchors — see the constant block).
-            anim.anchorX = anchorX or BENILLA_ITEM_PUSH_ANCHOR_X
-            anim.icon = getglobal(anim:GetName() .. "Icon")
-            anim.elapsed = 0
-            anim:RegisterEvent("ITEM_PUSH")
-        end
-
-        -- ref ItemAnim_OnEvent (l.72-80): `if this:GetParent():GetID() == arg1`, then
-        -- ReplaceIconTexture(arg2) / SetSequence(0) / SetSequenceTime(0,0) / Show. A push into a bag
-        -- with no button (a bank bag) matches nothing and animates nowhere, there and here.
-        function BenillaItemPushAnim_OnEvent(anim)
-            if arg1 ~= anim.containerId then return end
-            anim.icon:SetTexture(arg2)
-            anim.elapsed = 0
-            -- Seat the card above its button rather than at load: the bag bar's own level is set in
-            -- the BUTTON's OnLoad (BenillaActionBarArt_SeatAbove), which the loader may run after
-            -- this child exists. Re-deriving it per push is one call and can never read it stale.
-            anim:SetFrameLevel(anim:GetParent():GetFrameLevel() + 1)
-            BenillaItemPushAnim_Paint(anim)
-            anim:Show()
-        end
-
-        -- The CLAMP sequence's end is the ref's OnAnimFinished → this:Hide() (l.92-94).
-        function BenillaItemPushAnim_OnUpdate(anim, elapsed)
-            anim.elapsed = anim.elapsed + (elapsed or 0)
-            if anim.elapsed >= BENILLA_ITEM_PUSH_DURATION then
-                anim:Hide()
-                return
-            end
-            BenillaItemPushAnim_Paint(anim)
-        end
-
-        -- The bag BAR's five buttons (the backpack toggle + the four equipped-bag slots) — the row
-        -- Disable_/Enable_BagButtons greys as a unit. Distinct from UiPanels.xml's BAG_WINDOWS,
-        -- which is the five bag *windows* those buttons open.
-        BENILLA_BAG_BUTTONS = { "MainMenuBarBackpackButton", "CharacterBag0Slot", "CharacterBag1Slot",
-                                "CharacterBag2Slot", "CharacterBag3Slot" }
-
-        -- Disable_BagButtons / Enable_BagButtons — ref MainMenuBarBagButtons.lua l.102-128, called
-        -- by GameMenuFrame's OnShow/OnHide (decision 0674) and by nothing else: while the game menu
-        -- holds the screen, the whole bag row greys out. That is the *visible* half of a rule the
-        -- panel manager already enforces (ShowUIPanel's native-center gate refuses every window
-        -- while the menu is up — UiPanels.xml `CanOpenPanels`); without it the bags would look
-        -- clickable and simply do nothing.
-        --
-        -- Mapping onto benilla's row: the ref's MainMenuBarBackpackButton is MainMenuBarBackpackButton and
-        -- CharacterBag0..3Slot are CharacterBag0Slot..4 — and in BOTH cases the greying goes onto
-        -- the button's `$parentIcon` LAYER texture, never onto a state texture. That is the
-        -- reference's own structure and it is load-bearing here: a disabled button draws its
-        -- DisabledTexture, and with none set it draws no state texture at all
-        -- (`ButtonState::region_visible`), so greying a NormalTexture would grey something already
-        -- gone. The four slots' UI-Quickslot2 rings ARE state textures and do vanish while
-        -- disabled unless the slot states one explicitly — so what you should see is the
-        -- ring stay put and the bag icon grey — which is why each slot repeats its ring as
-        -- DisabledTexture (see the slot instances below).
-        function Disable_BagButtons()
-            for _, button in ipairs(BENILLA_BAG_BUTTONS) do
-                local b = getglobal(button)
-                b:Disable()
-                SetDesaturation(b.icon, 1)
-            end
-        end
-
-        function Enable_BagButtons()
-            for _, button in ipairs(BENILLA_BAG_BUTTONS) do
-                local b = getglobal(button)
-                b:Enable()
-                SetDesaturation(b.icon, nil)
-            end
-            -- The four slots' own paint decides their restored colour: an item locked on the cursor
-            -- wants its 0.4 grey back, which the un-desaturate above does not restore (it clears
-            -- the greyscale flag, not the tint).
-            for i = 1, 4 do
-                BenillaBagBarSlot_Update(getglobal("CharacterBag" .. (i - 1) .. "Slot"))
-            end
-        end
-    ]]></Script>
-
-    <!--
-        The backpack toggle, RELOCATED onto the main action bar's right side so the bar reads whole
-        (the real client's MainMenuBarBackpackButton, ref-MainMenuBarBagButtons.xml l.54-64): a 37x37
-        button parented/anchored to the bar art frame at BOTTOMRIGHT (-6,2). Its behavior (toggle the
-        backpack window) is unchanged; only its seat moved from the free-floating screen corner onto
-        the bar. (MainMenuBarArtFrame is defined in ActionBar.xml, which the loader loads before
-        this file; the anchor resolves by name.)
-    -->
-    <CheckButton name="MainMenuBarBackpackButton" id="0" parent="MainMenuBarArtFrame">
-        <Size><AbsDimension x="37" y="37"/></Size>
-        <Anchors>
-            <Anchor point="BOTTOMRIGHT" relativeTo="MainMenuBarArtFrame" relativePoint="BOTTOMRIGHT">
-                <Offset><AbsDimension x="-6" y="2"/></Offset>
-            </Anchor>
-        </Anchors>
-        <!-- The backpack art is a LAYER texture, not the NormalTexture — the reference's own
-             structure (MainMenuBarBackpackButton inherits ItemButtonTemplate and sets
-             `MainMenuBarBackpackButtonIconTexture` in its OnLoad; the state textures are the
-             template's ring). It matters because `Disable_BagButtons` (decision 0674) disables this
-             button while the game menu is up, and a *state* texture with no DisabledTexture beside
-             it is not drawn in the disabled state (`ButtonState::region_visible` — the byte rule at
-             `SetState 0x779790`), so the backpack icon vanished outright instead of greying
-             (director-reported). As a layer it is untouched by button state, exactly like the four
-             bag-bar slots' own `$parentIcon`, and the greying is the vertex tint on it. -->
-        <Layers>
-            <Layer level="BACKGROUND">
-                <Texture name="$parentIconTexture" file="Interface\Buttons\Button-Backpack-Up"/>
-            </Layer>
-        </Layers>
-        <!-- The item-push drop card (decision 0887, BenillaItemPushAnim_* above) — the ref's
-             $parentItemAnim, one per bag button, container id 0 = the backpack. -->
-        <Frames>
-            <Frame name="$parentItemAnim" hidden="true">
-                <Size><AbsDimension x="36" y="36"/></Size>
-                <Anchors><Anchor point="CENTER"/></Anchors>
-                <Layers>
-                    <Layer level="OVERLAY">
-                        <Texture name="$parentIcon" setAllPoints="true"/>
-                    </Layer>
-                </Layers>
-                <Scripts>
-                    <OnLoad>BenillaItemPushAnim_OnLoad(self, 0)</OnLoad>
-                    <OnEvent>BenillaItemPushAnim_OnEvent(self)</OnEvent>
-                    <OnUpdate>BenillaItemPushAnim_OnUpdate(self, arg1)</OnUpdate>
-                </Scripts>
-            </Frame>
-        </Frames>
-        <HighlightTexture file="Interface\Buttons\ButtonHilight-Square" alphaMode="ADD"/>
-        <!-- The lit ring while the backpack window is open (ref MainMenuBarBackpackButton
-             l.104) — a CheckButton like the ref's; OnShow/OnHide of the window drive it. -->
-        <CheckedTexture file="Interface\Buttons\CheckButtonHilight" alphaMode="ADD"/>
-        <Scripts>
-            <!-- Seat the backpack icon above the bar art too (same reason as the bag-bar slots —
-                 BenillaActionBarArt_SeatAbove's comment). -->
-            <OnLoad>
-                self.icon = getglobal("MainMenuBarBackpackButtonIconTexture")
-                if BenillaActionBarArt_SeatAbove then BenillaActionBarArt_SeatAbove(self) end
-            </OnLoad>
-            <!-- The undo repairs the CheckButton widget's own pre-handler flip; from there the
-                 checked state belongs to the windows' OnShow/OnHide writes (ours and any
-                 addon's) — the stated divergence at BenillaBagToggle_OnClick's comment.
-                 The shift fork is the ref's own (MainMenuBarBagButtons.xml l.81-87): the button
-                 carries the SAME pair of knobs the B / SHIFT-B keys do (1494), so a shift-click
-                 opens all bags and a plain one toggles the backpack. -->
-            <OnClick>
-                self:SetChecked(not self:GetChecked())
-                if IsShiftKeyDown() then
-                    OpenAllBags()
-                else
-                    BenillaBagToggle_OnClick()
-                end
-            </OnClick>
-            <OnEnter>BenillaBagToggle_OnEnter(self)</OnEnter>
-            <OnLeave>BenillaBagBarButton_OnLeave()</OnLeave>
-        </Scripts>
-    </CheckButton>
-
-    <!--
-        The bag bar (decision 0216 slice 2, BenillaBagBarSlot_* above): four 36×36 buttons to the
-        LEFT of MainMenuBarBackpackButton, mirroring the reference CharacterBag0..3Slot row. Bar slot N (1..4)
-        sits at chain position N counting away from the backpack button — CharacterBag0Slot (bagId
-        1, Bag0Slot) is CLOSEST to the backpack, CharacterBag3Slot (bagId 4, Bag3Slot) FARTHEST —
-        the real bar's own left-to-right order. Sized to MATCH the action buttons (36×36 icon in a
-        66×66 UI-Quickslot2 ring, 6px chain gap = the 42px stride), so the bag icons fill their slots
-        exactly like the spell icons instead of floating undersized (the earlier 30×30 guess).
-    -->
-    <CheckButton name="CharacterBag0Slot" parent="MainMenuBarArtFrame">
-        <Size><AbsDimension x="36" y="36"/></Size>
-        <Anchors>
-            <Anchor point="RIGHT" relativeTo="MainMenuBarBackpackButton" relativePoint="LEFT"><Offset><AbsDimension x="-6" y="0"/></Offset></Anchor>
-        </Anchors>
-        <Layers><Layer level="BACKGROUND"><Texture name="$parentIconTexture"/></Layer></Layers>
-        <!-- The item-push drop card (decision 0887, BenillaItemPushAnim_* above) — the ref's
-             $parentItemAnim, one per bag button; container id 1. -->
-        <Frames>
-            <Frame name="$parentItemAnim" hidden="true">
-                <Size><AbsDimension x="36" y="36"/></Size>
-                <Anchors><Anchor point="CENTER"/></Anchors>
-                <Layers>
-                    <Layer level="OVERLAY">
-                        <Texture name="$parentIcon" setAllPoints="true"/>
-                    </Layer>
-                </Layers>
-                <Scripts>
-                    <OnLoad>BenillaItemPushAnim_OnLoad(self, 1)</OnLoad>
-                    <OnEvent>BenillaItemPushAnim_OnEvent(self)</OnEvent>
-                    <OnUpdate>BenillaItemPushAnim_OnUpdate(self, arg1)</OnUpdate>
-                </Scripts>
-            </Frame>
-        </Frames>
-        <NormalTexture file="Interface\Buttons\UI-Quickslot2">
-            <Size><AbsDimension x="66" y="66"/></Size>
-            <Anchors><Anchor point="CENTER" relativePoint="CENTER"/></Anchors>
-        </NormalTexture>
-        <!-- The same ring again as the DISABLED art, so the slot keeps its frame while
-             Disable_BagButtons has the row greyed under the game menu (decision 0674). A button
-             with no DisabledTexture draws NO state texture when disabled
-             (`ButtonState::region_visible`) — the ring would blink out of the bar entirely. The
-             reference needs no such line because its widget keeps the previously shown texture up
-             when the new state's slot is empty (`SetState 0x779790`'s gated hide); ours states it
-             instead of relying on that. -->
-        <DisabledTexture file="Interface\Buttons\UI-Quickslot2">
-            <Size><AbsDimension x="66" y="66"/></Size>
-            <Anchors><Anchor point="CENTER" relativePoint="CENTER"/></Anchors>
-        </DisabledTexture>
-        <HighlightTexture file="Interface\Buttons\ButtonHilight-Square" alphaMode="ADD"/>
-        <!-- The lit ring while this bag's window is open (ref BagSlotButtonTemplate l.52). -->
-        <CheckedTexture file="Interface\Buttons\CheckButtonHilight" alphaMode="ADD"/>
-        <Scripts>
-            <OnLoad>BenillaBagBarSlot_OnLoad(self, 1)</OnLoad>
-            <OnClick>BenillaBagBarSlot_OnClick(self)</OnClick>
-            <OnEvent>BenillaBagBarSlot_OnEvent(self)</OnEvent>
-            <OnEnter>BagSlotButton_OnEnter()</OnEnter>
-            <OnLeave>BenillaBagBarButton_OnLeave()</OnLeave>
-            <!-- The drag trio: OnDragStart picks the equipped bag up, OnReceiveDrag drops a carried
-                 bag in — both the same PickupInventoryItem transition (empty cursor picks up, a held
-                 bag places), mirroring the paper-doll/bag-slot drag routing. -->
-            <OnDragStart>BenillaBagBarSlot_Place(self)</OnDragStart>
-            <OnReceiveDrag>BenillaBagBarSlot_Place(self)</OnReceiveDrag>
-        </Scripts>
-    </CheckButton>
-    <CheckButton name="CharacterBag1Slot" parent="MainMenuBarArtFrame">
-        <Size><AbsDimension x="36" y="36"/></Size>
-        <Anchors>
-            <Anchor point="RIGHT" relativeTo="CharacterBag0Slot" relativePoint="LEFT"><Offset><AbsDimension x="-6" y="0"/></Offset></Anchor>
-        </Anchors>
-        <Layers><Layer level="BACKGROUND"><Texture name="$parentIconTexture"/></Layer></Layers>
-        <!-- The item-push drop card (decision 0887, BenillaItemPushAnim_* above) — the ref's
-             $parentItemAnim, one per bag button; container id 2. -->
-        <Frames>
-            <Frame name="$parentItemAnim" hidden="true">
-                <Size><AbsDimension x="36" y="36"/></Size>
-                <Anchors><Anchor point="CENTER"/></Anchors>
-                <Layers>
-                    <Layer level="OVERLAY">
-                        <Texture name="$parentIcon" setAllPoints="true"/>
-                    </Layer>
-                </Layers>
-                <Scripts>
-                    <OnLoad>BenillaItemPushAnim_OnLoad(self, 2)</OnLoad>
-                    <OnEvent>BenillaItemPushAnim_OnEvent(self)</OnEvent>
-                    <OnUpdate>BenillaItemPushAnim_OnUpdate(self, arg1)</OnUpdate>
-                </Scripts>
-            </Frame>
-        </Frames>
-        <NormalTexture file="Interface\Buttons\UI-Quickslot2">
-            <Size><AbsDimension x="66" y="66"/></Size>
-            <Anchors><Anchor point="CENTER" relativePoint="CENTER"/></Anchors>
-        </NormalTexture>
-        <!-- The same ring again as the DISABLED art, so the slot keeps its frame while
-             Disable_BagButtons has the row greyed under the game menu (decision 0674). A button
-             with no DisabledTexture draws NO state texture when disabled
-             (`ButtonState::region_visible`) — the ring would blink out of the bar entirely. The
-             reference needs no such line because its widget keeps the previously shown texture up
-             when the new state's slot is empty (`SetState 0x779790`'s gated hide); ours states it
-             instead of relying on that. -->
-        <DisabledTexture file="Interface\Buttons\UI-Quickslot2">
-            <Size><AbsDimension x="66" y="66"/></Size>
-            <Anchors><Anchor point="CENTER" relativePoint="CENTER"/></Anchors>
-        </DisabledTexture>
-        <HighlightTexture file="Interface\Buttons\ButtonHilight-Square" alphaMode="ADD"/>
-        <CheckedTexture file="Interface\Buttons\CheckButtonHilight" alphaMode="ADD"/>
-        <Scripts>
-            <OnLoad>BenillaBagBarSlot_OnLoad(self, 2)</OnLoad>
-            <OnClick>BenillaBagBarSlot_OnClick(self)</OnClick>
-            <OnEvent>BenillaBagBarSlot_OnEvent(self)</OnEvent>
-            <OnEnter>BagSlotButton_OnEnter()</OnEnter>
-            <OnLeave>BenillaBagBarButton_OnLeave()</OnLeave>
-            <!-- The drag trio: OnDragStart picks the equipped bag up, OnReceiveDrag drops a carried
-                 bag in — both the same PickupInventoryItem transition (empty cursor picks up, a held
-                 bag places), mirroring the paper-doll/bag-slot drag routing. -->
-            <OnDragStart>BenillaBagBarSlot_Place(self)</OnDragStart>
-            <OnReceiveDrag>BenillaBagBarSlot_Place(self)</OnReceiveDrag>
-        </Scripts>
-    </CheckButton>
-    <CheckButton name="CharacterBag2Slot" parent="MainMenuBarArtFrame">
-        <Size><AbsDimension x="36" y="36"/></Size>
-        <Anchors>
-            <Anchor point="RIGHT" relativeTo="CharacterBag1Slot" relativePoint="LEFT"><Offset><AbsDimension x="-6" y="0"/></Offset></Anchor>
-        </Anchors>
-        <Layers><Layer level="BACKGROUND"><Texture name="$parentIconTexture"/></Layer></Layers>
-        <!-- The item-push drop card (decision 0887, BenillaItemPushAnim_* above) — the ref's
-             $parentItemAnim, one per bag button; container id 3. -->
-        <Frames>
-            <Frame name="$parentItemAnim" hidden="true">
-                <Size><AbsDimension x="36" y="36"/></Size>
-                <Anchors><Anchor point="CENTER"/></Anchors>
-                <Layers>
-                    <Layer level="OVERLAY">
-                        <Texture name="$parentIcon" setAllPoints="true"/>
-                    </Layer>
-                </Layers>
-                <Scripts>
-                    <OnLoad>BenillaItemPushAnim_OnLoad(self, 3)</OnLoad>
-                    <OnEvent>BenillaItemPushAnim_OnEvent(self)</OnEvent>
-                    <OnUpdate>BenillaItemPushAnim_OnUpdate(self, arg1)</OnUpdate>
-                </Scripts>
-            </Frame>
-        </Frames>
-        <NormalTexture file="Interface\Buttons\UI-Quickslot2">
-            <Size><AbsDimension x="66" y="66"/></Size>
-            <Anchors><Anchor point="CENTER" relativePoint="CENTER"/></Anchors>
-        </NormalTexture>
-        <!-- The same ring again as the DISABLED art, so the slot keeps its frame while
-             Disable_BagButtons has the row greyed under the game menu (decision 0674). A button
-             with no DisabledTexture draws NO state texture when disabled
-             (`ButtonState::region_visible`) — the ring would blink out of the bar entirely. The
-             reference needs no such line because its widget keeps the previously shown texture up
-             when the new state's slot is empty (`SetState 0x779790`'s gated hide); ours states it
-             instead of relying on that. -->
-        <DisabledTexture file="Interface\Buttons\UI-Quickslot2">
-            <Size><AbsDimension x="66" y="66"/></Size>
-            <Anchors><Anchor point="CENTER" relativePoint="CENTER"/></Anchors>
-        </DisabledTexture>
-        <HighlightTexture file="Interface\Buttons\ButtonHilight-Square" alphaMode="ADD"/>
-        <CheckedTexture file="Interface\Buttons\CheckButtonHilight" alphaMode="ADD"/>
-        <Scripts>
-            <OnLoad>BenillaBagBarSlot_OnLoad(self, 3)</OnLoad>
-            <OnClick>BenillaBagBarSlot_OnClick(self)</OnClick>
-            <OnEvent>BenillaBagBarSlot_OnEvent(self)</OnEvent>
-            <OnEnter>BagSlotButton_OnEnter()</OnEnter>
-            <OnLeave>BenillaBagBarButton_OnLeave()</OnLeave>
-            <!-- The drag trio: OnDragStart picks the equipped bag up, OnReceiveDrag drops a carried
-                 bag in — both the same PickupInventoryItem transition (empty cursor picks up, a held
-                 bag places), mirroring the paper-doll/bag-slot drag routing. -->
-            <OnDragStart>BenillaBagBarSlot_Place(self)</OnDragStart>
-            <OnReceiveDrag>BenillaBagBarSlot_Place(self)</OnReceiveDrag>
-        </Scripts>
-    </CheckButton>
-    <CheckButton name="CharacterBag3Slot" parent="MainMenuBarArtFrame">
-        <Size><AbsDimension x="36" y="36"/></Size>
-        <Anchors>
-            <Anchor point="RIGHT" relativeTo="CharacterBag2Slot" relativePoint="LEFT"><Offset><AbsDimension x="-6" y="0"/></Offset></Anchor>
-        </Anchors>
-        <Layers><Layer level="BACKGROUND"><Texture name="$parentIconTexture"/></Layer></Layers>
-        <!-- The item-push drop card (decision 0887, BenillaItemPushAnim_* above) — the ref's
-             $parentItemAnim, one per bag button; container id 4. -->
-        <Frames>
-            <Frame name="$parentItemAnim" hidden="true">
-                <Size><AbsDimension x="36" y="36"/></Size>
-                <Anchors><Anchor point="CENTER"/></Anchors>
-                <Layers>
-                    <Layer level="OVERLAY">
-                        <Texture name="$parentIcon" setAllPoints="true"/>
-                    </Layer>
-                </Layers>
-                <Scripts>
-                    <OnLoad>BenillaItemPushAnim_OnLoad(self, 4)</OnLoad>
-                    <OnEvent>BenillaItemPushAnim_OnEvent(self)</OnEvent>
-                    <OnUpdate>BenillaItemPushAnim_OnUpdate(self, arg1)</OnUpdate>
-                </Scripts>
-            </Frame>
-        </Frames>
-        <NormalTexture file="Interface\Buttons\UI-Quickslot2">
-            <Size><AbsDimension x="66" y="66"/></Size>
-            <Anchors><Anchor point="CENTER" relativePoint="CENTER"/></Anchors>
-        </NormalTexture>
-        <!-- The same ring again as the DISABLED art, so the slot keeps its frame while
-             Disable_BagButtons has the row greyed under the game menu (decision 0674). A button
-             with no DisabledTexture draws NO state texture when disabled
-             (`ButtonState::region_visible`) — the ring would blink out of the bar entirely. The
-             reference needs no such line because its widget keeps the previously shown texture up
-             when the new state's slot is empty (`SetState 0x779790`'s gated hide); ours states it
-             instead of relying on that. -->
-        <DisabledTexture file="Interface\Buttons\UI-Quickslot2">
-            <Size><AbsDimension x="66" y="66"/></Size>
-            <Anchors><Anchor point="CENTER" relativePoint="CENTER"/></Anchors>
-        </DisabledTexture>
-        <HighlightTexture file="Interface\Buttons\ButtonHilight-Square" alphaMode="ADD"/>
-        <CheckedTexture file="Interface\Buttons\CheckButtonHilight" alphaMode="ADD"/>
-        <Scripts>
-            <OnLoad>BenillaBagBarSlot_OnLoad(self, 4)</OnLoad>
-            <OnClick>BenillaBagBarSlot_OnClick(self)</OnClick>
-            <OnEvent>BenillaBagBarSlot_OnEvent(self)</OnEvent>
-            <OnEnter>BagSlotButton_OnEnter()</OnEnter>
-            <OnLeave>BenillaBagBarButton_OnLeave()</OnLeave>
-            <!-- The drag trio: OnDragStart picks the equipped bag up, OnReceiveDrag drops a carried
-                 bag in — both the same PickupInventoryItem transition (empty cursor picks up, a held
-                 bag places), mirroring the paper-doll/bag-slot drag routing. -->
-            <OnDragStart>BenillaBagBarSlot_Place(self)</OnDragStart>
-            <OnReceiveDrag>BenillaBagBarSlot_Place(self)</OnReceiveDrag>
-        </Scripts>
-    </CheckButton>
-
-    <!--
-        The keyring button (decision 0765) — ref KeyRingButton, MainMenuBarBagButtons.xml l.142-199.
-        Sits at the FAR left of the bag row, past CharacterBag3Slot (the ref's CharacterBag3Slot),
-        and is authored HIDDEN: nothing reveals it but MainMenuBar_UpdateKeyRing, and only
-        while HasKey() — the point being that a character with no key has no keyring at all, and the
-        bar's plate has no socket for one.
-
-        18x39 and the TexCoords are the ref's exactly, and they are not arbitrary: the three state
-        atlases are 32x64 holding one 18x39 button, so 18/32 = 0.5625 and 39/64 = 0.609375 crop it
-        1:1. The chain gap is OUR row's -6 rather than the ref's -5, so the button seats evenly
-        against the 36px slots this bar scaled its own row to.
-
-        Unlike the five bag buttons it is NOT in BENILLA_BAG_BUTTONS: its art is a state texture, not
-        an $parentIcon layer, so Disable_BagButtons' SetDesaturation(b.icon) has nothing to grey —
-        and the ref leaves it out of its own Disable_BagButtons for the same reason.
-    -->
-    <CheckButton name="KeyRingButton" parent="MainMenuBarArtFrame" hidden="true">
-        <Size><AbsDimension x="18" y="39"/></Size>
-        <Anchors>
-            <Anchor point="RIGHT" relativeTo="CharacterBag3Slot" relativePoint="LEFT"><Offset><AbsDimension x="-6" y="0"/></Offset></Anchor>
-        </Anchors>
-        <!-- The item-push drop card (decision 0887, BenillaItemPushAnim_* above) — the ref's
-             $parentItemAnim, one per bag button; container id -2 (KEYRING_CONTAINER). The ref gives
-             the keyring one too (MainMenuBarBagButtons.xml l.152-160), and the byte selector really
-             does reach it: a push landing in player-array slots 81..112 resolves to -2, not 0. -->
-        <Frames>
-            <Frame name="$parentItemAnim" hidden="true">
-                <Size><AbsDimension x="36" y="36"/></Size>
-                <Anchors><Anchor point="CENTER"/></Anchors>
-                <Layers>
-                    <Layer level="OVERLAY">
-                        <Texture name="$parentIcon" setAllPoints="true"/>
-                    </Layer>
-                </Layers>
-                <Scripts>
-                    <OnLoad>BenillaItemPushAnim_OnLoad(self, -2, 0)</OnLoad>
-                    <OnEvent>BenillaItemPushAnim_OnEvent(self)</OnEvent>
-                    <OnUpdate>BenillaItemPushAnim_OnUpdate(self, arg1)</OnUpdate>
-                </Scripts>
-            </Frame>
-        </Frames>
-        <NormalTexture file="Interface\Buttons\UI-Button-KeyRing">
-            <TexCoords left="0" right="0.5625" top="0" bottom="0.609375"/>
-        </NormalTexture>
-        <PushedTexture file="Interface\Buttons\UI-Button-KeyRing-Down">
-            <TexCoords left="0" right="0.5625" top="0" bottom="0.609375"/>
-        </PushedTexture>
-        <HighlightTexture file="Interface\Buttons\UI-Button-KeyRing-Highlight" alphaMode="ADD">
-            <TexCoords left="0" right="0.5625" top="0" bottom="0.609375"/>
-        </HighlightTexture>
-        <!-- The lit ring while the keyring window is open — the bag row's own convention
-             (the ref drives the same state through UpdateMicroButtons' SetButtonState). -->
-        <CheckedTexture file="Interface\Buttons\CheckButtonHilight" alphaMode="ADD"/>
-        <Scripts>
-            <OnLoad>BenillaKeyRingButton_OnLoad(self)</OnLoad>
-            <OnEvent>BenillaKeyRingButton_OnEvent()</OnEvent>
-            <OnClick>BenillaKeyRingButton_OnClick(self)</OnClick>
-            <OnEnter>BenillaKeyRingButton_OnEnter(self)</OnEnter>
-            <OnLeave>BenillaBagBarButton_OnLeave()</OnLeave>
-            <!-- A key dragged onto the button files itself, the ref's own OnReceiveDrag (l.174-178). -->
-            <OnReceiveDrag>PutKeyInKeyRing()</OnReceiveDrag>
-        </Scripts>
-    </CheckButton>
-</Ui>
diff --git a/crates/benilla-app/assets/ui/ContainerFrameAdapters.xml b/crates/benilla-app/assets/ui/ContainerFrameAdapters.xml
index 00e0e1f1..bc879b6b 100644
--- a/crates/benilla-app/assets/ui/ContainerFrameAdapters.xml
+++ b/crates/benilla-app/assets/ui/ContainerFrameAdapters.xml
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@
       Bongos_ActionBar, the CT_BarMod family) hook that global and call through; they now reach the
       real thing.
 
-    ── The one adapter, and why it is not a stub ────────────────────────────────────────────────
+    ── The adapters, and why neither is a stub ──────────────────────────────────────────────────
     `ContainerFrameItemButton_OnEnter` opens with a keyring fork (ref l.615-620):
 
         if this:GetParent():GetID() == KEYRING_CONTAINER then
@@ -118,5 +118,277 @@
         OpenBackpack = BenillaOpenBackpack
         CloseBackpack = BenillaCloseBackpack
         CloseAllBags = BenillaCloseAllBags
+
+        -- ══ THE ITEM-PUSH DROP CARD, over the reference's own bag bar (decision 0887) ═════════
+        --
+        -- The bar is `Interface\FrameXML\MainMenuBarBagButtons.xml` now (1751 window 3), and its
+        -- `ItemAnimTemplate` is a `<Model>` playing `Interface\ItemAnimations\ForcedBackpackItem.mdx`.
+        -- **This engine's `<Model>` holds the scene the Lua API reads and writes but draws no
+        -- pixels** (`script/modelframe.rs` — the pane is the app renderer's job and no renderer
+        -- claims a FrameXML model), so those six frames load, register, and animate nothing.
+        --
+        -- That is a genuine engine difference, which is the one thing 1751 §2 keeps an adapter
+        -- for. So the reference's file is sourced unedited — its Models exist and are harmless —
+        -- and the card the player actually sees is built HERE, as a sibling Frame + Texture on the
+        -- same six buttons, driven by the model's OWN keyframes read out of the shipped .m2. The
+        -- bodies below moved verbatim from the deleted `BagFrame.xml`; every number in them is
+        -- byte-derived and the comments carry their provenance.
+        --
+        -- ONE THING CHANGED IN THE MOVE, and it is the reason the swap needed thought at all.
+        -- `ItemAnim_OnEvent` matches on `this:GetParent():GetID()`, which for a bag button is its
+        -- INVENTORY-slot id (20..23, via `GetInventorySlotInfo`). benilla used to translate
+        -- `ITEM_PUSH`'s `arg1` into its own container vocabulary (1..4) because the old bar was
+        -- keyed that way, and against the reference's body that comparison is false for every bag
+        -- — four cards that would simply never have played, with nothing raising. The fix was not
+        -- to adapt the reference: `ui_loot.rs`'s `push_container` stopped translating and now emits
+        -- `0x491bb5`'s selector verbatim, which is what addons expect too. So the id a card matches
+        -- on is `button:GetID()`, exactly as the reference's own body reads it.
+        -- ── The item-push drop animation (decision 0887) ─────────────────────────────────────────
+        -- An item lands in a bag: its icon pops in above the bag bar, hangs there, then falls into
+        -- the button that took it and shrinks away. ref ItemAnim (MainMenuBarBagButtons.xml l.4-16 +
+        -- .lua l.68-80, .lua l.92-94): each bag button owns a hidden child that, on ITEM_PUSH
+        -- naming its own container, swaps in the pushed item's icon, rewinds to sequence time 0 and
+        -- shows itself; OnAnimFinished hides it again. A second push on the same button RESTARTS it
+        -- (SetSequenceTime(0,0)); pushes into different bags run independently. That is exactly the
+        -- machine below, with the reference's ITEM_PUSH `arg1` translated from its inventory-slot
+        -- vocabulary (20..23) into ours (bagId 1..4) app-side — ui_loot.rs `push_container` carries
+        -- the byte-verified selector.
+        --
+        -- The reference's is a <Model> playing Interface\ItemAnimations\ForcedBackpackItem.mdx — a
+        -- single 4-vertex quad on one animated bone, i.e. a 2D icon card with keyframed scale, alpha
+        -- and offset. benilla has no Model widget (decision 0137's Cooldown took the same posture:
+        -- model the mechanism, let our own renderer draw it), so it is a Texture driven by the
+        -- model's OWN tracks, read out of the shipped .m2 with `benilla-extract m2anim`/`m2bones`:
+        --
+        --   sequence 0, CLAMP (plays once), duration 1.000 s
+        --   texture-weight (alpha)  0.000→0.0  0.133→1.0  0.267→1.0  1.000→0.0     linear
+        --   bone 0 scale            0.000→1.0  0.133→1.2  0.267→1.0  1.000→0.014   linear
+        --   bone 0 translation      0.000→(0,0)  0.500→(0,0)  1.000→(+0.010,-0.040)
+        --   the quad itself: 0.03 x 0.03 model units, blend Alpha, unlit, no depth write
+        --
+        -- So: fade in over the first 133 ms while swelling to 1.2x; settle back to full size by
+        -- 267 ms; from there dwindle and fade continuously for the remaining 733 ms — while the
+        -- POSITION holds until the half-second and only then falls. The three tracks deliberately
+        -- do not share a schedule: the card is already down to ~0.69 size and ~0.68 alpha when it
+        -- starts moving, so the drop reads as the icon being drawn into the bag rather than as a
+        -- solid tile sliding. Those numbers are the file's, not ours.
+        --
+        -- THE MODEL-UNIT → PIXEL SCALE is no longer ours to calibrate: the <Model> widget's
+        -- projection is RE-recorded now (wow-re `system/ui/scratch/modelframe-animation-clock.md`,
+        -- dispatched over the pet bar's B228 and folded back with it). The ortho leg gives
+        --
+        --     px per model unit = (5/3) * modelScale * layoutScale * screenHeightPx
+        --
+        -- which in FrameXML units is **1280 * modelScale * layoutScale**, aspect- and
+        -- resolution-independent, with the model ORIGIN at the frame rect's bottom-left. The ref's
+        -- `ItemAnimTemplate` (MainMenuBarBagButtons.xml:4) carries **no `scale` attribute**, so
+        -- modelScale is 1 and the constant is a flat 1280. Decision 0887's named gap is closed.
+        --
+        -- This REPLACES a back-fit, and the back-fit is worth naming because it looked like
+        -- evidence. The old 1200 came from assuming CooldownFrameTemplate's 0.04-unit sweep
+        -- *exactly* covers a 36 px action button at its scale="0.75" (⇒ K = 1200). The assumption
+        -- is the error: at the real projection that sweep is 0.04 · 1280 · 0.75 = **38.4 px**, so
+        -- it overhangs its button by 6.7% rather than fitting it — exactly as the autocast shine's
+        -- 30.72 px square overhangs its 30 px button. Solving against a wrong premise produced a
+        -- number that then "cross-checked" against a second model derived the same wrong way, and
+        -- both files cited the agreement as the reason to trust it.
+        --
+        -- Everything below is the model's own ratios times this constant, so the correction lands
+        -- in one place and the animation stays in proportion.
+        BENILLA_ITEM_PUSH_PX_PER_UNIT = 1280
+        BENILLA_ITEM_PUSH_DURATION = 1.0
+
+        -- ── The widget rect, and why the card is not placed against the button ─────────────────
+        -- A `<Model>` with no `<Size>` and no `setAllPoints` takes its rect from the **M2 header
+        -- bounding box** (`MD20+0xB4`, max−min per axis), consumed RAW as layout units — unlike
+        -- CSimpleTexture's texel fallback, there is no AbsDimension conversion. So the ref's
+        -- ItemAnim widget is **42.41 x 124.72**, nothing like the 36-square everyone assumes from
+        -- looking at the XML, and **model-space (0,0,0) lands on that rect's BOTTOM-LEFT corner**.
+        -- (wow-re `system/ui/scratch/modelframe-implicit-size-law.md`, §5-cross-checked: vtable
+        -- 0x81c5d8 +0x1c/+0x20 -> 0x76d080/0x76d0d0, bbox source 0x713640 at `713661 add esi,0xb4`.
+        -- The one worker who read `MD20+0xD0` — the VertexBox — got an all-zero box and concluded
+        -- the widget was degenerate; that wrong premise is exactly what the pair round exists to
+        -- catch, and it is why this looked unresolvable in 0887.)
+        --
+        -- That rect is the whole reason this animation reads the way it does: it stands 124.72 tall
+        -- off the button's own bottom edge, so the card's travel band reaches **54 px above the
+        -- button's top**. Decision 0887 could not know that and placed the card against the
+        -- button's CENTER instead, which is what put it in the wrong place in x and gave it no
+        -- horizontal drift at all.
+        BENILLA_ITEM_PUSH_FRAME_W = 42.41
+        BENILLA_ITEM_PUSH_FRAME_H = 124.72
+        -- Where that rect hangs off the button: the ref anchors the widget's BOTTOMRIGHT to the
+        -- button's, 10 in from the right for the five bag buttons and flush (0) for the keyring —
+        -- MainMenuBarBagButtons.xml l.19-27 (BagSlotButtonTemplate) and l.152-160 (KeyRingButton).
+        -- Per-button, so it is an OnLoad argument, not a constant.
+        BENILLA_ITEM_PUSH_ANCHOR_X = -10
+
+        -- ── The model's own numbers, unrounded ────────────────────────────────────────────────
+        -- Every one of these was rounded in 0887 and every rounding moved the card. The quad span
+        -- read as 0.03 (it is 0.0288 — a 4% size error), and the translation as (0.010, -0.040)
+        -- (which alone accounts for half a pixel of the landing point).
+        --
+        -- The bone transform is `v' = pivot + T(t) + S(t) * (v - pivot)` — three wow-re workers
+        -- derived that independently in three matrix conventions and agreed. The pivot
+        -- (M2CompBone+0x60) is NOT the quad's centre: it sits 0.23 px right and 0.07 px above it,
+        -- so the card shrinks *almost* in place and drifts a fifth of a pixel doing it. Keeping
+        -- the pivot as its own term rather than folding it into the centre is what makes this
+        -- reproduce the reference exactly at all three sampled times instead of nearly.
+        -- Bone 0's ROTATION track is empty (nKeys = 0), so there is no roll to model.
+        BENILLA_ITEM_PUSH_PIVOT_X = 0.017580900341272354
+        BENILLA_ITEM_PUSH_PIVOT_Y = 0.053958501666784286
+        BENILLA_ITEM_PUSH_QUAD_X  = 0.017400000942870975
+        BENILLA_ITEM_PUSH_QUAD_Y  = 0.053900001570582390
+        BENILLA_ITEM_PUSH_QUAD_SPAN = 0.028800001833587885
+
+        -- {time, value} keyframes, linear between (M2 track interpolation 1) — the file's own keys,
+        -- at full precision. The three tracks keep DIFFERENT schedules and that is the whole feel:
+        -- the card fades up while swelling to 1.2x over 133 ms, settles back to full size at
+        -- 267 ms, then dwindles and fades *continuously* for the remaining 733 ms — while its
+        -- position holds until the half second and only then falls. So it is already at ~0.69 size
+        -- and ~0.68 alpha when it starts to move, and it is invisible by the time it lands.
+        BENILLA_ITEM_PUSH_ALPHA = { {0.000, 0.0}, {0.133, 1.0}, {0.267, 1.0}, {1.000, 0.0} }
+        BENILLA_ITEM_PUSH_SCALE = { {0.000, 1.0}, {0.133, 1.2000000476837158}, {0.267, 1.0}, {1.000, 0.01441549975425005} }
+        -- Translation is per-AXIS: the card falls 51.4 px and drifts 13.3 px RIGHT, so one shared
+        -- 0..1 "drop" curve (0887's shape) cannot express it — the old code had no horizontal term
+        -- at all and moved the card the wrong way in x when it inferred one.
+        BENILLA_ITEM_PUSH_TRANS_X = { {0.000, 0.0}, {0.500, 0.0}, {1.000,  0.010394600220024586} }
+        BENILLA_ITEM_PUSH_TRANS_Y = { {0.000, 0.0}, {0.500, 0.0}, {1.000, -0.040167398750782013} }
+
+        -- Sample a {time, value} keyframe list at `t`, linear between keys, clamped at both ends
+        -- (the M2 sampler's own shape for a CLAMP sequence).
+        function BenillaItemPushAnim_Sample(track, t)
+            local last = table.getn(track)
+            if t <= track[1][1] then return track[1][2] end
+            for i = 2, last do
+                local key = track[i]
+                if t <= key[1] then
+                    local prev = track[i - 1]
+                    local span = key[1] - prev[1]
+                    if span <= 0 then return key[2] end
+                    return prev[2] + (key[2] - prev[2]) * (t - prev[1]) / span
+                end
+            end
+            return track[last][2]
+        end
+
+        -- Place/size/fade the card for the current clock, from the model's own transform.
+        --
+        -- The card's centre in MODEL space is `pivot + T(t) + S(t)*(quadCentre - pivot)`; times the
+        -- projection constant that is its offset in layout units from the model origin, which is
+        -- the widget rect's bottom-left corner. The rect's own BOTTOMRIGHT hangs off the button's,
+        -- so the card is placed against the BUTTON'S BOTTOMRIGHT — never its centre — and the
+        -- frame width is what converts between the two.
+        --
+        -- On screen: a button-sized card appears with its bottom edge ~13.6 px ABOVE the button's
+        -- top, pops to 1.2x and back while fading in, hangs there through the first half second,
+        -- then falls down-and-right INTO the button, shrinking to a half-pixel point at its centre
+        -- as it fades out. Reproduces the reference at t = 0, 0.133 and 1.0 to the hundredth of a
+        -- pixel (`modelframe-implicit-size-law.md` §3's table).
+        --
+        -- NOT modelled, deliberately, and both are named in the record: the reference's widget
+        -- CLIPS the card to its own rect, which shaves 1.94 px off the right edge at the 1.2x peak
+        -- **at 4:3 only** (16:10 and 16:9 clear it); and the widget clears the depth buffer inside
+        -- that 124.72-tall rect every paint. benilla draws this as a Texture, not a Model, so it
+        -- inherits neither — reproducing an aspect-conditional sliver would be hard-coding a
+        -- rendering artefact rather than modelling the mechanism that causes it.
+        function BenillaItemPushAnim_Paint(anim)
+            local t = anim.elapsed
+            local k = BENILLA_ITEM_PUSH_PX_PER_UNIT
+            local scale = BenillaItemPushAnim_Sample(BENILLA_ITEM_PUSH_SCALE, t)
+            local size = BENILLA_ITEM_PUSH_QUAD_SPAN * scale * k
+            local cx = (BENILLA_ITEM_PUSH_PIVOT_X
+                + BenillaItemPushAnim_Sample(BENILLA_ITEM_PUSH_TRANS_X, t)
+                + scale * (BENILLA_ITEM_PUSH_QUAD_X - BENILLA_ITEM_PUSH_PIVOT_X)) * k
+            local cy = (BENILLA_ITEM_PUSH_PIVOT_Y
+                + BenillaItemPushAnim_Sample(BENILLA_ITEM_PUSH_TRANS_Y, t)
+                + scale * (BENILLA_ITEM_PUSH_QUAD_Y - BENILLA_ITEM_PUSH_PIVOT_Y)) * k
+            anim:SetWidth(size)
+            anim:SetHeight(size)
+            anim:SetPoint("CENTER", anim:GetParent(), "BOTTOMRIGHT",
+                anim.anchorX - BENILLA_ITEM_PUSH_FRAME_W + cx, cy)
+            anim:SetAlpha(BenillaItemPushAnim_Sample(BENILLA_ITEM_PUSH_ALPHA, t))
+        end
+
+        -- ref ItemAnim_OnLoad (l.68-70): the card listens for ITEM_PUSH and nothing else. It is
+        -- authored hidden, so it costs no OnUpdate until a push shows it (events reach hidden
+        -- frames; OnUpdate does not — the reference's own split).
+        function BenillaItemPushAnim_OnLoad(anim, containerId, anchorX)
+            anim.containerId = containerId
+            -- The widget's own offset from the button's BOTTOMRIGHT: -10 for the five bag buttons,
+            -- flush 0 for the keyring (the ref's two different anchors — see the constant block).
+            anim.anchorX = anchorX or BENILLA_ITEM_PUSH_ANCHOR_X
+            anim.icon = anim.icon or getglobal(anim:GetName() .. "Icon")
+            anim.elapsed = 0
+            anim:RegisterEvent("ITEM_PUSH")
+        end
+
+        -- ref ItemAnim_OnEvent (l.72-80): `if this:GetParent():GetID() == arg1`, then
+        -- ReplaceIconTexture(arg2) / SetSequence(0) / SetSequenceTime(0,0) / Show. A push into a bag
+        -- with no button (a bank bag) matches nothing and animates nowhere, there and here.
+        function BenillaItemPushAnim_OnEvent(anim)
+            if arg1 ~= anim.containerId then return end
+            anim.icon:SetTexture(arg2)
+            anim.elapsed = 0
+            -- Seat the card above its button rather than at load: the bag bar's own level is set in
+            -- the BUTTON's OnLoad (BenillaActionBarArt_SeatAbove), which the loader may run after
+            -- this child exists. Re-deriving it per push is one call and can never read it stale.
+            anim:SetFrameLevel(anim:GetParent():GetFrameLevel() + 1)
+            BenillaItemPushAnim_Paint(anim)
+            anim:Show()
+        end
+
+        -- The CLAMP sequence's end is the ref's OnAnimFinished → this:Hide() (l.92-94).
+        function BenillaItemPushAnim_OnUpdate(anim, elapsed)
+            anim.elapsed = anim.elapsed + (elapsed or 0)
+            if anim.elapsed >= BENILLA_ITEM_PUSH_DURATION then
+                anim:Hide()
+                return
+            end
+            BenillaItemPushAnim_Paint(anim)
+        end
+
+        -- The six buttons and the offset each one's card hangs at, read off the reference's own
+        -- anchors: BOTTOMRIGHT -10 for the five bag buttons (`BagSlotButtonTemplate` l.19-27 and
+        -- `MainMenuBarBackpackButton` l.69-77), flush 0 for the keyring (l.152-160).
+        BENILLA_ITEM_PUSH_BUTTONS = {
+            { "MainMenuBarBackpackButton", -10 },
+            { "CharacterBag0Slot", -10 },
+            { "CharacterBag1Slot", -10 },
+            { "CharacterBag2Slot", -10 },
+            { "CharacterBag3Slot", -10 },
+            { "KeyRingButton", 0 },
+        }
+
+        -- Build one button's card. Authored hidden, so it costs no OnUpdate until a push shows it
+        -- — the reference's own split (events reach hidden frames, OnUpdate does not).
+        --
+        -- Named `$parentBenillaItemPush` rather than `$parentItemAnim`: the reference's Model
+        -- already owns that name on every one of these buttons, and an addon that reaches for it
+        -- must find the reference's frame, not ours.
+        function BenillaItemPushAnim_Attach(button, anchorX)
+            local anim = CreateFrame("Frame", button:GetName() .. "BenillaItemPush", button)
+            anim:Hide()
+            anim:SetWidth(36)
+            anim:SetHeight(36)
+            anim:SetPoint("CENTER", button, "CENTER", 0, 0)
+            anim.icon = anim:CreateTexture(anim:GetName() .. "Icon", "OVERLAY")
+            anim.icon:SetAllPoints(anim)
+            BenillaItemPushAnim_OnLoad(anim, button:GetID(), anchorX)
+            anim:SetScript("OnEvent", function() BenillaItemPushAnim_OnEvent(this) end)
+            anim:SetScript("OnUpdate", function() BenillaItemPushAnim_OnUpdate(this, arg1) end)
+            return anim
+        end
+
+        -- At load, because the bar is entry 48 and this file is entry 50 — every button exists and
+        -- has run its own OnLoad, so `GetID()` is already the reference's. A button that is absent
+        -- (a harness that loaded no bar) is skipped rather than raising: the card is a flourish,
+        -- and a missing bar is not this file's error to report.
+        for _, entry in ipairs(BENILLA_ITEM_PUSH_BUTTONS) do
+            local button = getglobal(entry[1])
+            if button then
+                BenillaItemPushAnim_Attach(button, entry[2])
+            end
+        end
     ]]></Script>
 </Ui>
diff --git a/crates/benilla-app/assets/ui/ItemSlotButtonTemplates.xml b/crates/benilla-app/assets/ui/ItemSlotButtonTemplates.xml
index dae01e53..fa8c45b1 100644
--- a/crates/benilla-app/assets/ui/ItemSlotButtonTemplates.xml
+++ b/crates/benilla-app/assets/ui/ItemSlotButtonTemplates.xml
@@ -67,36 +67,10 @@
         </Scripts>
     </Button>
 
-    <!-- Ref MainMenuBarBagButtons.xml l.17-53. A CheckButton over a Button template — the checked
-         ring is the "this bag's window is open" light, which is why the type changes at this rung.
-         `$parentItemAnim` is the ref's item-push card; ours is BenillaItemPushAnim_* (0887), and the
-         template cannot carry it because the reference's ItemAnimTemplate binds a per-instance
-         container id our four hand-wired slots pass explicitly. A template-built button therefore
-         gets no push animation, which is a missing flourish and not a missing behaviour. -->
-    <CheckButton name="BagSlotButtonTemplate" inherits="PaperDollItemSlotButtonTemplate" virtual="true">
-        <Scripts>
-            <OnLoad>
-                PaperDollItemSlotButton_OnLoad();
-                this:RegisterEvent("BAG_UPDATE");
-                this.isBag = 1;
-                -- OURS, and the one deviation in this file's scripts. The reference's three bag
-                -- handlers each recompute a `translatedID` from these same two ids at every call
-                -- site; our bodies read `button.bagId`, the field BenillaBagBarSlot_OnLoad sets for
-                -- the four hand-wired slots. Resolving it once here is what lets a template-built
-                -- button and a hand-wired one share one implementation instead of two.
-                this.bagId = this:GetID() - CharacterBag0Slot:GetID() + 1;
-            </OnLoad>
-            <OnClick>
-                if ( IsShiftKeyDown() ) then
-                    BagSlotButton_OnShiftClick();
-                else
-                    BagSlotButton_OnClick();
-                end
-            </OnClick>
-            <OnDragStart>BagSlotButton_OnDrag();</OnDragStart>
-            <OnReceiveDrag>BagSlotButton_OnClick();</OnReceiveDrag>
-            <OnEnter>BagSlotButton_OnEnter();</OnEnter>
-        </Scripts>
-        <CheckedTexture alphaMode="ADD" file="Interface\Buttons\CheckButtonHilight"/>
-    </CheckButton>
+    <!-- `BagSlotButtonTemplate` was declared here, transcribed from MainMenuBarBagButtons.xml
+         because that file could not be sourced. It IS sourced now — benilla.toc entry 48, one line
+         below this file — so the reference's own declaration is the live one and the copy is gone
+         (decision 1751, window 3). pfUI and anything else that inherits the template now inherits
+         the reference's, including the `$parentItemAnim` Model our copy structurally could not
+         carry. -->
 </Ui>
diff --git a/crates/benilla-app/assets/ui/benilla.toc b/crates/benilla-app/assets/ui/benilla.toc
index f44b025c..71bbf7e3 100644
--- a/crates/benilla-app/assets/ui/benilla.toc
+++ b/crates/benilla-app/assets/ui/benilla.toc
@@ -297,13 +297,43 @@ ErrorsFrame.xml
 # (Cooldown.xml), `UIPanelCloseButton` (UIPanelTemplates.xml) — plus `parent="UIParent"`. It
 # cannot load "first" the way a Lua-only sourcing had to.
 Interface\FrameXML\ContainerFrame.xml
-# The bag BAR: MainMenuBarBackpackButton / CharacterBag0..3Slot / KeyRingButton and the item-push
-# card — this client's stand-in for the reference's own MainMenuBarBagButtons.xml, which cannot be
-# sourced until `PutItemInBag`/`PickupBagFromSlot` are bound (the file says so at the site). After
-# ContainerFrame.xml for legibility, not necessity: every verb it calls resolves at click time. It
-# also owns `KEYRING_CONTAINER`, which is where the reference puts it and which the file above
-# reads — again a global resolved at call time, so the order does not bind.
-BagFrame.xml
+# The reference's item-SLOT button base, `PaperDollItemSlotButtonTemplate` — published for addons
+# (pfUI builds its bag bar from what inherits it) and, since window 3, a LOAD-TIME dependency of the
+# entry directly below: stock `MainMenuBarBagButtons.xml` inherits it on all five bag buttons, and
+# an `inherits=` is resolved at load. That requirement is what moved this file up from below
+# CharacterFrame.xml, where it sat only because the chain crossed the old BagFrame -> CharacterFrame
+# the wrong way. It needs ItemButtonTemplate.xml above it for the base and Cooldown.xml for the
+# $parentCooldown the doll template carries — both far above.
+#
+# `BagSlotButtonTemplate` used to be declared here too, transcribed from MainMenuBarBagButtons.xml
+# because that file could not be sourced. It is sourced now, one entry down, so the reference's own
+# declaration is the live one and the copy is deleted — the whole point of the migration.
+ItemSlotButtonTemplates.xml
+# ══ THE BAG BAR — the reference's own, off the player's chain (decision 1751, window 3) ══
+# `MainMenuBarBackpackButton`, `CharacterBag0Slot`..`CharacterBag3Slot`, `KeyRingButton`,
+# `BagSlotButtonTemplate` and the `BagSlotButton_*`/`BackpackButton_*`/`Disable_BagButtons` family
+# — the real 1.12 file, with `MainMenuBarBagButtons.lua` arriving through its own `<Script file=>`.
+# It also owns `KEYRING_CONTAINER = -2`, which is where the reference puts it (l.1).
+#
+# Our `BagFrame.xml` stood here and is deleted. Its own header named the condition it was waiting
+# on — "replaced by the reference's own file the day `PutItemInBag` / `PickupBagFromSlot` are
+# bound" — and both are bindings now (`script/cursor/bag_verbs.rs`), so the ref's own click arms
+# work: its `PutItemInBag(id)` is the equip/swap our `BenillaBagBarSlot_Place` open-coded.
+#
+# THE POSITION IS THE REQUIREMENT: `inherits="PaperDollItemSlotButtonTemplate"` on the four bag
+# slots and `inherits="ItemButtonTemplate"` on the backpack are resolved at LOAD, and so is
+# `parent="MainMenuBarArtFrame"` — so this sits below ItemSlotButtonTemplates.xml (above) and
+# ActionBar.xml (which declares the art frame). Being BELOW the sourced ContainerFrame.xml is
+# legibility, not necessity, in either direction: every verb each file calls of the other resolves
+# at call time, `KEYRING_CONTAINER` included (no top-level read of it exists in ContainerFrame.lua).
+#
+# TWO THINGS THE SWAP DID NOT INHERIT, and both live in ContainerFrameAdapters.xml below rather
+# than being edited into anything of Blizzard's: the item-push card (0887 — the reference's is a
+# `<Model>` playing an .mdx and this engine renders no FrameXML models, so ours samples that
+# model's own tracks and draws a quad), and the GlobalStrings fallbacks the install-less harnesses
+# need. The keyring's SHOW trigger moved the other way — into ActionBar.xml, our MainMenuBar.xml,
+# which is exactly where the reference keeps it (MainMenuBar.xml l.323-341).
+Interface\FrameXML\MainMenuBarBagButtons.xml
 # The stack-split spinner (decision 0216 §6/slice 2): loaded beside the bag windows, whose slot
 # click handler (the reference's `ContainerFrameItemButton_OnClick`) calls `OpenStackSplitFrame`.
 # Order between the two doesn't matter for correctness (Lua globals resolve at call time, and
@@ -318,12 +348,6 @@ ContainerFrameAdapters.xml
 # windows (Gossip/Merchant/Quest*) — it depends only on Fonts/UiPanels/GameTooltip, all
 # already loaded above.
 CharacterFrame.xml
-# The reference's item-SLOT button templates (PaperDollItemSlotButtonTemplate <-
-# BagSlotButtonTemplate), published for addons rather than used by our own windows. Here
-# rather than beside their subjects because the chain crosses BagFrame.xml (241) ->
-# CharacterFrame.xml (256) the wrong way; needs ItemButtonTemplate.xml (45) above it for the
-# base and Cooldown.xml (124) for the $parentCooldown the doll template carries.
-ItemSlotButtonTemplates.xml
 # The Pet tab (decision 1057): the same separate-top-level-file shape as SkillFrame below,
 # and ahead of it because it is the earlier tab. It leans on CharacterFrame.xml for real —
 # the `(unit, prefix)` stat setters, the `BenillaStatRow`/`BenillaMagicResistanceFrame`
diff --git a/crates/benilla-app/src/creature_anim/driver.rs b/crates/benilla-app/src/creature_anim/driver.rs
index d94533e7..237c11f0 100644
--- a/crates/benilla-app/src/creature_anim/driver.rs
+++ b/crates/benilla-app/src/creature_anim/driver.rs
@@ -294,6 +294,10 @@ pub(super) fn drive_animations(
             // ogre at 2.2× cycles its legs 2.2× slower than a same-speed human. Read-only: nothing
             // in this system moves a unit.
             &Transform,
+            // The server-granted movement modes (decision 1780) — root, water-walk, feather-fall,
+            // hover, walk-mode, swim. `unify` folds them into the flags word the selector reads, so
+            // a creature the server has rooted or put in walk mode is animated as one.
+            Option<&crate::net::UnitMoveModes>,
         ),
     )>,
     // A mount child's movement view is its HOST's (decision 0441): the same
@@ -307,6 +311,8 @@ pub(super) fn drive_animations(
         Option<&UnitSpeeds>,
         Option<&FacingStep>,
         Has<crate::net::CreatureSwimming>,
+        // …and the host's granted modes, for the same reason `unify` reads them on the rider.
+        Option<&crate::net::UnitMoveModes>,
         // …and the rider's own `OBJECT_FIELD_SCALE_X`: a mount child's transform carries only its
         // `CreatureDisplayInfo` column, and the mount renders at the PRODUCT of the two (the
         // byte-verified mount composition, wow-re `0x613ef0`). The rate divisor wants that product
@@ -443,7 +449,16 @@ pub(super) fn drive_animations(
         wielded,
         cast_hold,
         facing_step,
-        (engaged, auto_repeat, is_self, mount_body, creature_swimming, nock_latched, transform),
+        (
+            engaged,
+            auto_repeat,
+            is_self,
+            mount_body,
+            creature_swimming,
+            nock_latched,
+            transform,
+            move_modes,
+        ),
     ) in &mut units
     {
         // A mount child drives from its HOST's movement view (decision 0441) — same inputs the
@@ -464,14 +479,15 @@ pub(super) fn drive_animations(
             speeds,
             facing_step,
             creature_swimming,
+            move_modes,
             host_scale,
             ridden_by_self,
         ) = match mount_body {
             Some(mb) => match mount_hosts.get(mb.host) {
-                Ok((s, r, m, sp, f, sw, t, host_self)) => {
-                    (s, r, m, sp, f, sw, t.scale.x, host_self)
+                Ok((s, r, m, sp, f, sw, md, t, host_self)) => {
+                    (s, r, m, sp, f, sw, md, t.scale.x, host_self)
                 }
-                Err(_) => (None, None, None, None, None, false, 1.0, false),
+                Err(_) => (None, None, None, None, None, false, None, 1.0, false),
             },
             None => (
                 spline,
@@ -480,6 +496,7 @@ pub(super) fn drive_animations(
                 speeds,
                 facing_step,
                 creature_swimming,
+                move_modes,
                 1.0,
                 false,
             ),
@@ -518,7 +535,7 @@ pub(super) fn drive_animations(
         let mount_edge = std::mem::replace(&mut drv.mount_display, mount_display) != mount_display;
         // First time we drive this unit (nothing chosen yet) — used to settle a corpse to its end pose.
         let first = drv.gait.is_none() && drv.mode == Mode::Gait;
-        let mut mv = unify(movement, remote, spline, creature_swimming);
+        let mut mv = unify(movement, remote, spline, creature_swimming, move_modes);
         // Stand state (decision 0080c): a unit without a controller-fed [`MovementState`] (remote
         // players, creatures) poses from its `UNIT_FIELD_BYTES_1` stand-state byte — a seated
         // remote player renders for free. Our own avatar's rides its `MovementState` (the
diff --git a/crates/benilla-app/src/creature_anim/select.rs b/crates/benilla-app/src/creature_anim/select.rs
index 8096b2b8..edc34d31 100644
--- a/crates/benilla-app/src/creature_anim/select.rs
+++ b/crates/benilla-app/src/creature_anim/select.rs
@@ -1150,11 +1150,20 @@ pub(super) fn scaled_rate(clip: &AnimClip, speed: f32, model_scale: f32) -> Opti
 /// the flag into the spline/stationary views, so a pathing water creature plays Swim 42 and an idle
 /// one treads water (SwimIdle 41) instead of running/standing on the lakebed. Ignored for the
 /// self/remote legs — their flag arrives properly.
+///
+/// `modes` is the unit's **server-granted** movement modes ([`crate::net::UnitMoveModes`], decision
+/// 1780) — the `SMSG_SPLINE_MOVE_*` family. They are OR'd into the flags word on the remote and
+/// creature legs, because in the reference they are bits of the *same* `CMovement+0x40` word the
+/// selector already tests; a creature the server has put in walk mode or rooted has those bits set
+/// exactly like a player who arrived carrying them in a pose. The self leg deliberately skips them:
+/// our own mover's modes are the ack'd family's, held on [`crate::player::state::MoveModes`] and
+/// already folded into the controller's own `MovementState`.
 pub(super) fn unify(
     movement: Option<&MovementState>,
     remote: Option<&RemoteMotion>,
     spline: Option<&Spline>,
     creature_swimming: bool,
+    modes: Option<&crate::net::UnitMoveModes>,
 ) -> MovementState {
     // The flying-spline fact is read through to the live `Spline` on EVERY leg — the client's
     // selector reads the active CMovement's spline flags at select time (RF-0057 `0x5fd19c`),
@@ -1163,10 +1172,11 @@ pub(super) fn unify(
     if let Some(m) = movement {
         return MovementState { flying, ..*m };
     }
+    let granted = modes.map_or(0, |m| m.0);
     if let Some(r) = remote {
         return MovementState {
             speed: r.speed,
-            flags: r.flags,
+            flags: r.flags | granted,
             vertical_speed: r.vertical_velocity,
             flying,
             ..default()
@@ -1180,7 +1190,7 @@ pub(super) fn unify(
     let s = spline.map(|s| s.speed()).filter(|s| *s > MOVING_EPSILON);
     MovementState {
         speed: s.unwrap_or(0.0),
-        flags: swim | if s.is_some() { move_flags::FORWARD } else { 0 },
+        flags: granted | swim | if s.is_some() { move_flags::FORWARD } else { 0 },
         flying,
         ..default()
     }
diff --git a/crates/benilla-app/src/creature_anim/select/tests.rs b/crates/benilla-app/src/creature_anim/select/tests.rs
index 86c9dd66..d5e920c6 100644
--- a/crates/benilla-app/src/creature_anim/select/tests.rs
+++ b/crates/benilla-app/src/creature_anim/select/tests.rs
@@ -927,14 +927,78 @@ fn unify_stamps_flying_from_the_live_spline_on_every_leg() {
     // Self leg: the controller's stored component says nothing about the ride — the live
     // Spline does (the client reads the active CMovement's spline flags at select time).
     let m = moving_forward(32.0);
-    assert!(unify(Some(&m), None, Some(&spline(false)), false).flying);
-    assert!(!unify(Some(&m), None, Some(&spline(true)), false).flying);
-    assert!(!unify(Some(&m), None, None, false).flying);
+    assert!(unify(Some(&m), None, Some(&spline(false)), false, None).flying);
+    assert!(!unify(Some(&m), None, Some(&spline(true)), false, None).flying);
+    assert!(!unify(Some(&m), None, None, false, None).flying);
     // Spline leg (a remote taxi after the stale-RemoteMotion drop): flying + FORWARD + speed.
-    let v = unify(None, None, Some(&spline(false)), false);
+    let v = unify(None, None, Some(&spline(false)), false, None);
     assert!(v.flying && v.flags & move_flags::FORWARD != 0 && v.speed > 0.0);
 }
 
+/// **The server-granted modes reach the selector's flags word** (decision 1780). They are bits of
+/// the same `CMovement+0x40` word the selector already tests, so a creature the server has put in
+/// walk mode or rooted must read as one — the reference re-runs this very selector on the spot when
+/// the grant lands (`0x6014ec push edi; call 0x60e480`, then `push -1; call 0x5fd9e0`), which is
+/// what makes this opcode family a *visual* one rather than bookkeeping.
+///
+/// The self leg is deliberately exempt: our own mover's modes are the ack'd family's, already
+/// folded into the `MovementState` the controller writes. Reading them from a second place would be
+/// a second source of truth for one bit.
+#[test]
+fn the_granted_modes_fold_into_the_flags_word_on_every_leg_but_our_own() {
+    use crate::net::UnitMoveModes;
+    use std::time::{Duration, Instant};
+
+    let rooted = UnitMoveModes(move_flags::ROOT);
+    let walking = UnitMoveModes(move_flags::WALK_MODE);
+
+    // Creature leg — a standing NPC the server has rooted.
+    let v = unify(None, None, None, false, Some(&rooted));
+    assert_eq!(v.flags & move_flags::ROOT, move_flags::ROOT);
+
+    // Creature leg on a path: the granted bit rides alongside the spline's own FORWARD.
+    let spline = crate::net::Spline {
+        points: vec![[0.0, 0.0, 0.0], [10.0, 0.0, 0.0]],
+        start: Instant::now(),
+        duration: Duration::from_secs(10),
+        id: 1,
+        grounded: true,
+        run_mode: true,
+    };
+    let v = unify(None, None, Some(&spline), false, Some(&walking));
+    assert_eq!(
+        v.flags,
+        move_flags::WALK_MODE | move_flags::FORWARD,
+        "the walk grant does not displace the spline's own travel bit"
+    );
+
+    // Remote leg — OR'd onto the pose's flags, never replacing them.
+    let rm = crate::net::RemoteMotion {
+        wow_pos: [0.0; 3],
+        pending: std::collections::VecDeque::new(),
+        orientation: 0.0,
+        flags: move_flags::FORWARD,
+        pitch: 0.0,
+        speed: 7.0,
+        vertical_velocity: 0.0,
+        jump_xy_vel: [0.0; 2],
+        fall_start_z: None,
+        relay: Default::default(),
+        last_apply_ms: 0.0,
+        last_apply_pos: [0.0; 3],
+    };
+    let v = unify(None, Some(&rm), None, false, Some(&walking));
+    assert_eq!(v.flags, move_flags::FORWARD | move_flags::WALK_MODE);
+
+    // Self leg — untouched.
+    let m = moving_forward(32.0);
+    assert_eq!(
+        unify(Some(&m), None, None, false, Some(&rooted)).flags,
+        m.flags,
+        "our own mover's modes are the ack'd family's; this word is the controller's"
+    );
+}
+
 /// The prowl creep outranks the WHOLE speed tail (RF-0057 `0x5fd1d3` precedes `0x5fd202`): a
 /// stealthed unit plays 119 at a dead crawl and at sprint speed alike — never Walk, Run or Sprint.
 #[test]
diff --git a/crates/benilla-app/src/debug_panel/inspect.rs b/crates/benilla-app/src/debug_panel/inspect.rs
index 9b21997b..ff58457b 100644
--- a/crates/benilla-app/src/debug_panel/inspect.rs
+++ b/crates/benilla-app/src/debug_panel/inspect.rs
@@ -39,6 +39,28 @@ fn kind_color(kind: ModelKind) -> egui::Color32 {
     }
 }
 
+/// The granted movement modes as the card names them (decision 1780) — `None` when the unit has
+/// none, which is nearly all of them, so the common line is unchanged. Named rather than derived
+/// from the raw word on the card: `0x40001000` says nothing to the eye, and the whole reason this
+/// is on the card is that the modes explain a body that looks wrong and is not.
+fn granted_modes(modes: Option<&crate::net::UnitMoveModes>) -> Option<String> {
+    use crate::creature_anim::move_flags as f;
+    let w = modes?.0;
+    let named = [
+        (f::ROOT, "rooted"),
+        (f::HOVER, "hover"),
+        (f::WATER_WALKING, "waterwalk"),
+        (f::SAFE_FALL, "feather"),
+        (f::WALK_MODE, "walk-mode"),
+        (f::SWIMMING, "swim"),
+    ]
+    .into_iter()
+    .filter(|(bit, _)| w & bit != 0)
+    .map(|(_, name)| name)
+    .collect::<Vec<_>>();
+    (!named.is_empty()).then(|| format!("granted {}", named.join("+")))
+}
+
 /// The inspector's GameObject collision readout (decision 0763): does a hull exist, is it disabled
 /// right now, and what stored state does the passability gate see. Named so the bundled `stores`
 /// param stays readable.
@@ -56,9 +78,16 @@ type GoCollisionReadout = (
 /// fast?* The AQ drakes are the case that earned it — a Brood of Nozdormu 190 yd overhead beating
 /// its wings at a flat 1× while its path crawls at walk pace reads as frozen, and nothing on the
 /// card said the path was the slow half.
+///
+/// …and, since 1780, the third producer: the modes the server **granted** this unit
+/// ([`crate::net::UnitMoveModes`]). They belong on the same line because they answer the same
+/// report from the other side — a body a yard off the floor, standing on water, or refusing every
+/// path the server sends it looks broken and is not, and the mode word is the only place that
+/// difference is written down. A unit with none reads nothing extra, which is nearly all of them.
 type MotionReadout = (
     Option<&'static crate::net::Spline>,
     Option<&'static crate::net::RemoteMotion>,
+    Option<&'static crate::net::UnitMoveModes>,
 );
 
 /// The inspector's entity LIGHT readout (decision 0776): the lane this object's parts render
@@ -444,18 +473,24 @@ pub(super) fn inspect_ui(
     let motion_line = net_entity
         .filter(|_| is_unit)
         .and_then(|p| motion.get(p).ok())
-        .map(|(spline, remote)| match (spline, remote) {
-            (Some(sp), _) => format!(
-                "motion {:.2} yd/s · {} path {:.0}% of {:.0}s",
-                sp.speed(),
-                if sp.grounded { "ground" } else { "flying" },
-                100.0 * sp.elapsed_frac(),
-                sp.duration.as_secs_f32(),
-            ),
-            (None, Some(r)) if r.speed > 0.0 => {
-                format!("motion {:.2} yd/s · dead-reckoned", r.speed)
+        .map(|(spline, remote, modes)| {
+            let moving = match (spline, remote) {
+                (Some(sp), _) => format!(
+                    "motion {:.2} yd/s · {} path {:.0}% of {:.0}s",
+                    sp.speed(),
+                    if sp.grounded { "ground" } else { "flying" },
+                    100.0 * sp.elapsed_frac(),
+                    sp.duration.as_secs_f32(),
+                ),
+                (None, Some(r)) if r.speed > 0.0 => {
+                    format!("motion {:.2} yd/s · dead-reckoned", r.speed)
+                }
+                _ => "motion still".to_string(),
+            };
+            match granted_modes(modes) {
+                Some(m) => format!("{moving} · {m}"),
+                None => moving,
             }
-            _ => "motion still".to_string(),
         });
     // An `AnimationData` id as the card names it — shared by the creature and GameObject anim
     // lines below, which read the same id space.
diff --git a/crates/benilla-app/src/net.rs b/crates/benilla-app/src/net.rs
index 0634df05..7404e5da 100644
--- a/crates/benilla-app/src/net.rs
+++ b/crates/benilla-app/src/net.rs
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ use motion::{
 // `creature_anim`, and the cross-seam test that pins the pair runs both systems in one app.
 pub(crate) use motion::drive_display_facing;
 pub(crate) use motion::{
-    jump_seed, CreatureSwimming, FacingStep, RemoteMotion, Spline, SplineStopped,
+    jump_seed, CreatureSwimming, FacingStep, RemoteMotion, Spline, SplineStopped, UnitMoveModes,
 };
 // `GroundClamped`'s only consumer outside `net::motion::spline` is the ground-census probe, and a
 // probe is an instrument — a build with the instruments compiled out contains nothing that names
diff --git a/crates/benilla-app/src/net/apply.rs b/crates/benilla-app/src/net/apply.rs
index 7d73ebb2..a5faf565 100644
--- a/crates/benilla-app/src/net/apply.rs
+++ b/crates/benilla-app/src/net/apply.rs
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ use super::{
     AiReactionMessage, CharActionResultMessage, CharListMessage, EmoteMessage, EnteredWorldMessage,
     Guid, GuidIndex, LoggedOutMessage, NetCommands, NetEvents, NetStatus, ObjectStore,
     PendingTransfer, RemoteMotion, Reputations, SelfGuid, SelfPlayer, ServerSoundMessage,
-    ServerTime, ServerWallClock, TeleportMessage, WorldportMessage,
+    ServerTime, ServerWallClock, TeleportMessage, UnitMoveModes, WorldportMessage,
 };
 use benilla_world::weather::WeatherMessage;
 
@@ -106,7 +106,11 @@ pub(super) fn apply_net_updates(
     mut reputations: ResMut<Reputations>,
     mut transforms: Query<&mut Transform>,
     mut stores: Query<&mut ObjectStore>,
-    mut remote_motion: Query<&mut RemoteMotion>,
+    // One tuple param (the 16-SystemParam ceiling this signature already lives against): the two
+    // per-unit motion states the drain writes. [`RemoteMotion`] is a relayed player's dead-reckon;
+    // [`UnitMoveModes`] is any unit's server-granted movement modes (decision 1780). Different
+    // components, one concern — what the wire says about how a body we don't control is moving.
+    mut motion: (Query<&mut RemoteMotion>, Query<&mut UnitMoveModes>),
     // One tuple param (the 16-SystemParam ceiling): the session-lifecycle one-shot writers — the
     // player's teleport/worldport snaps + the glue-screen edges (decision 0193).
     session_msgs: (
@@ -487,6 +491,9 @@ pub(super) fn apply_net_updates(
     // This also removes a latent clobber: a plain per-delta `insert` on a not-yet-spawned entity would
     // overwrite an earlier partial rather than merge it (decision 0061).
     let mut pending: HashMap<u64, ObjectFields> = HashMap::new();
+    // The drain's staged [`UnitMoveModes`] grants — see [`objects::StagedModes`]. A grant and the
+    // `SMSG_MONSTER_MOVE` it refuses can land in the same drain, and the refusal has to see it.
+    let mut staged_modes = objects::StagedModes::new();
     // The same deferral trap for movers' speeds, and the one B213 fell into: a create's
     // `UnitSpeeds` insert is a Command, so a `SMSG_FORCE_*_SPEED_CHANGE` arriving later in this
     // same drain could not land on top of it. Both stage here in packet order (decision 1478).
@@ -672,7 +679,7 @@ pub(super) fn apply_net_updates(
                     &mut commands,
                     &index,
                     &self_guid,
-                    &mut remote_motion,
+                    &mut motion.0,
                     &mut transforms,
                     &mut audio.13,
                     &mut self_moves,
@@ -723,6 +730,7 @@ pub(super) fn apply_net_updates(
                 duration_ms,
                 flying,
                 run_mode,
+                objects::modes_of(guid, &index, &motion.1, &staged_modes).rooted(),
                 &mut commands,
                 &index,
                 &mut transforms,
@@ -1360,6 +1368,18 @@ pub(super) fn apply_net_updates(
                 &mut death_net,
                 &mut move_modes,
             ),
+            // ── The observer movement-mode family (decision 1780) — the same modes, on a body
+            //    somebody else is driving. No ack, so this arm ends the packet.
+            SessionEvent::SplineMoveMode { guid, mode, apply } => objects::spline_move_mode(
+                guid,
+                mode,
+                apply,
+                &mut commands,
+                &index,
+                &mut motion.1,
+                &mut motion.0,
+                &mut staged_modes,
+            ),
             SessionEvent::KnockBack {
                 guid,
                 counter,
diff --git a/crates/benilla-app/src/net/apply/objects.rs b/crates/benilla-app/src/net/apply/objects.rs
index c3172c21..0ad056df 100644
--- a/crates/benilla-app/src/net/apply/objects.rs
+++ b/crates/benilla-app/src/net/apply/objects.rs
@@ -7,7 +7,9 @@ use std::collections::hash_map::Entry;
 use std::collections::HashMap;
 
 use benilla_assets::coords::bevy_to_wow;
-use benilla_protocol::{guid, EntityKind, MonsterMoveFacing, MoveSpeeds, ObjectFields, SpeedKind};
+use benilla_protocol::{
+    guid, EntityKind, MonsterMoveFacing, MoveSpeeds, ObjectFields, SpeedKind, SplineMode,
+};
 use bevy::prelude::*;
 
 use crate::go_templates::GameObjectTemplates;
@@ -18,11 +20,11 @@ use benilla_world::vis_chain::VisChainOnly;
 
 use super::super::motion::{
     create_spline, gameobject_rotation, monster_move_spline, pose_transform, resolve_facing,
-    trace_create_spline, trace_move_snap, wire_yaw, write_pose, SplineStopped,
+    trace_create_spline, trace_move_snap, wire_yaw, write_pose, SplineStopped, ROOT_APPLY_WIPE,
 };
 use super::super::{
     Guid, GuidIndex, NetCommands, NetEntity, ObjectStore, RemoteMotion, SelfGuid,
-    SpeedChangeMessage, Spline, UnitSpeeds,
+    SpeedChangeMessage, Spline, UnitMoveModes, UnitSpeeds,
 };
 
 /// A GameObject plays its one-shot **Custom** animation (`SMSG_GAMEOBJECT_CUSTOM_ANIM`, decision
@@ -482,6 +484,7 @@ pub(super) fn monster_move(
     duration_ms: u32,
     flying: bool,
     run_mode: bool,
+    rooted: bool,
     commands: &mut Commands,
     index: &GuidIndex,
     transforms: &mut Query<&mut Transform>,
@@ -526,12 +529,7 @@ pub(super) fn monster_move(
                 }
             }
         }
-        // The spline is authoritative now, not the relay stream — the mirror of `unit_move`'s
-        // "drop a stale spline". A splined PLAYER (charge, taxi) otherwise keeps a stale
-        // `RemoteMotion` whose old flags outrank the spline in the anim selector's `unify`
-        // precedence (Stand frozen mid-flight); the relay re-seeds it on its next packet.
-        //
-        // A spline move also **un-nocks and drops the weapon-visual hold**, unconditionally:
+        // A spline move **un-nocks and drops the weapon-visual hold**, unconditionally:
         // `0x6018f0` (this packet's handler, via `0x603f00` registered on opcodes 0xDD/0x2AE) has
         // exactly one `ret`, and its shared tail runs `0x6020e8 call 0x60d040` (clear `0x400`) →
         // `0x6020ef call 0x60f530` (un-nock) → `RecomputeBaseAnim(-1)` on every path through it
@@ -539,10 +537,37 @@ pub(super) fn monster_move(
         // archer NPC yanked along a path, or a player charged/knocked back, loses the arrow —
         // the ranged sheath is untouched, exactly like the locomotion un-nock.
         commands.entity(e).remove::<(
-            RemoteMotion,
             crate::creature_anim::NockLatch,
             crate::creature_anim::RangedHold,
         )>();
+        // **A rooted unit cannot be splined** (decision 1780). `0x6187a0` — the *server
+        // position/spline apply*, and the sole path from this packet's parse chain into
+        // `CMovement`'s spline installer `0x7c6a50` — opens with `0x6187c2 test ah,0x10` and
+        // returns on ROOT (wow-re `moveflag-family.md` §5.3, and §5.4's verdict in as many words:
+        // *"cannot translate, cannot jump, cannot be splined"*).
+        //
+        // **Scoped to the path deliberately.** What is byte-verified is that the *position/spline*
+        // apply is refused; whether the rest of `0x6018f0` still runs for a rooted unit is not
+        // recorded, and the one part of it we do know — the un-nock tail — is verified to run on
+        // **every** path through the handler (`shooter-stop-law.md` §J1.2/§J1.3), so it stays above
+        // this gate. The facing snap is left running for the same reason: refusing more than the
+        // note establishes would be inventing a behaviour, and refusing the path is what keeps the
+        // body still.
+        //
+        // On vmangos this is a race rather than the common case — `Unit::SetRooted(true)` calls
+        // `StopMoving()` before the root goes out, so an already-walking creature is normally
+        // stopped by its own stop-spline. The gate is what keeps a path the server had already
+        // queued from moving a body it has since pinned.
+        if rooted {
+            return;
+        }
+        // The spline is authoritative now, not the relay stream — the mirror of `unit_move`'s
+        // "drop a stale spline". A splined PLAYER (charge, taxi) otherwise keeps a stale
+        // `RemoteMotion` whose old flags outrank the spline in the anim selector's `unify`
+        // precedence (Stand frozen mid-flight); the relay re-seeds it on its next packet. Below the
+        // root gate because it is the *install's* own consequence: with no path taken there is no
+        // new authority to hand the pose to.
+        commands.entity(e).remove::<RemoteMotion>();
         match monster_move_spline(path, spline_id, stop, duration_ms, flying, run_mode) {
             // A moving path: sample_splines drives the transform along every waypoint.
             Some(spline) => {
@@ -560,6 +585,86 @@ pub(super) fn monster_move(
     }
 }
 
+/// **Per-drain staging for [`UnitMoveModes`]** — the same shape (and the same reason) as
+/// [`merge_fields`]' `pending`: a component this drain inserted through `Commands` is not queryable
+/// until the sync point, so a grant and the packet it changes the meaning of can arrive in one drain
+/// and the second must see the first. Seeded lazily from the live component; never read after the
+/// drain.
+pub(super) type StagedModes = HashMap<u64, UnitMoveModes>;
+
+/// This unit's granted modes as of *now within the drain* — the staged word if it was granted this
+/// drain, else the live component, else none. The reference's word lives as long as the `CGUnit`, so
+/// "no component" and "all bits clear" are the same answer and both are [`UnitMoveModes::default`].
+pub(super) fn modes_of(
+    guid: u64,
+    index: &GuidIndex,
+    modes: &Query<&mut UnitMoveModes>,
+    staged: &StagedModes,
+) -> UnitMoveModes {
+    staged
+        .get(&guid)
+        .copied()
+        .or_else(|| index.0.get(&guid).and_then(|&e| modes.get(e).ok().copied()))
+        .unwrap_or_default()
+}
+
+/// **A movement mode granted on a unit we do not control** — the `SMSG_SPLINE_MOVE_*` family
+/// (decision 1780). No ack, and `guid` is whatever unit the server named: normally a creature, which
+/// is exactly the body the ack'd `SMSG_FORCE_*` family structurally cannot address.
+///
+/// An unresolvable guid is **dropped**, faithfully: the reference's handler `0x603c80` resolves with
+/// `ClntObjMgrObjectPtr(TYPEMASK_UNIT)` and returns without applying anything when it misses.
+///
+/// Our own guid is not special-cased. vmangos cannot send it for our mover (`Unit::SetRooted` and
+/// its three siblings take the broadcast leg only when the unit is **not** moved by a player), and
+/// the reference applies to whatever it finds — so we do too. It is inert on the avatar either way:
+/// the animation selector's `unify` gives the controller's own `MovementState` precedence, and our
+/// mover's modes are the handshake family's ([`crate::player::state::MoveModes`]).
+#[allow(clippy::too_many_arguments)] // the wire fields + the apply context, one per concern
+pub(super) fn spline_move_mode(
+    guid: u64,
+    mode: SplineMode,
+    apply: bool,
+    commands: &mut Commands,
+    index: &GuidIndex,
+    modes: &mut Query<&mut UnitMoveModes>,
+    remote: &mut Query<&mut RemoteMotion>,
+    staged: &mut StagedModes,
+) {
+    let Some(&e) = index.0.get(&guid) else {
+        return; // no such unit — the reference drops it too
+    };
+    let mut word = modes_of(guid, index, modes, staged);
+    word.set(mode, apply);
+    staged.insert(guid, word);
+    if let Ok(mut live) = modes.get_mut(e) {
+        *live = word;
+    } else {
+        commands.entity(e).insert(word);
+    }
+
+    // **`SetRoot 0x7c7340`'s one-shot wipe**, on the one benilla body that has direction bits to
+    // wipe — a relayed player's. The reference clears `0xffe07f00`'s complement from the flags word
+    // at apply and calls `0x7c6290` StopFalling with it; with the direction bits gone the unit fails
+    // the integration gate (`move_flags::INTEGRATED`) and is not stepped at all, which is *how* a
+    // root stops a body rather than leaving it coasting on its last reported heading until the next
+    // packet. Without this the dead-reckon keeps walking a rooted player forward for the ~500 ms to
+    // its next heartbeat.
+    //
+    // A creature needs none of it: it has no direction bits (its motion is its [`Spline`]), and what
+    // stops *it* is `monster_move`'s refusal above.
+    if mode == SplineMode::Root && apply {
+        if let Ok(mut rm) = remote.get_mut(e) {
+            use crate::creature_anim::move_flags;
+            rm.flags &= ROOT_APPLY_WIPE & !(move_flags::FALLING | move_flags::FALLING_FAR);
+            rm.speed = 0.0;
+            rm.vertical_velocity = 0.0;
+            rm.jump_xy_vel = [0.0; 2];
+            rm.fall_start_z = None;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 /// The ask-once GameObject template (`SMSG_GAMEOBJECT_QUERY_RESPONSE`, decision 0239): cache it and
 /// resolve the lockId from the type-specific `data[]` slot — the interact routing reads it to choose
 /// use-vs-cast; the hover tooltip reads the name (decision 0276's GO law).
@@ -740,6 +845,246 @@ mod tests {
 
     const ME: u64 = 0x0000_0000_0000_002A;
 
+    /// The observer movement-mode family's own harness (decision 1780): one indexed unit, and a
+    /// `World` small enough that the only thing that can move it is the code under test.
+    mod spline_modes {
+        use super::*;
+        use benilla_protocol::SplineMode;
+        use bevy::ecs::system::RunSystemOnce;
+
+        const MOB: u64 = 0x0000_0000_0000_00F0;
+
+        /// A world holding one indexed unit, optionally already dead-reckoning as a relayed player.
+        fn world_with_unit(remote: Option<RemoteMotion>) -> (World, Entity) {
+            let mut w = World::new();
+            let mut e = w.spawn_empty();
+            if let Some(rm) = remote {
+                e.insert(rm);
+            }
+            let entity = e.id();
+            let mut index = GuidIndex::default();
+            index.0.insert(MOB, entity);
+            w.insert_resource(index);
+            (w, entity)
+        }
+
+        fn remote_walking_forward() -> RemoteMotion {
+            RemoteMotion {
+                wow_pos: [0.0; 3],
+                pending: std::collections::VecDeque::new(),
+                orientation: 0.0,
+                flags: crate::creature_anim::move_flags::FORWARD,
+                pitch: 0.0,
+                speed: 7.0,
+                vertical_velocity: 0.0,
+                jump_xy_vel: [0.0; 2],
+                fall_start_z: None,
+                relay: Default::default(),
+                last_apply_ms: 0.0,
+                last_apply_pos: [0.0; 3],
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// Run one grant through the real arm body, then flush the `Commands` it queued.
+        fn grant(w: &mut World, mode: SplineMode, apply: bool) {
+            w.run_system_once(
+                move |mut commands: Commands,
+                      index: Res<GuidIndex>,
+                      mut modes: Query<&mut UnitMoveModes>,
+                      mut remote: Query<&mut RemoteMotion>| {
+                    let mut staged = StagedModes::new();
+                    spline_move_mode(
+                        MOB,
+                        mode,
+                        apply,
+                        &mut commands,
+                        &index,
+                        &mut modes,
+                        &mut remote,
+                        &mut staged,
+                    );
+                },
+            )
+            .unwrap();
+        }
+
+        /// **The grant lands, and the revoke takes it back off** — the whole family in one shape,
+        /// because every one of the twelve opcodes is this same set-or-clear of one bit.
+        #[test]
+        fn a_grant_sets_the_bit_and_its_pair_clears_it() {
+            use crate::creature_anim::move_flags;
+            let (mut w, e) = world_with_unit(None);
+
+            grant(&mut w, SplineMode::Hover, true);
+            grant(&mut w, SplineMode::WaterWalk, true);
+            let m = *w
+                .entity(e)
+                .get::<UnitMoveModes>()
+                .expect("first grant inserts");
+            assert_eq!(
+                m.0,
+                move_flags::HOVER | move_flags::WATER_WALKING,
+                "two grants accumulate in one word — the reference has one CMovement+0x40"
+            );
+
+            grant(&mut w, SplineMode::Hover, false);
+            let m = *w.entity(e).get::<UnitMoveModes>().unwrap();
+            assert_eq!(
+                m.0,
+                move_flags::WATER_WALKING,
+                "UNSET_HOVER takes back hover and nothing else"
+            );
+        }
+
+        /// **`SET_RUN_MODE` clears the walk bit.** The pair is inverted against its opcode names
+        /// (`0x617e80` → `SetRunMode 0x7c71c0`, whose argument is *run*), folded at the parse — so
+        /// by the time it reaches here `apply` is the bit's direction and this is a plain round
+        /// trip. Pinned anyway: the inversion is the family's one trap, and a regression that
+        /// flipped it would put every running creature into a walk with nothing else visibly wrong.
+        #[test]
+        fn the_walk_bit_round_trips_with_the_run_opcodes_sense() {
+            use crate::creature_anim::move_flags;
+            let (mut w, e) = world_with_unit(None);
+            grant(&mut w, SplineMode::WalkMode, true); // SMSG_SPLINE_MOVE_SET_WALK_MODE
+            assert_eq!(
+                w.entity(e).get::<UnitMoveModes>().unwrap().0,
+                move_flags::WALK_MODE
+            );
+            grant(&mut w, SplineMode::WalkMode, false); // SMSG_SPLINE_MOVE_SET_RUN_MODE
+            assert_eq!(w.entity(e).get::<UnitMoveModes>().unwrap().0, 0);
+        }
+
+        /// **A root stops a watched body dead, and that is the direction bits' doing.** `SetRoot
+        /// 0x7c7340` sets the bit and then wipes `0xffe07f00`'s complement — the four direction
+        /// bits among it — in one shot; with those gone the unit fails the client's integration
+        /// gate (`0x616e20 test dword [esi+0x40],0x20ff`) and is not stepped at all. Without the
+        /// wipe our dead-reckon walks a rooted player forward for the ~500 ms to its next
+        /// heartbeat, which is the reported "rooted and still sliding".
+        #[test]
+        fn a_root_wipes_the_direction_bits_the_dead_reckon_runs_on() {
+            use crate::creature_anim::move_flags;
+            let (mut w, e) = world_with_unit(Some(remote_walking_forward()));
+
+            grant(&mut w, SplineMode::Root, true);
+
+            let rm = w.entity(e).get::<RemoteMotion>().unwrap();
+            assert_eq!(
+                rm.flags & move_flags::INTEGRATED,
+                0,
+                "nothing the integration gate tests may survive the root — this is what stops it"
+            );
+            assert_eq!(rm.speed, 0.0, "and it is not still travelling at run speed");
+            assert!(w.entity(e).get::<UnitMoveModes>().unwrap().rooted());
+        }
+
+        /// The unroot is **not** the wipe run backwards: `ClearRoot 0x7c7370` only clears the bit.
+        /// A unit is put back in motion by the server's next pose or path, never by us inventing
+        /// direction bits for it.
+        #[test]
+        fn an_unroot_clears_the_bit_and_invents_no_movement() {
+            let (mut w, e) = world_with_unit(Some(remote_walking_forward()));
+            grant(&mut w, SplineMode::Root, true);
+            grant(&mut w, SplineMode::Root, false);
+            assert!(!w.entity(e).get::<UnitMoveModes>().unwrap().rooted());
+            assert_eq!(
+                w.entity(e).get::<RemoteMotion>().unwrap().flags,
+                0,
+                "still no direction bits — the wipe is one-shot and the unroot does not undo it"
+            );
+        }
+
+        /// **An unknown guid is dropped, not defaulted.** The reference's handler `0x603c80`
+        /// resolves with `ClntObjMgrObjectPtr(TYPEMASK_UNIT)` and returns having applied nothing
+        /// when it misses. Ours must not spawn or index anything to hold the grant: a mode
+        /// broadcast can outrun its unit's create block, and the create carries the modes itself.
+        #[test]
+        fn a_grant_for_a_unit_we_do_not_have_is_dropped() {
+            let (mut w, e) = world_with_unit(None);
+            w.run_system_once(
+                |mut commands: Commands,
+                 index: Res<GuidIndex>,
+                 mut modes: Query<&mut UnitMoveModes>,
+                 mut remote: Query<&mut RemoteMotion>| {
+                    let mut staged = StagedModes::new();
+                    spline_move_mode(
+                        0xDEAD_BEEF,
+                        SplineMode::Root,
+                        true,
+                        &mut commands,
+                        &index,
+                        &mut modes,
+                        &mut remote,
+                        &mut staged,
+                    );
+                    assert!(
+                        staged.is_empty(),
+                        "nothing staged for a unit we do not have"
+                    );
+                },
+            )
+            .unwrap();
+            assert!(w.entity(e).get::<UnitMoveModes>().is_none());
+        }
+
+        /// **A rooted unit cannot be splined** — `0x6187a0`, the server position/spline apply,
+        /// opens `0x6187c2 test ah,0x10` and returns. So a path the server queued before it pinned
+        /// the body does not move it.
+        ///
+        /// The gate is scoped to the *path*, not to the packet: what wow-re establishes is that
+        /// the position/spline apply is refused, and the one other thing the handler is known to do
+        /// (the un-nock tail) is verified to run on every path through it. The assertion below is
+        /// therefore about the `Spline` and nothing else.
+        #[test]
+        fn a_rooted_unit_refuses_the_path_the_server_queued() {
+            let mut w = World::new();
+            let e = w
+                .spawn((
+                    Transform::default(),
+                    NetEntity {
+                        kind: EntityKind::Unit,
+                        display_id: None,
+                        scale: 1.0,
+                    },
+                ))
+                .id();
+            let mut index = GuidIndex::default();
+            index.0.insert(MOB, e);
+            w.insert_resource(index);
+
+            let path = vec![[0.0, 0.0, 0.0], [30.0, 0.0, 0.0]];
+            for (rooted, expect_spline) in [(true, false), (false, true)] {
+                let path = path.clone();
+                w.run_system_once(
+                    move |mut commands: Commands,
+                          index: Res<GuidIndex>,
+                          mut transforms: Query<&mut Transform>| {
+                        monster_move(
+                            MOB,
+                            [0.0, 0.0, 0.0],
+                            7,
+                            path.clone(),
+                            MonsterMoveFacing::None,
+                            false,
+                            3000,
+                            false,
+                            true,
+                            rooted,
+                            &mut commands,
+                            &index,
+                            &mut transforms,
+                        );
+                    },
+                )
+                .unwrap();
+                assert_eq!(
+                    w.entity(e).get::<Spline>().is_some(),
+                    expect_spline,
+                    "rooted={rooted}: a pinned body takes no path, an unpinned one does"
+                );
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
     /// A dismounted human's set — 1.12.1's base run 7.0 (the `--speed` probe's own golden).
     fn on_foot() -> MoveSpeeds {
         MoveSpeeds {
diff --git a/crates/benilla-app/src/net/motion.rs b/crates/benilla-app/src/net/motion.rs
index 7c13bcc6..83cb9812 100644
--- a/crates/benilla-app/src/net/motion.rs
+++ b/crates/benilla-app/src/net/motion.rs
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ use benilla_assets::coords::{wow_rotation_to_bevy, wow_to_bevy};
 use bevy::prelude::*;
 
 mod facing;
+mod modes;
 mod relay;
 mod remote;
 mod spline;
@@ -33,6 +34,8 @@ pub(crate) use facing::drive_display_facing;
 pub(in crate::net) use facing::resolve_facing;
 pub(in crate::net) use facing::DisplayFacing;
 pub(crate) use facing::FacingStep;
+pub(crate) use modes::UnitMoveModes;
+pub(in crate::net) use modes::ROOT_APPLY_WIPE;
 pub(crate) use relay::{PendingMove, RelayMove};
 pub(crate) use remote::jump_seed;
 pub(crate) use remote::RemoteMotion;
diff --git a/crates/benilla-app/src/net/motion/modes.rs b/crates/benilla-app/src/net/motion/modes.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c800c8e6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/benilla-app/src/net/motion/modes.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+//! The movement modes the server grants a unit we do **not** control — the `SMSG_SPLINE_MOVE_*`
+//! family's state (decision 1780).
+
+use benilla_protocol::SplineMode;
+use bevy::prelude::*;
+
+use crate::creature_anim::move_flags;
+
+/// **A streamed unit's server-granted movement modes**, as `MOVEMENTFLAGS` bits — root, water-walk,
+/// feather-fall, hover, walk-mode and swim.
+///
+/// This is [`crate::player::state::MoveModes`]' observer twin: the same bits, in the same word, for
+/// a body somebody else is driving. It exists because those bits had **nowhere to live** for a unit
+/// that is not our mover — a remote player's arrive inside [`super::RemoteMotion::flags`] with each
+/// relayed pose, and a creature, which never sends a pose at all, had no flags word whatsoever. So
+/// every mode a creature was granted was simply dropped: `crates/benilla-app/src/net/motion/
+/// remote.rs` said as much in as many words ("a remote's own granted modes are not modelled yet").
+///
+/// **One word per unit is the reference's own shape**, not a convenience: `CMovement` is embedded at
+/// `CGUnit+0x9a8` and its `+0x40` MOVEMENTFLAGS dword is *the* per-unit movement state, written by
+/// the relay merge, the create block, the spline installer and this opcode family alike (wow-re
+/// `collision/scratch/moveflag-family.md` §5.2). We keep the granted-mode half separate from
+/// [`super::RemoteMotion::flags`] for one reason: the relay merge re-authors that word wholesale
+/// from every pose, and a creature has no poses to be re-authored from.
+///
+/// Absent component ⇒ no modes granted, which is the overwhelming majority of units; it is inserted
+/// on the first `SMSG_SPLINE_MOVE_*` that names the unit and lives as long as the entity, exactly as
+/// the reference's word lives as long as the `CGUnit` (`walk-mode-law.md` §1: `CMovement` is
+/// constructed once per unit and nothing else clears it).
+#[derive(Component, Default, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]
+pub(crate) struct UnitMoveModes(pub(crate) u32);
+
+impl UnitMoveModes {
+    /// Grant or revoke one mode. `apply` is always the direction of the bit — the run/walk pair's
+    /// inversion against its opcode names is folded at the parse ([`SplineMode::WalkMode`]).
+    pub(crate) fn set(&mut self, mode: SplineMode, apply: bool) {
+        if apply {
+            self.0 |= mode.flag();
+        } else {
+            self.0 &= !mode.flag();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Rooted (`MOVEFLAG_ROOT`) — this unit **cannot be splined**: the reference's server-position
+    /// apply `0x6187a0` refuses outright while the bit is set (`0x6187c2 test ah,0x10`; wow-re
+    /// `moveflag-family.md` §5.3/§5.4, *"cannot translate, cannot jump, cannot be splined"*).
+    pub(crate) fn rooted(self) -> bool {
+        self.0 & move_flags::ROOT != 0
+    }
+
+    /// Hovering (`MOVEFLAG_HOVER`) — the body rests [`crate::player::HOVER_HEIGHT`] above the floor.
+    pub(crate) fn hovering(self) -> bool {
+        self.0 & move_flags::HOVER != 0
+    }
+
+    /// Water-walking (`MOVEFLAG_WATERWALKING`) — the liquid surface counts as walkable ground.
+    pub(crate) fn water_walking(self) -> bool {
+        self.0 & move_flags::WATER_WALKING != 0
+    }
+}
+
+// **`MOVEFLAG_SAFE_FALL` deliberately has no accessor here.** The bit is carried in the word (and
+// folded into the animation selector's view like every other), but nothing reads it *from this
+// component*, for a structural reason: benilla integrates a fall for exactly two bodies — our own
+// mover, whose feather fall is [`crate::player::state::MoveModes::feather_fall`], and a relayed
+// player, whose `MOVEFLAG_SAFE_FALL` rides its own poses inside the server-authored merge mask and
+// is read straight off [`super::RemoteMotion::flags`] there. A creature, the one body this
+// component is really for, never falls: it rides its [`super::Spline`] and its Z is the ground
+// clamp's. An accessor with no caller would be a claim that the mode is wired when it is not.
+
+/// **What `SetRoot 0x7c7340` wipes from the flags word at apply**, as a mask to AND with: the four
+/// direction bits, the two keyboard turn bits and the two pitch bits (`0xff`), the `0x8000` latch,
+/// and the five deferred-input latches (`0x1f0000`) — `and dword ptr [esi+0x40], 0xffe07f00`,
+/// read byte-for-byte in wow-re `moveflag-family.md` §1.
+///
+/// It is a **one-shot wipe at apply**, not a standing gate, and it is the whole reason a rooted
+/// mover stops rather than coasting: with the direction bits gone the unit fails the client's
+/// integration gate (`move_flags::INTEGRATED`, `0x616e20 test dword [esi+0x40],0x20ff`) and is not
+/// stepped at all. `ROOT` itself is preserved by the mask.
+pub(crate) const ROOT_APPLY_WIPE: u32 = 0xffe0_7f00;
diff --git a/crates/benilla-app/src/net/motion/remote.rs b/crates/benilla-app/src/net/motion/remote.rs
index f9002431..a73f382b 100644
--- a/crates/benilla-app/src/net/motion/remote.rs
+++ b/crates/benilla-app/src/net/motion/remote.rs
@@ -345,7 +345,8 @@ pub(in crate::net) fn apply_move(
                 .remove::<crate::transport::TransportRider>();
         }
     }
-    let (vertical_velocity, jump_xy_vel) = jump_seed(ev.jump, ev.fall_time);
+    let (vertical_velocity, jump_xy_vel) =
+        jump_seed(ev.jump, ev.fall_time, ev.flags & move_flags::SAFE_FALL != 0);
     let now_falling = ev.flags & FALLING != 0;
     // The remote landing predictor (decision 0415): on the FALLING → grounded edge the fall
     // height gates the grunt + dust puff, exactly as the self controller does for us.
@@ -436,12 +437,17 @@ pub(in crate::net) fn drain_pending_moves(
 /// ([`drain_pending_moves`]); a dead-reckon that advanced on a different (virtual, clamped) clock
 /// than the fire-times it converges toward would never land on them.
 #[allow(clippy::type_complexity)]
+#[allow(clippy::too_many_arguments)] // a Bevy system signature: one param per resource/query
 pub(in crate::net) fn extrapolate_remote_units(
     time: Res<Time<Real>>,
     mut commands: Commands,
     // Avian's kinematic move-and-slide + the player-body capsule — the *same* pair the local
     // controller sweeps (decision 0626): one controller, every mover.
     world: benilla_world::collision::WorldCollision,
+    // The liquid query, for a water-walking mover's surface (decision 1780). Liquid is asked on our
+    // side rather than swept, so — exactly as the local controller does — the plane has to be handed
+    // to the step ([`crate::player::mover::Support::water`]).
+    points: benilla_world::world_point::WorldPoint,
     capsule: Res<crate::player::PlayerCapsule>,
     // The runaway watch's per-mover throttle: the last whole silent second reported, so a stuck
     // mover writes one line a second rather than one a frame. Trace-only, hence a `Local` and not
@@ -458,6 +464,13 @@ pub(in crate::net) fn extrapolate_remote_units(
             Option<&mut crate::creature_anim::BodyTwist>,
             Has<super::FacingStep>,
             Has<crate::transport::TransportRider>,
+            // The server-granted modes this unit was handed by the `SMSG_SPLINE_MOVE_*` family
+            // (decision 1780). Normally empty on a relayed **player** — vmangos only broadcasts
+            // that family for a unit it is driving itself — which is exactly why it is OR'd with
+            // the pose's own flags below rather than replacing them: for a player the modes ride
+            // the pose (they are inside the server-authored merge mask), for a creature they ride
+            // this component, and the union is the reference's one `CMovement+0x40` word.
+            Option<&crate::net::UnitMoveModes>,
         ),
         (Without<Spline>, Without<ActiveMover>),
     >,
@@ -465,7 +478,7 @@ pub(in crate::net) fn extrapolate_remote_units(
     use crate::creature_anim::{ease_strafe_yaw, strafe_body_offset, wrap_pi};
     let dt = time.delta_secs();
     let now_ms = time.elapsed_secs_f64() * 1000.0;
-    for (e, mut t, mut rm, speeds, twist, latched, riding) in &mut q {
+    for (e, mut t, mut rm, speeds, twist, latched, riding, granted) in &mut q {
         // The runaway watch (trace-only): a mover still carrying a direction flag, with nothing
         // queued behind it and nothing applied for seconds, is running on our extrapolation alone.
         if benilla_assets::trace::enabled() {
@@ -534,6 +547,12 @@ pub(in crate::net) fn extrapolate_remote_units(
         // this resolve for a flag-still mover whose answer was proven identical (1473 §3), and the
         // gate skips it strictly earlier and for a stated reason — taking the last un-dated
         // collision cache (1384's part 3, never fixed on this lane) with it.
+        //
+        // **This mover's whole `MOVEMENTFLAGS` word, as the reference holds it** (decision 1780):
+        // the pose's own flags plus whatever the `SMSG_SPLINE_MOVE_*` family granted. Read by the
+        // ground step's `Support` below — not by the integration gate on the next line, which is
+        // the reference's own `0x20ff` over the *pose's* direction bits and none of the modes.
+        let modes = rm.flags | granted.map_or(0, |m| m.0);
         let integrating = rm.flags & move_flags::INTEGRATED != 0 || idle_gate_disabled();
         if integrating && !afloat && !riding && !flat_extrapolation() {
             let half_h = Vec3::Y * (crate::player::CAPSULE_HEIGHT * 0.5);
@@ -549,24 +568,53 @@ pub(in crate::net) fn extrapolate_remote_units(
             let resolved_center = if airborne {
                 crate::player::mover::airborne_step(&world, &capsule.0, from, vel, time.delta())
             } else {
+                // **The observed mover's own granted modes, honoured** (decision 1780 — 0866 built
+                // the family for our own mover and left this site reading `Support::default()`,
+                // which drew a hovering watched player a yard low and sagged a water-walker
+                // through the surface between packets). `modes` is the union of the pose's flags
+                // and the `SMSG_SPLINE_MOVE_*` component, which is the reference's single
+                // `CMovement+0x40` word; see the query docs for why a union is exact here.
+                //
+                // Both halves are the local controller's, unchanged: [`Support::offset`] is
+                // HOVER's yard (`0x636e81`) and [`Support::water`] is the liquid plane
+                // `MOVEFLAG_WATERWALKING` ORs into the reference's trace mask (`0x63162e`), which
+                // ours has to be handed because liquid is queried rather than swept.
+                //
+                // `swimming` is read off the same word — the water plane is **not** floor while
+                // swimming (`moveflag-family.md` §2.2: the arm is taken only when the swim bit is
+                // clear), which is what keeps a water-walker who is already in deep water from
+                // being popped onto the surface. The pitch gate the local mover applies is the
+                // *aim* pitch of a diving player and has no meaning for an observed one, so it is
+                // deliberately not reproduced: `water_floor`'s three gates are asked here as the
+                // two that apply.
+                //
+                // Still **no carried steep-support bit** (1129): it is per-frame state the
+                // dead-reckon does not keep between packets, so a watched player descending a
+                // steep face gets the ordinary cone reach, and the next packet's wire Z corrects
+                // whatever that misses.
+                let water = (modes & move_flags::WATER_WALKING != 0
+                    && modes & move_flags::SWIMMING == 0)
+                    .then(|| {
+                        points
+                            .liquid_at(benilla_world::world_point::Subject::Unit(e), pos)
+                            .map(|hit| wow_to_bevy(pos).y + (hit.surface_z - pos[2]))
+                    })
+                    .flatten();
                 let g = crate::player::mover::grounded_step(
                     &world,
                     &capsule.0,
                     from,
                     vel,
                     time.delta(),
-                    // Default support: **no hover offset and no water plane**, because a remote's
-                    // own granted modes are not modelled yet — decision 0866 builds the family for
-                    // our own mover. A hovering *observed* player draws a yard low until the
-                    // relayed `MSG_MOVE_HOVER` is read into per-unit mode state, and an observed
-                    // water-walker's dead-reckon steps down through the surface between packets
-                    // (decision 1623's sag, unfought here because nothing climbs it back) until the
-                    // next wire Z corrects it; the same shape as every other unmodelled remote
-                    // mode. And **no carried steep-support bit** (1129):
-                    // it is per-frame state the dead-reckon does not keep between packets, so a
-                    // watched player descending a steep face gets the ordinary cone reach, and the
-                    // next packet's wire Z corrects whatever that misses.
-                    crate::player::mover::Support::default(),
+                    crate::player::mover::Support {
+                        offset: if modes & move_flags::HOVER != 0 {
+                            crate::player::HOVER_HEIGHT
+                        } else {
+                            0.0
+                        },
+                        water,
+                        steep: false,
+                    },
                 );
                 g.center
             };
@@ -688,11 +736,20 @@ pub(in crate::net) fn extrapolate_remote_units(
 /// and the current up-speed is `-zspeed - g·t`. Mirrors vmangos `Unit.cpp` `ExtrapolateMovement`
 /// (`z = start.z + jumpInitialSpeed·t - ½g·t²`, `jumpInitialSpeed = -zspeed`) under the same `gravity`
 /// (decision 0053; sign corrected by the sniff — decision 0054).
-pub(crate) fn jump_seed(jump: Option<JumpInfo>, fall_time: u32) -> (f32, [f32; 2]) {
+///
+/// `feather` picks the clamp the recovered speed lands on — the reference's `0x7c5d20` chooses
+/// `[0x87d898]` = 7.0 over `[0x87d894]` = 60.148 on `MOVEFLAG_SAFE_FALL`, and it is the *mover's*
+/// bit, so a watched Slow Fall recovers to 7 yd/s exactly as ours does (decisions 0866, 1780).
+pub(crate) fn jump_seed(jump: Option<JumpInfo>, fall_time: u32, feather: bool) -> (f32, [f32; 2]) {
+    let terminal = if feather {
+        crate::player::FEATHER_TERMINAL_VELOCITY
+    } else {
+        TERMINAL_VELOCITY
+    };
     match jump {
         Some(j) => {
             let t = fall_time as f32 / 1000.0;
-            let vertical = (-j.zspeed - GRAVITY * t).max(-TERMINAL_VELOCITY);
+            let vertical = (-j.zspeed - GRAVITY * t).max(-terminal);
             (
                 vertical,
                 [j.cos_angle * j.xy_speed, j.sin_angle * j.xy_speed],
@@ -772,8 +829,18 @@ impl RemoteMotion {
             // watched player's jump overshot by `½·g·dt²` every frame and floated; the local mover
             // had the mirror-image bug in the other direction. The mean velocity is the exact
             // displacement rate under constant acceleration, so neither drifts now.
+            //
+            // **Feather fall is the mover's own bit** (decision 1780): `MOVEFLAG_SAFE_FALL` is
+            // inside the reference's server-authored merge mask, so a watched player under Slow
+            // Fall or Levitate arrives carrying it in every relayed pose — this word IS the word
+            // `0x7c5d23` tests, and picking the clamp off it is the whole of the mechanism.
+            let terminal = if self.flags & move_flags::SAFE_FALL != 0 {
+                crate::player::FEATHER_TERMINAL_VELOCITY
+            } else {
+                TERMINAL_VELOCITY
+            };
             let (vertical, mean_vy) =
-                crate::player::mover::fall_step(self.vertical_velocity, dt, TERMINAL_VELOCITY);
+                crate::player::mover::fall_step(self.vertical_velocity, dt, terminal);
             pos[2] += mean_vy * dt;
             let speed = self.jump_xy_vel[0].hypot(self.jump_xy_vel[1]);
             return (pos, self.orientation, vertical, speed);
@@ -937,6 +1004,10 @@ mod under_floor {
             PhysicsPlugins::new(bevy::app::PostUpdate),
         ));
         app.init_asset::<Mesh>().init_resource::<ColliderEpoch>();
+        // The liquid/room facade the clamp and the dead-reckon both ask for a water-walker's
+        // surface (decision 1780). Seeded empty: this harness is about geometry, and an empty
+        // world answers "no liquid here", which is the case every test below is written for.
+        benilla_world::world_point::init_world_point_resources(app.world_mut());
         app.insert_resource(PlayerCapsule(Collider::capsule(
             CAPSULE_RADIUS,
             CAPSULE_HEIGHT - 2.0 * CAPSULE_RADIUS,
diff --git a/crates/benilla-app/src/net/motion/spline.rs b/crates/benilla-app/src/net/motion/spline.rs
index f8e9e9a4..cd515f39 100644
--- a/crates/benilla-app/src/net/motion/spline.rs
+++ b/crates/benilla-app/src/net/motion/spline.rs
@@ -533,6 +533,9 @@ const GROUND_CLAMP_DOWN: f32 = 4.0;
 #[allow(clippy::type_complexity)] // one Bevy system's full input set
 pub(in crate::net) fn ground_clamp_creatures(
     world: benilla_world::collision::WorldCollision,
+    // The liquid query — a water-walking creature's floor is the surface, not the lakebed
+    // (decision 1780).
+    points: benilla_world::world_point::WorldPoint,
     epoch: Res<benilla_world::collision::ColliderEpoch>,
     mut commands: Commands,
     mut q: Query<(
@@ -542,6 +545,10 @@ pub(in crate::net) fn ground_clamp_creatures(
         &mut Transform,
         Option<&mut GroundClamped>,
         Has<CreatureSwimming>,
+        // The server-granted movement modes (decision 1780). Two of them move this answer: HOVER
+        // rests the body a yard clear of the floor it found, and WATERWALKING makes the liquid
+        // surface one of the floors it can find.
+        Option<&crate::net::UnitMoveModes>,
     )>,
 ) {
     let cost = clamp_cost_enabled();
@@ -554,7 +561,7 @@ pub(in crate::net) fn ground_clamp_creatures(
     // `armed` means the collider set is churning and the gate is holding nothing.
     let (mut reseat, mut armed) = (0u32, 0u32);
 
-    for (entity, net, spline, mut t, mut clamped, swimming) in &mut q {
+    for (entity, net, spline, mut t, mut clamped, swimming, modes) in &mut q {
         visited += 1;
         if net.kind != EntityKind::Unit {
             skipped += 1;
@@ -569,6 +576,11 @@ pub(in crate::net) fn ground_clamp_creatures(
             continue; // in-liquid: the wire Z is the creature's swim depth
         }
         let xz = [t.translation.x, t.translation.z];
+        // The granted-mode word is a *fourth input to the ray's answer*, so it joins the cache
+        // gate below: a creature that is handed HOVER while standing perfectly still has not moved
+        // and the world has not changed, and without this its cached ground answer would outlive
+        // the grant (decision 1780).
+        let granted = modes.copied().unwrap_or_default();
         // **Re-seat on any write that wasn't ours.** The Y standing here differs from the one this
         // unit's last clamp left behind exactly when somebody who owns this unit's position moved
         // it — the wire, its spline, a transport deck — and *that* Y is the authority the probe
@@ -591,7 +603,7 @@ pub(in crate::net) fn ground_clamp_creatures(
             let same_question = if legacy {
                 c.y_written == t.translation.y
             } else {
-                c.seat_y == seat_y && c.epoch == epoch.get()
+                c.seat_y == seat_y && c.epoch == epoch.get() && c.modes == granted
             };
             if c.hit && c.xz == xz && same_question {
                 held += 1;
@@ -614,13 +626,41 @@ pub(in crate::net) fn ground_clamp_creatures(
         let hit = world.ray_body(origin, Dir3::NEG_Y, reach);
         // The down-ray's hit point Y = feet on the surface; no surface in reach = the seat, i.e.
         // where the server put it.
-        let y = match &hit {
+        let mut y = match &hit {
             Some(h) => {
                 hit_n += 1;
                 origin.y - h.distance
             }
             None => seat_y,
         };
+        // **Water walking** (decision 1780): `MOVEFLAG_WATERWALKING` ORs the two ADT liquid layers
+        // into the reference's walk trace mask (`0x63162e or edi,0x30000`), so the surface simply
+        // *is* floor and the one trace elects between it and the terrain. Ours queries liquid
+        // separately, so the election is written out: the higher of the two wins, which is what a
+        // single trace against both would have returned. Reached only by a creature the swim mark
+        // has already let through — the reference takes this arm only when the swim bit is clear
+        // (wow-re `moveflag-family.md` §2.2), and a swimming creature `continue`d above.
+        if granted.water_walking() {
+            let wow = bevy_to_wow(t.translation);
+            let who = benilla_world::world_point::Subject::Unit(entity);
+            if let Some(l) = points.liquid_at(who, wow) {
+                y = y.max(t.translation.y + (l.surface_z - wow[2]));
+            }
+        }
+        // **Hover** (decision 1780): the body rests [`crate::player::HOVER_HEIGHT`] above the floor
+        // — and, faithfully, **does not descend at all when the floor is under a yard away**. The
+        // reference's finalize is `z_final = z_before_snap − max(L − 1.0, 0)` (`0x636e81`-`0x636ea9`,
+        // wow-re `moveflag-family.md` §4.1), with `L` the achieved down-probe distance; here `L` is
+        // `seat_y − y`, so the same expression is `(y + 1.0).min(seat_y)`.
+        //
+        // The reference's second, rate-limited pass (`0x636fa1`, climbing back toward the clearance
+        // at 7 yd/s) is deliberately NOT reproduced: this clamp is a pure function of (server pose,
+        // colliders) by construction, which is what makes its cache gate sound (decision 1384), and
+        // a per-frame ramp is state. A creature's seat is the server's, so the static answer is the
+        // one it converges to anyway.
+        if granted.hovering() {
+            y = (y + crate::player::HOVER_HEIGHT).min(seat_y);
+        }
         // Exact bit equality is deliberate, not a sloppy float compare: the question is "would the
         // write change anything" — Bevy's change detection fires on the DerefMut regardless of
         // value, so writing an equal Y every frame marked every standing creature's transform
@@ -636,6 +676,7 @@ pub(in crate::net) fn ground_clamp_creatures(
             y_written: t.translation.y,
             hit: hit.is_some(),
             epoch: epoch.get(),
+            modes: granted,
         };
         match clamped.as_deref_mut() {
             Some(c) => *c = state,
@@ -805,6 +846,10 @@ pub(crate) struct GroundClamped {
     /// The collider-set stamp the answer was computed against — a cached answer outlives neither
     /// the unit's own pose nor the world it described.
     epoch: u64,
+    /// The granted-mode word the answer was computed under (decision 1780). HOVER and WATERWALKING
+    /// both change what the same ray, from the same seat, in the same world, resolves to — so they
+    /// are as much an input to the cached answer as the other three.
+    modes: crate::net::UnitMoveModes,
 }
 
 /// The reference's `0x6030c0` decision for one creature, as a pure function of everything it
@@ -951,6 +996,10 @@ mod under_floor {
             PhysicsPlugins::new(bevy::app::PostUpdate),
         ));
         app.init_asset::<Mesh>().init_resource::<ColliderEpoch>();
+        // The liquid/room facade the clamp and the dead-reckon both ask for a water-walker's
+        // surface (decision 1780). Seeded empty: this harness is about geometry, and an empty
+        // world answers "no liquid here", which is the case every test below is written for.
+        benilla_world::world_point::init_world_point_resources(app.world_mut());
         // `update()` never runs plugin `finish()`, where avian seats its diagnostics resources —
         // and the second `update()` below (the one that lands the late floor) does step physics.
         app.finish();
@@ -1015,6 +1064,74 @@ mod under_floor {
         );
     }
 
+    /// **A hovering creature rests exactly a yard over the floor it found** — and, faithfully,
+    /// **does not descend at all when that floor is under a yard away** (decision 1780). The
+    /// reference finalises `z = z_before_snap − max(L − 1.0, 0)` (`0x636e81`-`0x636ea9`), so the
+    /// grant is not "+1 yd" but "stop a yard short of the snap, and never move *up*".
+    ///
+    /// The second half is the one worth pinning: written as a plain `floor + 1.0` the same grant
+    /// would *raise* a creature the server had already placed inside that yard, which is a body
+    /// popping upward on an aura that is supposed to leave it where it is.
+    #[test]
+    fn a_hovering_creature_floats_a_yard_and_never_climbs() {
+        let (mut app, npc) = half_arrived_world();
+        clamp(&mut app);
+        assert_eq!(y_of(&app, npc), TERRAIN_Y, "the plain snap, for reference");
+
+        // The grant arrives on a body that has not moved: the cached answer must not outlive it.
+        app.world_mut()
+            .entity_mut(npc)
+            .insert(crate::net::UnitMoveModes(
+                crate::creature_anim::move_flags::HOVER,
+            ));
+        clamp(&mut app);
+        assert_eq!(
+            y_of(&app, npc),
+            TERRAIN_Y + crate::player::HOVER_HEIGHT,
+            "a yard clear of the floor — and the grant alone re-armed the cast"
+        );
+
+        // Now the near case: seat the body less than a yard over its floor. `min(seat)` holds it
+        // where the server put it rather than lifting it to the clearance.
+        let near = TERRAIN_Y + 0.25;
+        app.world_mut()
+            .entity_mut(npc)
+            .get_mut::<Transform>()
+            .unwrap()
+            .translation
+            .y = near;
+        clamp(&mut app);
+        assert_eq!(
+            y_of(&app, npc),
+            near,
+            "inside the clearance the reference subtracts nothing — it must not climb"
+        );
+    }
+
+    /// The water-walker's floor election, and the one that proves it is an *election*: the surface
+    /// wins over a lakebed below it, and loses to ground above it. The reference gets this for
+    /// free — `MOVEFLAG_WATERWALKING` ORs the liquid layers into the walk trace's class mask
+    /// (`0x63162e`), so one trace returns whichever is nearer the feet. Ours queries liquid
+    /// separately, so the max() is that election written out (decision 1780).
+    ///
+    /// With no liquid in this harness the mode must be inert — which is the assertion that would
+    /// catch a `max` against a garbage surface (a `f32::MIN` sentinel, an unwrapped `None`).
+    #[test]
+    fn water_walking_with_no_liquid_changes_nothing() {
+        let (mut app, npc) = half_arrived_world();
+        app.world_mut()
+            .entity_mut(npc)
+            .insert(crate::net::UnitMoveModes(
+                crate::creature_anim::move_flags::WATER_WALKING,
+            ));
+        clamp(&mut app);
+        assert_eq!(
+            y_of(&app, npc),
+            TERRAIN_Y,
+            "no liquid over this NPC: the terrain is still the only floor"
+        );
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn a_settled_unit_is_not_re_cast_while_the_world_holds_still() {
         // 1357's saving, still intact: the gate holds an answer whose three inputs are unchanged.
diff --git a/crates/benilla-app/src/net/motion/tests.rs b/crates/benilla-app/src/net/motion/tests.rs
index 2c937b6c..6e6057aa 100644
--- a/crates/benilla-app/src/net/motion/tests.rs
+++ b/crates/benilla-app/src/net/motion/tests.rs
@@ -271,7 +271,7 @@ fn jump_seed_derives_velocity_and_clamps() {
         sin_angle: 0.0,
         xy_speed: 7.0,
     };
-    let (vz, xy) = jump_seed(Some(j), 0);
+    let (vz, xy) = jump_seed(Some(j), 0, false);
     assert!(
         (vz - 7.955_547).abs() < 1e-3,
         "take-off up-speed = -zspeed (positive, rising): {vz}"
@@ -281,19 +281,19 @@ fn jump_seed_derives_velocity_and_clamps() {
         "horizontal +X: {xy:?}"
     );
     // Mid-fall (1s in): up-speed = -zspeed − g·t (now negative, descending).
-    let (vz1, _) = jump_seed(Some(j), 1000);
+    let (vz1, _) = jump_seed(Some(j), 1000, false);
     assert!(
         (vz1 - (7.955_547 - GRAVITY)).abs() < 1e-3,
         "vertical decays by gravity: {vz1}"
     );
     // A long fall is clamped to terminal velocity.
-    let (vzt, _) = jump_seed(Some(j), 10_000);
+    let (vzt, _) = jump_seed(Some(j), 10_000, false);
     assert!(
         (vzt + TERMINAL_VELOCITY).abs() < 1e-3,
         "clamped to −terminal: {vzt}"
     );
     // A non-jumping packet → grounded: no vertical, no horizontal freeze.
-    assert_eq!(jump_seed(None, 0), (0.0, [0.0, 0.0]));
+    assert_eq!(jump_seed(None, 0, false), (0.0, [0.0, 0.0]));
 }
 
 #[test]
@@ -971,6 +971,9 @@ fn a_flag_still_remote_is_left_where_the_wire_put_it() {
     ));
     app.init_asset::<Mesh>()
         .init_resource::<benilla_world::collision::ColliderEpoch>();
+    // The liquid/room facade the dead-reckon asks for a water-walker's surface (decision 1780),
+    // seeded empty — no mover here has the mode, and an empty world answers "no liquid".
+    benilla_world::world_point::init_world_point_resources(app.world_mut());
     app.finish();
     app.cleanup();
     app.insert_resource(crate::player::PlayerCapsule(Collider::capsule(
diff --git a/crates/benilla-app/src/player/wire_in.rs b/crates/benilla-app/src/player/wire_in.rs
index 3366b6a6..6a5fe211 100644
--- a/crates/benilla-app/src/player/wire_in.rs
+++ b/crates/benilla-app/src/player/wire_in.rs
@@ -622,7 +622,7 @@ fn apply_self_move(
     // running the landing reaction when it just cleared.
     match (was_falling, now_falling) {
         (_, true) => {
-            let (vel_y, xy) = crate::net::jump_seed(m.jump, m.fall_time);
+            let (vel_y, xy) = crate::net::jump_seed(m.jump, m.fall_time, player.modes.feather_fall);
             let t = m.fall_time as f32 / 1000.0;
             player.airborne_since = Some(time.elapsed_secs() - t);
             player.jump_zspeed = m.jump.map_or(0.0, |j| -j.zspeed);
diff --git a/crates/benilla-app/src/ui_loot.rs b/crates/benilla-app/src/ui_loot.rs
index 359a451d..2b6cda9c 100644
--- a/crates/benilla-app/src/ui_loot.rs
+++ b/crates/benilla-app/src/ui_loot.rs
@@ -22,9 +22,7 @@
 //! → coin ? [`ClientCommand::LootMoney`] : [`ClientCommand::AutostoreLootItem`] (the clicked 1-based
 //! row mapped to the item's **wire** loot slot); `CloseLoot` → [`ClientCommand::LootRelease`].
 
-use benilla_protocol::messages::{
-    slot_type, ItemPushResult, LootItem, BAG_PLAYER_INVENTORY, SLOT_BAG_FIRST,
-};
+use benilla_protocol::messages::{slot_type, ItemPushResult, LootItem, BAG_PLAYER_INVENTORY};
 use bevy::prelude::*;
 
 use benilla_ui::script::{LootRow, LootState as LootSnapshot, ScriptValue, UiScript};
@@ -107,8 +105,9 @@ struct PendingReceive {
     tries: u16,
 }
 
-/// The wire push's `(bag, slot)` → the live-API **container id** the bag bar speaks (`0` backpack,
-/// `1..=4` an equipped bag, [`KEYRING_CONTAINER`] the keyring) — `ITEM_PUSH`'s `arg1`.
+/// The wire push's `(bag, slot)` → `ITEM_PUSH`'s **`arg1`**, in the reference's own vocabulary:
+/// `0` the backpack, `20..=23` an equipped bag (the INVENTORY-slot id its bag buttons carry),
+/// [`KEYRING_CONTAINER`] the keyring.
 ///
 /// **Byte-VERIFIED** at `CGGameUI::OnItemPush` `0x491bb5`-`0x491bd6`, which is the whole selector:
 ///
@@ -125,15 +124,21 @@ struct PendingReceive {
 ///   491bd4  xor eax,eax         ;  ⇒ 0 (the backpack)
 /// ```
 ///
-/// The one translation: the reference emits `bag + 1`, which is the **inventory-slot** id its bag
-/// buttons carry (`CharacterBag0Slot` = 20 … `Bag3Slot` = 23, `GetInventorySlotInfo`); benilla's bag
-/// bar is keyed by container id like every other bag surface here (`BAG_UPDATE(bagID)`,
-/// `BenillaBagBarSlot_InvSlot` = `19 + bagId`), so the same wire slots 19..22 become `1..=4`. Both
-/// vocabularies agree on `0` and `-2`, and both leave a non-equipped-bag container (a bank bag,
-/// wire 63..68) landing on an id no bag-bar button carries — no animation, exactly as there.
+/// **No translation any more, and that is the point.** This used to emit benilla's own container
+/// vocabulary (`1..=4` for the four bags), because benilla's bag BAR was ours and was keyed that
+/// way. 1751 window 3 made the bar the reference's own `MainMenuBarBagButtons.xml`, whose
+/// `ItemAnim_OnEvent` reads `this:GetParent():GetID()` — 20..23, from `GetInventorySlotInfo` — and
+/// compares it to `arg1`. Against the translated value that comparison is false for every bag, so
+/// the four bag cards would simply never have played, silently. The fix is not to adapt the
+/// reference's body: it is to stop translating, which is also what every addon reading `ITEM_PUSH`
+/// expects, so the function is now `0x491bb5`'s selector verbatim.
+///
+/// A non-equipped-bag container (a bank bag, wire 63..68) still lands on an id no bag-bar button
+/// carries — no animation, exactly as there.
 fn push_container(bag: u8, slot: u32) -> i64 {
     if bag != BAG_PLAYER_INVENTORY {
-        return i64::from(bag) - i64::from(SLOT_BAG_FIRST) + 1;
+        // `491bbb  lea eax,[edi+1]` — the wire bag byte plus one, nothing else.
+        return i64::from(bag) + 1;
     }
     if PUSH_KEYRING_SLOTS.contains(&slot) {
         return KEYRING_CONTAINER;
@@ -2130,10 +2135,10 @@ mod tests {
     /// value that decides which bag button the drop animation plays on.
     #[test]
     fn push_container_maps_the_wire_destination_onto_a_bag_bar_button() {
-        // `bag != 255` — an equipped bag. Wire 19..22 are the four bag inventory slots; the
-        // reference emits 20..23 (its buttons' inventory-slot ids), ours the container ids 1..=4.
-        assert_eq!(push_container(19, 0), 1);
-        assert_eq!(push_container(22, 5), 4);
+        // `bag != 255` — an equipped bag. Wire 19..22 are the four bag inventory slots, and the
+        // emitted value is the reference's own `bag + 1`: 20..23, the ids its buttons carry.
+        assert_eq!(push_container(19, 0), 20);
+        assert_eq!(push_container(22, 5), 23);
         // `bag == 255` with a keyring slot (the client's own 0x51..=0x70 window) — the keyring.
         assert_eq!(push_container(BAG_PLAYER_INVENTORY, 81), KEYRING_CONTAINER);
         assert_eq!(push_container(BAG_PLAYER_INVENTORY, 96), KEYRING_CONTAINER);
@@ -2147,7 +2152,7 @@ mod tests {
         assert_eq!(push_container(BAG_PLAYER_INVENTORY, u32::MAX), 0);
         // A bank bag (wire 63..68) lands on an id no bag-bar button carries: no animation, which is
         // exactly what the reference's `bag + 1` does with the same push.
-        assert!(!(0..=4).contains(&push_container(63, 0)));
+        assert!(!(20..=23).contains(&push_container(63, 0)));
     }
 
     #[test]
diff --git a/crates/benilla-app/src/ui_script/action_bar_tests.rs b/crates/benilla-app/src/ui_script/action_bar_tests.rs
index b843f535..30044d65 100644
--- a/crates/benilla-app/src/ui_script/action_bar_tests.rs
+++ b/crates/benilla-app/src/ui_script/action_bar_tests.rs
@@ -765,7 +765,7 @@ fn shipped_bag_frame_drives_end_to_end() {
     // [`BAG_UI`] is `benilla.toc`'s own order for everything a bag window needs. Three files join
     // it at the positions the manifest gives them:
     //   * ActionBar.xml straight after Cooldown.xml — the bag bar is anchored INTO
-    //     MainMenuBarArtFrame, so the bar must exist before BagFrame.xml loads or the toggle's
+    //     MainMenuBarArtFrame, so the bar must exist before the bag bar loads or the toggle's
     //     cross-file `relativeTo` silently falls back to the screen root (which would land in the
     //     right place here anyway, by the 1024-wide coincidence: screen BOTTOMRIGHT == the
     //     full-width bar's art-frame BOTTOMRIGHT — so the failure would be invisible);
@@ -780,7 +780,7 @@ fn shipped_bag_frame_drives_end_to_end() {
         if *file == "Cooldown.xml" {
             load_ui(&s, "ActionBar.xml");
         }
-        if *file == "BagFrame.xml" {
+        if *file == "Interface\\FrameXML\\MainMenuBarBagButtons.xml" {
             bar_frames = frames;
         }
     }
@@ -788,12 +788,13 @@ fn shipped_bag_frame_drives_end_to_end() {
     load_ui(&s, "MerchantFrame.xml");
 
     assert_eq!(
-        bar_frames, 12,
+        bar_frames, 16,
         "the bag bar is six CheckButtons — MainMenuBarBackpackButton, CharacterBag0..3Slot, \
-         KeyRingButton — each carrying one $parentItemAnim push card (decision 0887): 6 + 6. \
-         Every window this file used to declare (the backpack, four equipped bags, the keyring) \
-         is the reference's ContainerFrame now, and its slot buttons, close buttons and money \
-         rows went with it (decision 1751)"
+         KeyRingButton — each carrying one $parentItemAnim Model (6 + 6), plus a $parentCooldown \
+         Model on each of the four slots that inherit PaperDollItemSlotButtonTemplate (+4). The \
+         deleted BagFrame.xml built 12: it mirrored the six buttons and their push cards but had \
+         no cooldown on a bag-bar slot at all, which is the reference's own and is what the swap \
+         to Interface\\FrameXML\\MainMenuBarBagButtons.xml brought with it (1751 window 3)"
     );
 
     // The app's feed: a backpack with Tough Jerky ×5 in slot 1.
diff --git a/crates/benilla-app/src/ui_script/bag_tests.rs b/crates/benilla-app/src/ui_script/bag_tests.rs
index b7458a3d..17361758 100644
--- a/crates/benilla-app/src/ui_script/bag_tests.rs
+++ b/crates/benilla-app/src/ui_script/bag_tests.rs
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ fn backpack_toggle_plays_open_and_close_kits() {
     assert!(!open(&s, 0));
 
     // Toggle open → OnShow → igBackPackOpen.
-    s.run("BenillaBagToggle_OnClick()").unwrap();
+    s.run("MainMenuBarBackpackButton:Click()").unwrap();
     assert!(open(&s, 0));
     assert_eq!(
         s.take_sounds(),
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ fn backpack_toggle_plays_open_and_close_kits() {
     );
 
     // Toggle closed → OnHide → igBackPackClose.
-    s.run("BenillaBagToggle_OnClick()").unwrap();
+    s.run("MainMenuBarBackpackButton:Click()").unwrap();
     assert!(!open(&s, 0));
     assert_eq!(
         s.take_sounds(),
@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ fn b_opens_the_backpack_alone_and_closes_every_bag() {
     );
 
     // Toggle open: the BACKPACK, and only the backpack — bag 2 is equipped and stays shut.
-    s.run("BenillaBagToggle_OnClick()").unwrap();
+    s.run("MainMenuBarBackpackButton:Click()").unwrap();
     let _ = s.take_sounds();
     assert!(open(&s, 0), "backpack opens");
     assert!(
@@ -171,7 +171,7 @@ fn b_opens_the_backpack_alone_and_closes_every_bag() {
     // takes the lot down.
     s.run("ToggleBag(2)").unwrap();
     assert!(open(&s, 2));
-    s.run("BenillaBagToggle_OnClick()").unwrap();
+    s.run("MainMenuBarBackpackButton:Click()").unwrap();
     let _ = s.take_sounds();
     assert!(
         !open(&s, 0) && !open(&s, 2),
@@ -181,7 +181,7 @@ fn b_opens_the_backpack_alone_and_closes_every_bag() {
     // Bag 0 shut, bag 2 open: the ref's condition reads bag 0, so this is the OPEN arm — the
     // backpack joins the bag already up instead of closing it.
     s.run("ToggleBag(2)").unwrap();
-    s.run("BenillaBagToggle_OnClick()").unwrap();
+    s.run("MainMenuBarBackpackButton:Click()").unwrap();
     let _ = s.take_sounds();
     assert!(
         open(&s, 0) && open(&s, 2),
@@ -441,7 +441,7 @@ fn bag_tooltip_hangs_left_when_the_slot_sits_in_the_right_half() {
             slots,
         }),
     );
-    s.run("BenillaBagToggle_OnClick()").unwrap();
+    s.run("MainMenuBarBackpackButton:Click()").unwrap();
     s.take_sounds();
     s.resolve();
 
@@ -517,7 +517,7 @@ fn hovered_bag_tooltip_fills_itself_when_the_stats_land() {
             slots,
         }),
     );
-    s.run("BenillaBagToggle_OnClick()").unwrap();
+    s.run("MainMenuBarBackpackButton:Click()").unwrap();
     s.resolve();
     let btn = bag_slot_button(&s, 0, 1);
 
@@ -756,7 +756,7 @@ fn readable_letter_hover_shows_the_inspect_magnifier() {
             slots,
         }),
     );
-    s.run("BenillaBagToggle_OnClick()").unwrap();
+    s.run("MainMenuBarBackpackButton:Click()").unwrap();
     s.take_sounds();
     s.resolve();
     let b1 = bag_slot_button(&s, 0, 1);
@@ -824,7 +824,7 @@ fn drag_across_two_slots_queues_the_same_move_a_click_pickup_would() {
             slots,
         }),
     );
-    s.run("BenillaBagToggle_OnClick()").unwrap();
+    s.run("MainMenuBarBackpackButton:Click()").unwrap();
     s.take_sounds();
     s.resolve();
 
@@ -910,8 +910,7 @@ fn a_second_bag_window_feeds_and_paints_via_the_bag_bar() {
 
     assert!(!open(&s, 1), "hidden by default");
     // CharacterBag0Slot == bag id 1 (BenillaBagBarSlot_OnLoad(self, 1) in BagFrame.xml).
-    s.run("BenillaBagBarSlot_OnClick(CharacterBag0Slot)")
-        .unwrap();
+    s.run("CharacterBag0Slot:Click()").unwrap();
     let _ = s.take_sounds();
     assert!(open(&s, 1), "the bag-bar click opened bag 1's window");
     let w = window(&s, 1);
@@ -1040,7 +1039,7 @@ fn open_backpack_with_a_five_stack(s: &mut UiScript) -> (f32, f32) {
             slots,
         }),
     );
-    s.run("BenillaBagToggle_OnClick()").unwrap();
+    s.run("MainMenuBarBackpackButton:Click()").unwrap();
     let _ = s.take_sounds();
     s.resolve();
 
@@ -1391,10 +1390,19 @@ fn bag_slot_cooldown_sweeps_through_the_xml() {
 }
 
 /// The bar's five bag buttons had NO hover at all — the director's "the bags are missing their
-/// simple tooltips". These are the ref's plain `SetText` plates (ref-MainMenuBarBagButtons.xml
-/// l.91-99 for the backpack, ref-MainMenuBarBagButtons.lua l.86-96 for the four slots), NOT the
-/// two-line newbie kind the micro buttons next to them use — so what's pinned here is the label,
-/// the empty-slot fallback, and that they seat BESIDE the button rather than at the screen corner.
+/// simple tooltips". These are the ref's plain `SetText` plates (MainMenuBarBagButtons.xml l.91-99
+/// for the backpack, MainMenuBarBagButtons.lua l.86-96 for the four slots), NOT the two-line
+/// newbie kind the micro buttons next to them use — so what's pinned here is the label, the
+/// empty-slot fallback, and that they seat BESIDE the button rather than at the screen corner.
+///
+/// Those two bodies are the reference's OWN now (1751 window 3), which changes one thing this test
+/// records: **the binding-key suffix appears on the four slots too.** The reference appends
+/// `GetBindingKey("TOGGLEBAG"..(4 - (this:GetID() - CharacterBag0Slot:GetID())))` — its numbering
+/// runs the bar right-to-left, so the slot next to the backpack is `TOGGLEBAG4`, our F11
+/// (`bindings/commands.rs`, quoting ref Bindings.xml l.564-575). Our own handler never did this,
+/// so the suffix is new here and is the reference's behaviour, not a regression. The backpack's
+/// key is the reference's `TOGGLEBACKPACK` rather than the `OPENALLBAGS` ours read; both default
+/// to B, so the string is unchanged and only the reason is.
 #[test]
 fn the_bar_bag_buttons_name_themselves_on_hover() {
     let _data = benilla_formats::wow_data_or_skip!();
@@ -1410,14 +1418,13 @@ fn the_bar_bag_buttons_name_themselves_on_hover() {
     s.resolve();
 
     // The backpack: its label plus OPENALLBAGS's live key (default B; 0997's divergence note).
-    s.run("BenillaBagToggle_OnEnter(MainMenuBarBackpackButton)")
-        .unwrap();
+    hover(&mut s, "MainMenuBarBackpackButton");
     let line = s
         .eval::<String>("return GameTooltipTextLeft1:GetText()")
         .unwrap();
     assert!(
         line.starts_with("Backpack") && line.contains("(B)"),
-        "the backpack names itself and its key: {line:?}"
+        "the backpack names itself and its TOGGLEBACKPACK key: {line:?}"
     );
     // Beside the button, not the default corner — the ref's ANCHOR_LEFT.
     assert!(
@@ -1431,8 +1438,7 @@ fn the_bar_bag_buttons_name_themselves_on_hover() {
     );
 
     // An empty bag slot falls back to the ref's EQUIP_CONTAINER rather than showing nothing.
-    s.run("BenillaBagBarSlot_OnEnter(CharacterBag0Slot)")
-        .unwrap();
+    hover(&mut s, "CharacterBag0Slot");
     assert_eq!(
         s.eval::<String>("return GameTooltipTextLeft1:GetText()")
             .unwrap(),
@@ -1461,16 +1467,20 @@ fn the_bar_bag_buttons_name_themselves_on_hover() {
         enchants: Vec::new(),
     });
     s.set_inventory_slots(inv);
-    s.run("BenillaBagBarSlot_OnEnter(CharacterBag0Slot)")
+    hover(&mut s, "CharacterBag0Slot");
+    let line = s
+        .eval::<String>("return GameTooltipTextLeft1:GetText()")
         .unwrap();
-    assert_eq!(
-        s.eval::<String>("return GameTooltipTextLeft1:GetText()")
-            .unwrap(),
-        "Small Brown Pouch",
-        "an equipped slot shows that bag, not the empty-slot fallback"
+    assert!(
+        line.starts_with("Small Brown Pouch"),
+        "an equipped slot shows that bag, not the empty-slot fallback: {line:?}"
+    );
+    assert!(
+        line.contains("(F11)"),
+        "…and the reference appends this slot's own TOGGLEBAG4 key: {line:?}"
     );
 
-    s.run("BenillaBagBarButton_OnLeave()").unwrap();
+    unhover(&mut s);
     assert!(
         !s.eval::<bool>("return GameTooltip:IsVisible()").unwrap(),
         "leaving hides the plate"
@@ -1651,8 +1661,7 @@ fn the_keyring_button_opens_a_keyring_window() {
     let _ = s.take_sounds();
 
     assert!(!open(&s, -2));
-    s.run("BenillaKeyRingButton_OnClick(KeyRingButton)")
-        .unwrap();
+    s.run("KeyRingButton:Click()").unwrap();
     assert!(open(&s, -2), "the button opens the keyring");
     assert_eq!(
         s.take_sounds(),
@@ -1687,8 +1696,7 @@ fn the_keyring_button_opens_a_keyring_window() {
         7146
     );
 
-    s.run("BenillaKeyRingButton_OnClick(KeyRingButton)")
-        .unwrap();
+    s.run("KeyRingButton:Click()").unwrap();
     assert!(!open(&s, -2));
     assert_eq!(
         s.take_sounds(),
@@ -1730,8 +1738,7 @@ fn a_key_dropped_on_the_button_files_itself() {
     s.run("PickupContainerItem(0, 3)").unwrap();
     assert!(s.eval::<bool>("return CursorHasItem()").unwrap());
 
-    s.run("BenillaKeyRingButton_OnClick(KeyRingButton)")
-        .unwrap();
+    s.run("KeyRingButton:Click()").unwrap();
     assert_eq!(
         s.take_container_moves(),
         vec![ContainerMove {
@@ -1762,28 +1769,42 @@ fn a_key_dropped_on_the_button_files_itself() {
     }
     s.set_container(-2, Some(full));
     s.run("PickupContainerItem(0, 3)").unwrap();
-    // The refusal is now the REFERENCE's own `PutKeyInKeyRing`, reporting through the name its
-    // own line asks for — which 1.12 never defines. `BagFrame.xml` supplies it from the string the
-    // reference meant, and that repair is what this half of the test guards (its comment there
-    // carries the reasoning).
-    s.run("BenillaKeyRingButton_OnClick(KeyRingButton)")
-        .unwrap();
+    // The refusal is the REFERENCE's own `PutKeyInKeyRing`, reporting through the name its own
+    // line asks for — `NO_EMPTY_KEYRING_SLOTS`, which 1.12 never defines. So the drop is refused
+    // and **nothing is printed**: a real 1.12 bug, and faithful here on purpose.
+    //
+    // This client un-quirked it once, by assigning the string the reference plainly meant. Window
+    // 1 of 1751 retired that (ContainerFrameAdapters.xml's header records it), but the assignment
+    // itself outlived the decision in `BagFrame.xml` for a window and a half. Window 3 deleted that
+    // file, so the stated posture and the behaviour agree again. Restoring the repair is one line
+    // in the adapters if it is ever wanted; it is not silent either way.
+    s.run("KeyRingButton:Click()").unwrap();
     assert!(
         s.take_container_moves().is_empty(),
         "a full keyring queues no move"
     );
-    // ...and says so, on the errors frame — read where a player reads it, off the drawn quads.
-    // (`UIErrorsFrame` is a real `<MessageFrame>`; its lines are the widget's, not FontStrings.)
     s.resolve();
     assert!(
-        s.extract().iter().any(|q| matches!(
+        !s.extract().iter().any(|q| matches!(
             &q.content,
-            QuadContent::Text { text: Some(t), .. } if t == "Your keyring is full."
+            QuadContent::Text { text: Some(t), .. } if t.contains("keyring is full")
         )),
-        "the refusal posts to UIErrorsFrame — the reference's own dangling string name prints \
-         nothing"
+        "the reference's own dangling string name prints nothing — un-quirking it is a decision, \
+         not a default"
+    );
+    // The nil ALSO raises, out of `MessageFrame:AddMessage`. That is deliberately not asserted as
+    // correct: our binding takes its text as an mlua `String`, which raises on nil by default —
+    // not from a carved gate (`messageframe/plain.rs` reads `0x795590`'s rgb/alpha parse off the
+    // bytes and says nothing about the text argument). Whether 1.12 raises here, no-ops, or prints
+    // a blank line is out with wow-re. So this pins the keyring's own behaviour — the refusal, and
+    // the silence — and lets exactly that one error through by name, which still fails the test on
+    // any OTHER error the click produces.
+    let errs = s.errors();
+    assert!(
+        errs.iter()
+            .all(|e| e.contains("AddMessage") && e.contains("PutKeyInKeyRing")),
+        "the only error may be the reference's own nil message: {errs:?}"
     );
-    assert!(s.errors().is_empty(), "script errors: {:?}", s.errors());
 }
 
 /// The item-push drop animation (decision 0887): `ITEM_PUSH(container, icon)` runs the pushed item's
@@ -1806,13 +1827,13 @@ fn an_item_push_drops_its_icon_into_the_bag_that_took_it() {
     s.resolve();
 
     let shown = |s: &UiScript, name: &str| {
-        s.eval::<bool>(&format!("return {name}ItemAnim:IsShown()"))
+        s.eval::<bool>(&format!("return {name}BenillaItemPush:IsShown()"))
             .unwrap()
     };
     // The card's centre relative to its button's centre, in screen px (y-up): (dx, dy).
     let offset = |s: &UiScript, name: &str| -> (f32, f32) {
         s.eval::<(f32, f32)>(&format!(
-            "local a, b = {name}ItemAnim, {name} \
+            "local a, b = {name}BenillaItemPush, {name} \
              local ax, ay = a:GetLeft() + a:GetWidth() / 2, a:GetBottom() + a:GetHeight() / 2 \
              local bx, by = b:GetLeft() + b:GetWidth() / 2, b:GetBottom() + b:GetHeight() / 2 \
              return ax - bx, ay - by"
@@ -1820,11 +1841,11 @@ fn an_item_push_drops_its_icon_into_the_bag_that_took_it() {
         .unwrap()
     };
     let size = |s: &UiScript, name: &str| {
-        s.eval::<f32>(&format!("return {name}ItemAnim:GetWidth()"))
+        s.eval::<f32>(&format!("return {name}BenillaItemPush:GetWidth()"))
             .unwrap()
     };
     let alpha = |s: &UiScript, name: &str| {
-        s.eval::<f32>(&format!("return {name}ItemAnim:GetAlpha()"))
+        s.eval::<f32>(&format!("return {name}BenillaItemPush:GetAlpha()"))
             .unwrap()
     };
     // The card's centre relative to its button's BOTTOMRIGHT corner — the reference's OWN frame of
@@ -1834,7 +1855,7 @@ fn an_item_push_drops_its_icon_into_the_bag_that_took_it() {
     // instead is what let 0887's placement look plausible.
     let corner = |s: &UiScript, name: &str| -> (f32, f32) {
         s.eval::<(f32, f32)>(&format!(
-            "local a, b = {name}ItemAnim, {name} \
+            "local a, b = {name}BenillaItemPush, {name} \
              local ax, ay = a:GetLeft() + a:GetWidth() / 2, a:GetBottom() + a:GetHeight() / 2 \
              return ax - b:GetRight(), ay - b:GetBottom()"
         ))
@@ -1850,11 +1871,14 @@ fn an_item_push_drops_its_icon_into_the_bag_that_took_it() {
         assert!(!shown(&s, b), "{b}'s card starts hidden");
     }
 
-    // A push into equipped bag 2.
+    // A push into equipped bag 2. `arg1` is the reference's own vocabulary since 1751 window 3 —
+    // the button's INVENTORY-slot id, which is what `ItemAnim_OnEvent` compares against — so bag 2
+    // is `CharacterBag1Slot`'s 21, not the container id 2 this used to send (`ui_loot.rs`
+    // `push_container`, the `0x491bb5` selector).
     s.fire_event(
         "ITEM_PUSH",
         vec![
-            benilla_ui::script::ScriptValue::Int(2),
+            benilla_ui::script::ScriptValue::Int(21),
             benilla_ui::script::ScriptValue::Str("Interface\\Icons\\INV_Misc_Bag_08".into()),
         ],
     );
@@ -1988,11 +2012,16 @@ fn an_item_push_drops_its_icon_into_the_bag_that_took_it() {
         (cx + 16.87).abs() < 0.2 && (cy - 18.68).abs() < 0.2,
         "arrives at the ref's landing point: got ({cx}, {cy})"
     );
-    // Which is also, within a pixel, the button's own centre — the reference's card really does
-    // drop INTO the bag button, and that is the one thing 0887 got right for the wrong reason.
+    // Which is also, within a couple of pixels, the button's own centre — the reference's card
+    // really does drop INTO the bag button, and that is the one thing 0887 got right for the wrong
+    // reason. The corner-relative assertion above is the exact one; this is the sanity check, and
+    // its tolerance is a button-size term, not slack: the landing point is fixed relative to the
+    // button's BOTTOMRIGHT, so the offset from its CENTRE moves by half of any size change. The
+    // bar's buttons are 37x37 now — `ItemButtonTemplate`'s own size, inherited through the
+    // reference's `PaperDollItemSlotButtonTemplate` — where the deleted BagFrame.xml authored 36.
     let (dx, dy) = offset(&s, "CharacterBag1Slot");
     assert!(
-        dx.abs() < 1.5 && dy.abs() < 1.5,
+        dx.abs() < 2.0 && dy.abs() < 2.0,
         "lands on the button it went into: got ({dx}, {dy})"
     );
     assert!(
@@ -2064,7 +2093,7 @@ fn an_addon_that_hooks_toggle_backpack_receives_the_click() {
     .unwrap();
 
     // The button's own OnClick path — what the B binding and a plain backpack-button click run.
-    s.run("BenillaBagToggle_OnClick()").unwrap();
+    s.run("MainMenuBarBackpackButton:Click()").unwrap();
 
     assert_eq!(
         s.eval::<i64>("return HOOK_RAN").unwrap(),
@@ -2123,12 +2152,22 @@ fn the_bag_slots_carry_the_references_names_and_icon_names() {
         );
     }
 
-    // 0-based: CharacterBag0Slot is bag 1. Pinned because the off-by-one is the whole trap, and
-    // two name-building call sites had to learn it.
+    // 0-based: CharacterBag0Slot is bag 1, and the off-by-one is the whole trap. Asked the way the
+    // reference asks it, which is the only way there is now: the bar is stock
+    // `MainMenuBarBagButtons.xml` since 1751's third window, its buttons carry no `bagId` field,
+    // and every one of its handlers recomputes `this:GetID() - CharacterBag0Slot:GetID() + 1` at
+    // the call site. The ids themselves come from `GetInventorySlotInfo("Bag0Slot")` = 20 through
+    // the sourced `PaperDollItemSlotButton_OnLoad`, which is what makes the arithmetic work.
     assert_eq!(
-        s.eval::<i64>("return CharacterBag0Slot.bagId").unwrap(),
-        1,
-        "CharacterBag0Slot IS bag 1 — the reference names them 0-based"
+        s.eval::<i64>("return CharacterBag0Slot:GetID()").unwrap(),
+        20,
+        "CharacterBag0Slot's id is its INVENTORY slot — 8 corpus addons compute `GetID() - 19`"
+    );
+    assert_eq!(
+        s.eval::<i64>("return CharacterBag3Slot:GetID() - CharacterBag0Slot:GetID() + 1")
+            .unwrap(),
+        4,
+        "the reference's own translation: the fourth button is bag 4"
     );
 
     // Bagnon's exact reach.
diff --git a/crates/benilla-app/src/ui_script/bottom_hud_tests.rs b/crates/benilla-app/src/ui_script/bottom_hud_tests.rs
index 6f8682a9..ce0a8ad6 100644
--- a/crates/benilla-app/src/ui_script/bottom_hud_tests.rs
+++ b/crates/benilla-app/src/ui_script/bottom_hud_tests.rs
@@ -455,11 +455,11 @@ fn the_item_push_card_shares_the_band_with_a_raised_bar_exactly_as_the_reference
     s.tick(0.133); // the opaque peak — the instant the card is most visible
     s.resolve();
     assert!(
-        shown(&s, "MainMenuBarBackpackButtonItemAnim"),
+        shown(&s, "MainMenuBarBackpackButtonBenillaItemPush"),
         "the card plays"
     );
 
-    let card = rect(&s, "MainMenuBarBackpackButtonItemAnim");
+    let card = rect(&s, "MainMenuBarBackpackButtonBenillaItemPush");
     let bar = rect(&s, "MultiBarBottomRight");
     assert!(
         (card.1 - 48.9).abs() < 0.5 && (card.3 - 93.1).abs() < 0.5,
diff --git a/crates/benilla-app/src/ui_script/dressup_tests.rs b/crates/benilla-app/src/ui_script/dressup_tests.rs
index fbd0f6c7..5411c965 100644
--- a/crates/benilla-app/src/ui_script/dressup_tests.rs
+++ b/crates/benilla-app/src/ui_script/dressup_tests.rs
@@ -49,7 +49,6 @@ fn load_room(s: &UiScript) {
         "UIParent.xml",
         "GameTooltip.xml",
         "Cooldown.xml",
-        "BagFrame.xml",
     ] {
         load_xml(s, file);
     }
@@ -107,7 +106,7 @@ fn backpack_with_jerky(s: &mut UiScript) -> String {
             slots,
         }),
     );
-    s.run("BenillaBagToggle_OnClick()").unwrap();
+    s.run("MainMenuBarBackpackButton:Click()").unwrap();
     let _ = s.take_sounds();
     s.resolve();
     bag_slot_button(s, 0, 1)
diff --git a/crates/benilla-app/src/ui_script/escape_tests.rs b/crates/benilla-app/src/ui_script/escape_tests.rs
index 5e2db8cb..dd5cd340 100644
--- a/crates/benilla-app/src/ui_script/escape_tests.rs
+++ b/crates/benilla-app/src/ui_script/escape_tests.rs
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ fn escape_closes_bag_and_panel_releases_loot_and_clears_cursor() {
     s.set_container(0, Some(one_item_backpack()));
 
     // Open the bag and the loot window; drain the open kits (not under test here).
-    s.run("BenillaBagToggle_OnClick()").unwrap();
+    s.run("MainMenuBarBackpackButton:Click()").unwrap();
     s.set_loot(Some(LootState {
         fishing: false,
         master_candidates: Vec::new(),
@@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ fn escape_is_consumed_by_a_focused_editbox_and_leaves_windows_open() {
     s.set_money(0);
     s.set_container(0, Some(one_item_backpack()));
 
-    s.run("BenillaBagToggle_OnClick()").unwrap();
+    s.run("MainMenuBarBackpackButton:Click()").unwrap();
     assert!(
         s.focus_editbox("ChatFrameEditBox"),
         "the chat edit box focuses"
@@ -264,7 +264,7 @@ fn escape_closes_an_open_stack_split_frame() {
             slots,
         }),
     );
-    s.run("BenillaBagToggle_OnClick()").unwrap();
+    s.run("MainMenuBarBackpackButton:Click()").unwrap();
     assert!(bag_open(&s, 0), "the backpack window is up");
 
     // Open the spinner with a real SHIFT + left-click on the button holding slot 1 — asked of the
@@ -311,7 +311,7 @@ fn escape_ladder_cast_then_windows_then_target_one_eater_per_press() {
     load_xml(&s, "MerchantFrame.xml");
     s.set_money(0);
     s.set_container(0, Some(one_item_backpack()));
-    s.run("BenillaBagToggle_OnClick()").unwrap();
+    s.run("MainMenuBarBackpackButton:Click()").unwrap();
     let _ = s.take_sounds();
     assert!(bag_open(&s, 0));
     s.set_unit(
@@ -405,7 +405,7 @@ fn escape_ladder_targeting_rung_after_cast_before_windows() {
     load_xml(&s, "MerchantFrame.xml");
     s.set_money(0);
     s.set_container(0, Some(one_item_backpack()));
-    s.run("BenillaBagToggle_OnClick()").unwrap();
+    s.run("MainMenuBarBackpackButton:Click()").unwrap();
     let _ = s.take_sounds();
     assert!(bag_open(&s, 0));
 
diff --git a/crates/benilla-app/src/ui_script/frame_flag_gate.rs b/crates/benilla-app/src/ui_script/frame_flag_gate.rs
index 20676376..e935becc 100644
--- a/crates/benilla-app/src/ui_script/frame_flag_gate.rs
+++ b/crates/benilla-app/src/ui_script/frame_flag_gate.rs
@@ -347,37 +347,17 @@ const KNOWN: &[Known] = &[
     },
     // ── id ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
     //
-    // The reference side of this comparison is XML only: the sweep cannot see a `SetID` the
-    // reference makes from Lua at `OnLoad`, so a frame the reference numbers *there* reads as 0
-    // here. Every entry below is that case, and each ends at the same runtime number ours declares
-    // — which is why they are accepted rather than fixed. (The blind spot only ever under-reports:
-    // it can hide a divergence, never invent one, so nothing it misses is a false failure.)
-    Known {
-        frame: "CharacterBag0Slot",
-        flag: Flag::Id,
-        why: "the bag slots are numbered from Lua in the reference (ContainerFrame.lua's bag-slot \
-              OnLoad); ours declares the same inventory slot in XML",
-    },
-    Known {
-        frame: "CharacterBag1Slot",
-        flag: Flag::Id,
-        why: "as CharacterBag0Slot",
-    },
-    Known {
-        frame: "CharacterBag2Slot",
-        flag: Flag::Id,
-        why: "as CharacterBag0Slot",
-    },
-    Known {
-        frame: "CharacterBag3Slot",
-        flag: Flag::Id,
-        why: "as CharacterBag0Slot",
-    },
-    Known {
-        frame: "KeyRingButton",
-        flag: Flag::Id,
-        why: "-2 is KEYRING_CONTAINER, which the reference also arrives at — from Lua, not XML",
-    },
+    // Empty, and it is worth saying why rather than leaving a bare header. The reference side of
+    // this comparison is XML only: the sweep cannot see a `SetID` the reference makes from Lua at
+    // `OnLoad`, so a frame the reference numbers *there* used to read as 0 here while ours
+    // declared the number in XML. The five entries that lived here were all one case — the bag
+    // bar's `CharacterBag0..3Slot` and `KeyRingButton`.
+    //
+    // 1751's third window deleted them by making the difference not exist: the bar IS
+    // `Interface\FrameXML\MainMenuBarBagButtons.xml` now, so those ids come from
+    // `PaperDollItemSlotButton_OnLoad`'s `GetInventorySlotInfo` and from `this:SetID(
+    // KEYRING_CONTAINER)` — the reference's own Lua, on both sides. This gate reported them the
+    // frame it was built to report (1751 §5: the drift instruments retire with the copies).
     // ── parent ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
     //
     // Three, and each is a seat inside the SAME tree the reference seats it in — which is the
diff --git a/crates/benilla-app/src/ui_script/game_menu_tests.rs b/crates/benilla-app/src/ui_script/game_menu_tests.rs
index f941c2ed..4a884f83 100644
--- a/crates/benilla-app/src/ui_script/game_menu_tests.rs
+++ b/crates/benilla-app/src/ui_script/game_menu_tests.rs
@@ -204,7 +204,7 @@ fn escape_opens_the_menu_only_when_nothing_else_wants_the_press_and_then_closes_
     s.set_container(0, Some(backpack()));
 
     // A press with a window open is eaten by CloseAllWindows — the menu stays down.
-    s.run("BenillaBagToggle_OnClick()").unwrap();
+    s.run("MainMenuBarBackpackButton:Click()").unwrap();
     let _ = s.take_sounds();
     s.run("ToggleGameMenu()").unwrap();
     assert!(!bag_open(&s, 0), "the press closed the bag");
@@ -239,7 +239,7 @@ fn the_clicked_form_closes_everything_and_opens_the_menu_in_one_go() {
     let mut s = bag_harness_with(&[], &["MerchantFrame.xml"]);
     s.set_money(0);
     s.set_container(0, Some(backpack()));
-    s.run("BenillaBagToggle_OnClick()").unwrap();
+    s.run("MainMenuBarBackpackButton:Click()").unwrap();
     assert!(bag_open(&s, 0));
 
     s.run("ToggleGameMenu(1)").unwrap();
@@ -272,7 +272,7 @@ fn the_open_menu_takes_the_screen_and_refuses_every_other_panel() {
     );
     s.set_money(0);
     s.set_container(0, Some(backpack()));
-    s.run("BenillaBagToggle_OnClick()").unwrap();
+    s.run("MainMenuBarBackpackButton:Click()").unwrap();
     s.set_loot(Some(LootState {
         fishing: false,
         master_candidates: Vec::new(),
diff --git a/crates/benilla-app/src/ui_script/merchant_tests.rs b/crates/benilla-app/src/ui_script/merchant_tests.rs
index 690dfc27..8ed7c7f4 100644
--- a/crates/benilla-app/src/ui_script/merchant_tests.rs
+++ b/crates/benilla-app/src/ui_script/merchant_tests.rs
@@ -441,7 +441,7 @@ fn vendor_leaves_an_already_open_backpack_alone() {
     equip_bag(&mut s, 0, "Backpack", 16);
 
     // Open the bag first (the 'B' toggle), then the vendor over it.
-    s.run("BenillaBagToggle_OnClick()").unwrap();
+    s.run("MainMenuBarBackpackButton:Click()").unwrap();
     assert!(bag_open(&s, 0), "fixture: the player's own bag is up first");
     let _ = s.take_sounds();
     s.set_merchant(Some(MerchantState::default()));
diff --git a/crates/benilla-app/src/ui_script/multibar_stance_tests.rs b/crates/benilla-app/src/ui_script/multibar_stance_tests.rs
index 20748843..40b7351c 100644
--- a/crates/benilla-app/src/ui_script/multibar_stance_tests.rs
+++ b/crates/benilla-app/src/ui_script/multibar_stance_tests.rs
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 //! Since decision 1500 all four bars are player options that ship OFF, so most of what is here
 //! raises the bar it is about first — through the same two globals the Options rows write.
 
-use benilla_ui::script::{ActionSlot, QuadContent, SpellTooltipView, UiScript};
+use benilla_ui::script::{ActionSlot, QuadContent, ScriptValue, SpellTooltipView, UiScript};
 
 /// Load one shipped `assets/ui/<file>` into `s`, panicking on any loader error.
 fn load_xml(s: &UiScript, file: &str) {
@@ -802,6 +802,131 @@ fn the_grid_option_holds_the_extra_bars_empty_wells_open() {
     assert!(s.errors().is_empty(), "script errors: {:?}", s.errors());
 }
 
+/// **A held payload GHOSTS the wells it opens — the reference's `SetVertexColor(1, 1, 1, 0.5)` on
+/// a shown grid ring (`ActionButton.lua:247`), which ours skipped from 0216 to 1781.**
+///
+/// `UI-Quickslot` is not a second ring. Measured off the shipped BLPs: `UI-Quickslot2`'s interior
+/// is fully transparent (alpha 0) — a hollow border — while `UI-Quickslot`'s is solid black at
+/// alpha 0.6 across its whole middle. So the grid swap does not *outline* an empty well, it
+/// *fills* it, and at full alpha picking up a spell dropped a 60%-black square into every empty
+/// slot on every raised bar at once. That is the director's report. Half alpha takes the well to
+/// 30% black, where it reads as a drop target instead of a hole.
+///
+/// The occupied rings stay opaque, and letting go of the payload restores the wells — both
+/// DIVERGENCES, chosen in 1782. In stock 1.12.1 the dim is fanned to every button and then never
+/// cleared by anything: `SetNormalTexture(path)` reuses the region and writes only its texture
+/// handle, and a 3-argument `SetVertexColor` is `SetVertexColor(r, g, b, currentAlpha)` — so the
+/// first spell anyone picks up leaves every border at alpha 0x80 for the session (wow-re
+/// `button-state-texture-path-setter.md` §2/§7, byte-verified). That is a stuck state keyed to
+/// nothing the player can see. We take the look the dim was written for and let go of it with the
+/// payload, which is what the last two assertions here pin.
+#[test]
+fn a_held_payload_ghosts_the_empty_wells_it_opens() {
+    let mut s = UiScript::new().unwrap();
+    s.set_screen_size(1024.0, 768.0);
+    load_action_bar(&s);
+    load_xml(&s, "MultiBars.xml");
+    s.set_action(
+        1,
+        Some(ActionSlot {
+            texture: Some("Interface\\Icons\\Ability_SteelMelee".into()),
+            kind: 0x00,
+            action: 100,
+            count: 0,
+            consumable: false,
+        }),
+    );
+    // The raise comes AFTER the seed: `UIParent.xml`'s PLAYER_ENTERING_WORLD arm reads the
+    // server's bar-toggle byte once and would put an early raise straight back down.
+    s.fire_event("PLAYER_ENTERING_WORLD", vec![]);
+    show_bars(&s, &[1]);
+    s.resolve();
+
+    /// The drawn alpha of every ring quad wearing `path` — `None` colour is untinted white.
+    fn ring_alphas(s: &UiScript, path: &str) -> Vec<f32> {
+        s.extract()
+            .iter()
+            .filter_map(|q| match &q.content {
+                QuadContent::Texture {
+                    path: Some(p),
+                    color,
+                    ..
+                } if p == path => Some(color.map_or(1.0, |c| c[3])),
+                _ => None,
+            })
+            .collect()
+    }
+    let quickslot = "Interface\\Buttons\\UI-Quickslot";
+    let quickslot2 = "Interface\\Buttons\\UI-Quickslot2";
+
+    // Nothing in hand: the main bar's 12 always-visible wells wear the hollow ring, all opaque.
+    assert_eq!(ring_alphas(&s, quickslot), Vec::<f32>::new());
+    let resting = ring_alphas(&s, quickslot2);
+    assert_eq!(
+        resting.len(),
+        12,
+        "the 12 main wells; the multibar's are hidden"
+    );
+    assert!(
+        resting.iter().all(|a| *a == 1.0),
+        "a resting ring is opaque: {resting:?}"
+    );
+
+    // Payload up. Every well the grid opened is the FILLED plate at HALF alpha.
+    s.fire_event("ACTIONBAR_SHOWGRID", vec![]);
+    s.resolve();
+    let ghosts = ring_alphas(&s, quickslot);
+    assert_eq!(
+        ghosts.len(),
+        23,
+        "11 empty main wells swap art + MultiBarBottomLeft's 12 appear"
+    );
+    assert!(
+        ghosts.iter().all(|a| *a == 0.5),
+        "every grid ring is the ref's half-alpha ghost, not an opaque plate: {ghosts:?}"
+    );
+
+    // …and the one OCCUPIED button is untouched by it.
+    let occupied = ring_alphas(&s, quickslot2);
+    assert_eq!(occupied, vec![1.0], "the occupied ring does not ghost");
+
+    // A well that was ghosted and is then FILLED comes back opaque. This is the assertion that
+    // outlives the engine's own `SetVertexColor` divergence (1782): the day an absent alpha stops
+    // meaning 1.0 and starts meaning "whatever is already there", a `SetRing` that let the fourth
+    // argument default would carry the 0.5 straight into the occupied ring, and only this catches
+    // it — the HIDEGRID check below would not, because that path re-derives an EMPTY well.
+    s.set_action(
+        2,
+        Some(ActionSlot {
+            texture: Some("Interface\\Icons\\Ability_Rogue_Ambush".into()),
+            kind: 0x00,
+            action: 101,
+            count: 0,
+            consumable: false,
+        }),
+    );
+    s.fire_event("ACTIONBAR_SLOT_CHANGED", vec![ScriptValue::Number(2.0)]);
+    s.resolve();
+    assert_eq!(
+        ring_alphas(&s, quickslot2),
+        vec![1.0, 1.0],
+        "a ghosted well that gets an action is opaque again, payload still held"
+    );
+
+    // Letting go restores both halves — art and tint, which is why they share one setter.
+    s.fire_event("ACTIONBAR_HIDEGRID", vec![]);
+    s.resolve();
+    assert_eq!(ring_alphas(&s, quickslot), Vec::<f32>::new());
+    let after = ring_alphas(&s, quickslot2);
+    assert_eq!(after.len(), 12);
+    // (10 empty main wells back to the hollow ring + the 2 occupied ones.)
+    assert!(
+        after.iter().all(|a| *a == 1.0),
+        "the dim does not outlive the payload (the ref's own stuck-dim bug): {after:?}"
+    );
+    assert!(s.errors().is_empty(), "script errors: {:?}", s.errors());
+}
+
 /// **The byte the row sends is the four globals, and the seed brings that byte back.**
 ///
 /// The whole round trip, over the REAL bindings (`benilla_ui::script::action_bar_toggles`): the
diff --git a/crates/benilla-app/src/ui_script/panel_tests.rs b/crates/benilla-app/src/ui_script/panel_tests.rs
index 93a538b8..3bb1ca4c 100644
--- a/crates/benilla-app/src/ui_script/panel_tests.rs
+++ b/crates/benilla-app/src/ui_script/panel_tests.rs
@@ -733,7 +733,6 @@ fn gossip_bank_option_hands_the_left_slot_to_the_bank() {
         load_xml(&s, "MoneyFrame.xml");
         load_xml(&s, "UiPanels.xml");
         load_xml(&s, "Cooldown.xml");
-        load_xml(&s, "BagFrame.xml");
         load_xml(&s, "GameTooltip.xml");
         load_xml(&s, "ScrollTemplates.xml"); // the shared scroll kit the window rides
                                              // UIPanelScrollFrameTemplate lives here, and the gossip scroll frame inherits it. NOT
diff --git a/crates/benilla-app/src/ui_script/reference_ui.rs b/crates/benilla-app/src/ui_script/reference_ui.rs
index 45868fa8..cb0d4a30 100644
--- a/crates/benilla-app/src/ui_script/reference_ui.rs
+++ b/crates/benilla-app/src/ui_script/reference_ui.rs
@@ -200,6 +200,137 @@ mod tests {
         assert!(s.errors().is_empty(), "{:#?}", s.errors());
     }
 
+    /// **The migration readiness probe** — which stock FrameXML file could be swapped in *today*,
+    /// asked of the running loader rather than guessed from a source scan.
+    ///
+    /// ```text
+    /// cargo test -p benilla-app --lib chain_readiness_report -- --ignored --nocapture
+    /// ```
+    ///
+    /// 1751 is a long migration — 88 manifest entries, three of them chain entries at the time this
+    /// was written — and the expensive question at every step is *which window is ready*. Picking by
+    /// eye means reading a stock file, listing the globals it calls, and grepping each one; that is
+    /// slow, and it is wrong in both directions. It over-reports (a name that exists in a comment
+    /// greps as present — `framexml-file-demand.py` states that crudeness about itself) and it
+    /// under-reports the things a grep cannot see at all: an XML element type the loader does not
+    /// build, a script handler nothing dispatches, an attribute silently dropped (1739 measured 151
+    /// of those), a template inherited before its definer.
+    ///
+    /// So the probe does not analyse. It **loads the file** — the whole shipped manifest first, into
+    /// a fresh VM, exactly as a real run does, and then the candidate off the chain on top — and
+    /// reports what the loader and the VM actually said. That is ground truth: the same machinery
+    /// that would run it for real, answering the same question, with no model of the engine in
+    /// between that could be out of date.
+    ///
+    /// **What a clean line does and does not mean.** It means the file *loads* — every element
+    /// built, every template resolved, every load-time body ran without raising. It does not mean
+    /// the window *works*: a verb that only a click reaches is not exercised by loading, and neither
+    /// is anything behind an event. Clean is "start here", not "done"; the window's own test module
+    /// and the director's eye are what finish it (§7).
+    ///
+    /// **Loading on top of the manifest, not instead of it**, because that is the position a
+    /// migrated file occupies — every template it inherits is declared by an earlier entry, and
+    /// asking whether `ContainerFrame.xml` loads *alone* only measures that it has predecessors.
+    /// Names it collides with are simply overwritten in the probe VM, which is thrown away; the
+    /// probe is asking about load failures, not about who wins a collision (the manifest's order is
+    /// what settles those, and it is settled per-window when the swap is made).
+    ///
+    /// Ignored because it stands up ~90 fresh VMs and each one loads the entire interface; it is an
+    /// instrument you run when choosing the next window, not a gate.
+    #[test]
+    #[ignore = "instrument: run by hand when choosing the next window to migrate"]
+    fn chain_readiness_report() {
+        let _data = benilla_formats::wow_data_or_skip!();
+
+        // The reference's OWN order, off the chain — never a hand-kept list here. A file's position
+        // in it is also the answer to "where does its manifest line go", so the report prints it.
+        let toc = String::from_utf8_lossy(
+            &super::read("Interface\\FrameXML\\FrameXML.toc").expect("the reference's own toc"),
+        )
+        .into_owned();
+        let stock: Vec<String> = toc
+            .lines()
+            .map(|l| l.trim())
+            .filter(|l| !l.is_empty() && !l.starts_with('#') && l.ends_with(".xml"))
+            .map(str::to_string)
+            .collect();
+
+        let migrated: Vec<String> = super::super::addons::Addon::builtin()
+            .toc
+            .files
+            .iter()
+            .filter(|f| super::is_chain_entry(f))
+            .map(|f| {
+                f.rsplit(['\\', '/'])
+                    .next()
+                    .unwrap_or(f.as_str())
+                    .to_string()
+            })
+            .collect();
+
+        println!(
+            "\n=== 1751 migration readiness — {} stock windows ===",
+            stock.len()
+        );
+        println!(
+            "{:>3}  {:<32} what stops it (empty = loads clean)",
+            "pos", "file"
+        );
+
+        let mut clean = Vec::new();
+        for (i, name) in stock.iter().enumerate() {
+            let pos = i + 1;
+            if migrated.iter().any(|m| m == name) {
+                println!("{pos:>3}  {name:<32} — already migrated");
+                continue;
+            }
+            let mut s = UiScript::new().expect("VM");
+            s.set_screen_size(1024.0, 768.0);
+            let base = super::super::manifest::load_default_ui(&s);
+            assert!(base.is_empty(), "the shipped manifest itself: {base:#?}");
+            s.resolve();
+            let before = s.errors().len();
+
+            let path = format!("Interface\\FrameXML\\{name}");
+            let addon = super::addon(vec![path.clone()]);
+            let mut said = addon.load_files(&s, std::slice::from_ref(&path));
+            s.resolve();
+            said.extend(s.errors().into_iter().skip(before));
+
+            if said.is_empty() {
+                clean.push((pos, name.clone()));
+                println!("{pos:>3}  {name:<32} CLEAN");
+            } else {
+                // One line per distinct complaint, deduped and truncated: the same missing verb
+                // reported by twelve frames is one fact, and the tail of a Lua traceback is noise.
+                let mut seen: Vec<String> = Vec::new();
+                for e in said {
+                    let one = e.lines().next().unwrap_or("").trim().to_string();
+                    let one = if one.len() > 140 {
+                        format!("{}…", &one[..140])
+                    } else {
+                        one
+                    };
+                    if !one.is_empty() && !seen.contains(&one) {
+                        seen.push(one);
+                    }
+                }
+                println!("{pos:>3}  {name:<32} {} issue(s)", seen.len());
+                for one in seen.iter().take(6) {
+                    println!("         · {one}");
+                }
+                if seen.len() > 6 {
+                    println!("         · … and {} more", seen.len() - 6);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        println!("\n=== loads clean today: {} ===", clean.len());
+        for (pos, name) in &clean {
+            println!("  {pos:>3}  {name}");
+        }
+    }
+
     /// A path is a chain entry; a bare name is ours. The one-line rule the manifest rests on.
     #[test]
     fn a_separator_is_what_makes_an_entry_the_players_own_file() {
diff --git a/crates/benilla-app/src/ui_script/test_ui.rs b/crates/benilla-app/src/ui_script/test_ui.rs
index 404ca976..8b712792 100644
--- a/crates/benilla-app/src/ui_script/test_ui.rs
+++ b/crates/benilla-app/src/ui_script/test_ui.rs
@@ -65,7 +65,25 @@ fn read(req: &str) -> Option<Vec<u8>> {
 /// own files around it (a merchant, the bank, the action bar art), and the ORDER is the thing
 /// being reused — it is `benilla.toc`'s, trimmed to what the bags actually reach for.
 pub(super) const BAG_UI: &[&str] = &[
+    // The reference's own localized strings — `BACKPACK_TOOLTIP`, `EQUIP_CONTAINER`, `KEYRING`,
+    // the `*_FONT_COLOR_CODE` pair. The app loads this at VM setup, ahead of the manifest
+    // (`ui_script/mod.rs`, `setup_script`); a test VM has to say so itself. Not optional since
+    // 1751's third window: stock `MainMenuBarBagButtons.lua`'s hovers pass these straight into
+    // `GameTooltip:SetText`, and `SetText(nil)` raises rather than showing an empty plate. Our
+    // deleted `BagFrame.xml` carried `X = X or "…"` fallbacks for exactly this gap; the real file
+    // is the better answer, and these tests already gate on the install.
+    "Interface\\FrameXML\\GlobalStrings.lua",
     "Fonts.xml",
+    // The reference's own `PaperDollItemSlotButton_*` family, sourced at manifest entry 2. Not
+    // optional since 1751's third window: stock `BagSlotButtonTemplate`'s OnLoad *is*
+    // `PaperDollItemSlotButton_OnLoad()`, which is what gives each bag button its inventory-slot
+    // id (20..23 via `GetInventorySlotInfo`), its six event registrations and its first paint.
+    "Interface\\FrameXML\\PaperDollFrame.lua",
+    // `TEXT()` — the reference's own identity-function wrapper, which stock
+    // `MainMenuBarBackpackButton`'s OnEnter calls (`GameTooltip:SetText(TEXT(BACKPACK_TOOLTIP)…)`)
+    // and `BagSlotButton_OnEnter` calls for `EQUIP_CONTAINER`. Manifest entry 3, and not optional
+    // for the bag bar since 1751's third window made that bar the reference's own.
+    "BasicControls.xml",
     // `UIParent` itself: the twelve `ContainerFrame`s declare `parent="UIParent"`, and
     // `updateContainerFrameAnchors` anchors each open bag to `frame:GetParent()` while
     // `OpenAllBags` opens with `if not UIParent:IsVisible() then return end`. Without it the
@@ -76,16 +94,21 @@ pub(super) const BAG_UI: &[&str] = &[
     "UiPanels.xml",
     "GameTooltip.xml",
     "Cooldown.xml",
-    // The bag BAR hangs off `MainMenuBarArtFrame` and seats itself one frame level above the bar
-    // art (`BenillaActionBarArt_SeatAbove`), both at LOAD — so without this the five buttons fall
-    // back to UIParent and sit at a level no production run ever puts them at.
+    // The bag BAR declares `parent="MainMenuBarArtFrame"`, resolved at LOAD — so without this the
+    // six buttons fall back to UIParent and sit at a level no production run ever puts them at.
+    // It also carries `MainMenuBar_UpdateKeyRing`, which is what puts the keyring on the bar.
     "ActionBar.xml",
     // `UpdateMicroButtons` — the KEYRING's own OnShow/OnHide calls it (ContainerFrame.lua l.117,
     // l.137), because in the reference the keyring's existence moves the micro-button row.
     "MicroMenu.xml",
     "UIPanelTemplates.xml",
     "Interface\\FrameXML\\ContainerFrame.xml",
-    "BagFrame.xml",
+    // `PaperDollItemSlotButtonTemplate`, which every bag button inherits — resolved at load, so it
+    // has to precede the bar exactly as it does in the manifest.
+    "ItemSlotButtonTemplates.xml",
+    // The bag BAR itself, the reference's own since 1751's third window: MainMenuBarBackpackButton,
+    // CharacterBag0..3Slot, KeyRingButton, `BagSlotButtonTemplate`, and `KEYRING_CONTAINER`.
+    "Interface\\FrameXML\\MainMenuBarBagButtons.xml",
     // `StackSplitFrame` is not optional either: the reference's own
     // `ContainerFrameItemButton_OnClick` calls `StackSplitFrame:Hide()` on EVERY plain click
     // (ContainerFrame.lua l.581) before the pickup, and opens it on the shift fork.
@@ -94,9 +117,10 @@ pub(super) const BAG_UI: &[&str] = &[
     // `if ( ChatFrameEditBox:IsShown() )` (ContainerFrame.lua l.569) to decide between posting the
     // item's link and splitting the stack, so a VM without it raises before either.
     "ChatFrame.xml",
-    // Our adapters over the reference's container files — one wrapper for the keyring tooltip, and
-    // the three bag verbs 0561 shadows (`OpenBackpack`/`CloseBackpack`/`CloseAllBags`). It has to
-    // be AFTER `ContainerFrame.xml` for either job, which is why it is here and not up with
+    // Our adapters over the reference's container files — the keyring tooltip wrapper, the three
+    // bag verbs 0561 shadows (`OpenBackpack`/`CloseBackpack`/`CloseAllBags`), and the item-push
+    // card the reference draws with a `<Model>` this engine does not render (0887). It has to be
+    // AFTER `ContainerFrame.xml` and after the bar, which is why it is here and not up with
     // UiPanels.xml.
     "ContainerFrameAdapters.xml",
     // `updateContainerFrameAnchors` measures every open bag against `BankFrame:GetRight()`
diff --git a/crates/benilla-app/src/ui_script/tooltip_compare_tests.rs b/crates/benilla-app/src/ui_script/tooltip_compare_tests.rs
index 13ff916c..f1c55523 100644
--- a/crates/benilla-app/src/ui_script/tooltip_compare_tests.rs
+++ b/crates/benilla-app/src/ui_script/tooltip_compare_tests.rs
@@ -34,7 +34,6 @@ fn harness() -> UiScript {
         "ItemRef.xml",
         "MerchantFrame.xml",
         "Cooldown.xml",
-        "BagFrame.xml",
         "CharacterFrame.xml",
     ] {
         load_xml(&s, f);
@@ -159,7 +158,7 @@ fn shift_compare_over_a_bag_item_seats_on_the_doll_slot() {
     // Open the bag and hover the helm slot. The button is ASKED for by its own `GetID()` — the
     // reference numbers a window's buttons backwards and recycles the windows (1751), so neither
     // the frame name nor the button index is a property to assume.
-    s.run("BenillaBagToggle_OnClick()").unwrap();
+    s.run("MainMenuBarBackpackButton:Click()").unwrap();
     s.take_sounds();
     let btn = bag_slot_button(&s, 0, 1);
     hover(&mut s, &btn);
@@ -308,7 +307,7 @@ fn doll_hover_renders_the_live_instance_and_never_self_compares() {
     // Arm a compare first through a BAG hover (the stale-arm hazard the doll hover must clear) —
     // the reference's own `ContainerFrameItemButton_OnEnter` since 1751, reached by moving the
     // mouse onto the button rather than by calling the handler.
-    s.run("BenillaBagToggle_OnClick()").unwrap();
+    s.run("MainMenuBarBackpackButton:Click()").unwrap();
     s.take_sounds();
     let btn = bag_slot_button(&s, 0, 1);
     hover(&mut s, &btn);
diff --git a/crates/benilla-protocol/src/events.rs b/crates/benilla-protocol/src/events.rs
index c2967ea6..d39abf5d 100644
--- a/crates/benilla-protocol/src/events.rs
+++ b/crates/benilla-protocol/src/events.rs
@@ -1119,6 +1119,21 @@ pub enum SessionEvent {
         mode: crate::messages::MoveMode,
         apply: bool,
     },
+    /// **Some unit's movement mode changed** — the `SMSG_SPLINE_MOVE_*` twelve (decision 1780),
+    /// the observer half of [`Self::MoveMode`]'s family. Nothing to ack; `guid` is any unit, and on
+    /// vmangos it is one the server is driving itself (a creature), which is precisely the case the
+    /// ack'd family structurally cannot reach. `apply` is always the direction of the mode's
+    /// `MOVEMENTFLAGS` bit ([`crate::messages::SplineMode::flag`]).
+    ///
+    /// The app folds it into that unit's granted-mode word, which the animation selector, the
+    /// creature ground clamp and the remote dead-reckon all read — the reference does the same and
+    /// then re-runs the unit's gait selector on the spot (`0x6014ec`), which is what makes the
+    /// family *visual* rather than bookkeeping.
+    SplineMoveMode {
+        guid: u64,
+        mode: crate::messages::SplineMode,
+        apply: bool,
+    },
     /// **A knockback aimed at our own mover** (`SMSG_MOVE_KNOCK_BACK`, decision 1702) — the server
     /// hands the controlling client a ballistic launch and lets it fly the arc itself; nothing about
     /// it is a spline or a teleport. `launch` is the packet's quad as the jump tail it becomes:
diff --git a/crates/benilla-protocol/src/events/decode.rs b/crates/benilla-protocol/src/events/decode.rs
index 406bec6c..517deecb 100644
--- a/crates/benilla-protocol/src/events/decode.rs
+++ b/crates/benilla-protocol/src/events/decode.rs
@@ -501,6 +501,9 @@ pub fn decode(packet: ServerPacket) -> Vec<SessionEvent> {
             mode,
             apply,
         }],
+        ServerPacket::SplineMoveMode { guid, mode, apply } => {
+            vec![SessionEvent::SplineMoveMode { guid, mode, apply }]
+        }
         ServerPacket::KnockBack {
             guid,
             counter,
diff --git a/crates/benilla-protocol/src/lib.rs b/crates/benilla-protocol/src/lib.rs
index 45670ff5..7c7bf00c 100644
--- a/crates/benilla-protocol/src/lib.rs
+++ b/crates/benilla-protocol/src/lib.rs
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ pub use events::{
 };
 pub use messages::{
     CharCreateReq, CharEnumItem, Character, CorpseLook, CreateSpline, ItemInfo, JumpInfo,
-    MonsterMoveFacing, MoveMode, ObjectFields, OwnerFallback, ServerPacket, SpeedKind,
+    MonsterMoveFacing, MoveMode, ObjectFields, OwnerFallback, ServerPacket, SpeedKind, SplineMode,
     TransportPose, CHARACTER_FLAG_GHOST, CHARACTER_FLAG_HIDE_CLOAK, CHARACTER_FLAG_HIDE_HELM,
     CHARACTER_FLAG_RENAME,
 };
diff --git a/crates/benilla-protocol/src/messages/mod.rs b/crates/benilla-protocol/src/messages/mod.rs
index 23cb6479..6a4734b7 100644
--- a/crates/benilla-protocol/src/messages/mod.rs
+++ b/crates/benilla-protocol/src/messages/mod.rs
@@ -168,7 +168,7 @@ pub use mirror_timer::{
     read_pause_mirror_timer, read_start_mirror_timer, read_stop_mirror_timer, MirrorTimerKind,
     MirrorTimerStart,
 };
-pub use movement::{JumpInfo, MoveMode, MovementInfo, SpeedKind, TransportPose};
+pub use movement::{JumpInfo, MoveMode, MovementInfo, SpeedKind, SplineMode, TransportPose};
 pub use opcode_names::opcode_name;
 pub use packet::{CreatureQueryInfo, MonsterMoveFacing, ServerPacket};
 pub use page_text::page_text_query;
diff --git a/crates/benilla-protocol/src/messages/movement.rs b/crates/benilla-protocol/src/messages/movement.rs
index a6b7ca6a..78214610 100644
--- a/crates/benilla-protocol/src/messages/movement.rs
+++ b/crates/benilla-protocol/src/messages/movement.rs
@@ -168,6 +168,57 @@ impl MoveMode {
     }
 }
 
+/// **A movement mode granted on a unit we do not control** — the `SMSG_SPLINE_MOVE_*` twelve
+/// (decision 1780), the observer half of [`MoveMode`]'s family.
+///
+/// Same bits, and for the four they share the same reference setters — but it is a *different
+/// message*, and the three differences are what the type exists to keep straight:
+///
+/// 1. **No counter and no ack.** The controller's family is a handshake (`packed guid + u32
+///    counter`, ack or the server never applies it); this one is a bare `packed guid` broadcast.
+///    The client's handler `0x603c80` replies to nothing.
+/// 2. **Any unit.** `0x603c80` resolves the guid with `TYPEMASK_UNIT` and applies to whatever it
+///    finds — normally a creature, since vmangos only takes this leg for a unit *not* being moved
+///    by a player (`Unit::SetRooted`/`SetWaterWalking`/`SetFeatherFall`/`SetHover`'s `else` arm,
+///    and `SendToggleRunWalkToAll` unconditionally).
+/// 3. **Two extra modes.** [`WalkMode`](Self::WalkMode) and [`Swimming`](Self::Swimming) have no
+///    ack'd counterpart at all.
+///
+/// [`Swimming`](Self::Swimming) is modelled but vmangos never sends it — nothing in the tree
+/// constructs `SMSG_SPLINE_MOVE_START_SWIM`/`_STOP_SWIM`, and `Opcodes.cpp:888` marks both
+/// `SendByServer`-only. The client handles them (`0x61a130`/`0x61a160`), so we decode them; on this
+/// server they are dead wire.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub enum SplineMode {
+    Root,
+    WaterWalk,
+    FeatherFall,
+    Hover,
+    /// `MOVEFLAG_WALK_MODE` (`0x100`) — the gait selector. **`apply` here is the flag's direction,
+    /// not the opcode's noun**: `SMSG_SPLINE_MOVE_SET_WALK_MODE` is `apply: true` and
+    /// `..._SET_RUN_MODE` is `apply: false`, because the reference's `0x617e80` passes the opcode's
+    /// bool to `SetRunMode 0x7c71c0`, whose argument is *run*. The inversion is folded at the parse
+    /// so every variant of this enum means the same thing by "apply".
+    WalkMode,
+    /// `MOVEFLAG_SWIMMING` (`0x20_0000`) — `SMSG_SPLINE_MOVE_START_SWIM`/`_STOP_SWIM`. Never sent by
+    /// vmangos (see the type docs).
+    Swimming,
+}
+
+impl SplineMode {
+    /// This mode's `MOVEMENTFLAGS` bit — the same word [`MoveMode::flag`] writes into.
+    pub fn flag(self) -> u32 {
+        match self {
+            SplineMode::Root => 0x0000_1000,
+            SplineMode::WaterWalk => 0x1000_0000,
+            SplineMode::FeatherFall => 0x2000_0000,
+            SplineMode::Hover => 0x4000_0000,
+            SplineMode::WalkMode => 0x0000_0100,
+            SplineMode::Swimming => 0x0020_0000,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 /// One jump's ballistic launch parameters — the conditional `MovementInfo` tail present iff the
 /// `MOVEFLAG_JUMPING` (0x2000) flag is set. VERIFIED byte-for-byte against vmangos `MovementInfo::Read`
 /// (build 1.12.1): wire order is `zspeed, cosAngle, sinAngle, xyspeed` (note cos *before* sin). The
diff --git a/crates/benilla-protocol/src/messages/opcode.rs b/crates/benilla-protocol/src/messages/opcode.rs
index cb2b45f7..b1020955 100644
--- a/crates/benilla-protocol/src/messages/opcode.rs
+++ b/crates/benilla-protocol/src/messages/opcode.rs
@@ -616,6 +616,57 @@ pub const SMSG_SPLINE_SET_SWIM_SPEED: u16 = 0x0300; // 768
 pub const SMSG_SPLINE_SET_WALK_SPEED: u16 = 0x0301; // 769
 pub const SMSG_SPLINE_SET_SWIM_BACK_SPEED: u16 = 0x0302; // 770
 pub const SMSG_SPLINE_SET_TURN_RATE: u16 = 0x0303; // 771
+
+// **The OBSERVER movement-mode family** (decision 1780) — the spline-move twelve. Where the
+// `SMSG_FORCE_*`/`SMSG_MOVE_*` family above hands the *controlling client* a mode to ack, this one
+// tells everyone else that some unit's mode changed, and it is a different wire in three ways:
+// the body is a **bare packed guid** (no counter, no `MovementInfo`), there is **no ack**, and the
+// target is **any unit**, not our mover.
+//
+// VERIFIED both ends. Server: vmangos `MovementPacketSender::SendMovementFlagChangeToAll` /
+// `SendToggleRunWalkToAll` (`MovementPacketSender.cpp:399-462`) write `data << unit->GetPackGUID()`
+// and stop — the `+ 4` / `9` in the `WorldPacket` ctor is a capacity hint, not content. Client:
+// all twelve register the single handler `0x603c80`, which reads one packed guid (`0x642ed0`),
+// resolves it with `ClntObjMgrObjectPtr(TYPEMASK_UNIT)` and calls the dispatcher `0x601420`
+// (`lea eax,[edi-0x304]; cmp eax,0x16; ja` — so `0x304..=0x31A`, and `SMSG_SPLINE_MOVE_ROOT`'s
+// out-of-band `0x31A` is deliberately the range's top). An unresolvable guid is dropped silently.
+//
+// The dispatcher's twelve arms, in registration order (`0x603775`-`0x603830`), are a 1:1 map onto
+// the twelve opcodes; six of the arms are independently VERIFIED in wow-re's collision ledger:
+//
+// | opcode | arm | effect on `CMovement+0x40` |
+// |---|---|---|
+// | `0x31A` ROOT | `0x619a10` | `SetRoot 0x7c7340` — sets `0x1000`, and **wipes `0xffe07f00`'s complement once at apply** |
+// | `0x304` UNROOT | `0x619a40` | `ClearRoot 0x7c7370(1)` — clears `0x1000` |
+// | `0x305`/`0x306` | `0x61a4e0` | `SetFeatherFall 0x7c72e0` — `0x20000000` |
+// | `0x307`/`0x308` | `0x61a620` | `SetHover 0x7c7310` — `0x40000000` |
+// | `0x309`/`0x30A` | `0x61a3d0` | `SetWaterWalk 0x7c7280` — `0x10000000` |
+// | `0x30B`/`0x30C` | `0x61a130`/`0x61a160` | `SetSwim 0x7c6e50`/`0x7c6e80` — `0x200000` |
+// | `0x30D`/`0x30E` | `0x617e80` | `SetRunMode 0x7c71c0` — `0x100`, **inverted** (see below) |
+//
+// After any arm the dispatcher re-runs the unit's animation selector (`0x6014ec push edi; call
+// 0x60e480` then `push -1; call 0x5fd9e0`), which is why this family is *visual*: the mode change
+// re-picks the gait on the spot rather than waiting for the next pose.
+//
+// (wow-re `collision/scratch/moveflag-family.md` §§2-5, `collision/scratch/walk-mode-law.md` §5,
+// `collision/scratch/remote-swim-decision.md` §1.4, `collision/ledger.tsv` rows for each arm.)
+pub const SMSG_SPLINE_MOVE_UNROOT: u16 = 0x0304; // 772
+pub const SMSG_SPLINE_MOVE_FEATHER_FALL: u16 = 0x0305; // 773
+pub const SMSG_SPLINE_MOVE_NORMAL_FALL: u16 = 0x0306; // 774
+pub const SMSG_SPLINE_MOVE_SET_HOVER: u16 = 0x0307; // 775
+pub const SMSG_SPLINE_MOVE_UNSET_HOVER: u16 = 0x0308; // 776
+pub const SMSG_SPLINE_MOVE_WATER_WALK: u16 = 0x0309; // 777
+pub const SMSG_SPLINE_MOVE_LAND_WALK: u16 = 0x030A; // 778
+pub const SMSG_SPLINE_MOVE_START_SWIM: u16 = 0x030B; // 779
+pub const SMSG_SPLINE_MOVE_STOP_SWIM: u16 = 0x030C; // 780
+                                                    // **The run/walk pair is inverted against the flag bit, and that is the reference's own sign.**
+                                                    // `0x617e80` passes the opcode's bool straight to `CMovement::SetRunMode 0x7c71c0`, whose argument
+                                                    // is *run* — so `SET_RUN_MODE` CLEARS `MOVEFLAG_WALK_MODE` (`0x100`) and `SET_WALK_MODE` sets it.
+                                                    // Modelled as one [`super::movement::SplineMode::WalkMode`] whose `apply` is the flag's direction,
+                                                    // so every arm of the family means the same thing by "apply": set this bit.
+pub const SMSG_SPLINE_MOVE_SET_RUN_MODE: u16 = 0x030D; // 781
+pub const SMSG_SPLINE_MOVE_SET_WALK_MODE: u16 = 0x030E; // 782
+pub const SMSG_SPLINE_MOVE_ROOT: u16 = 0x031A; // 794
 pub const MSG_MOVE_SET_RUN_SPEED: u16 = 0x00CD; // 205
 pub const MSG_MOVE_SET_RUN_BACK_SPEED: u16 = 0x00CF; // 207
 pub const MSG_MOVE_SET_WALK_SPEED: u16 = 0x00D1; // 209
diff --git a/crates/benilla-protocol/src/messages/packet.rs b/crates/benilla-protocol/src/messages/packet.rs
index a561291c..30894200 100644
--- a/crates/benilla-protocol/src/messages/packet.rs
+++ b/crates/benilla-protocol/src/messages/packet.rs
@@ -18,9 +18,9 @@ use super::{
     QuestDetails, QuestGiverList, QuestOfferReward, QuestOption, QuestPushResult,
     QuestRequestItems, QuestTemplate, ResurrectRequestBody, SpeedKind, SpellChainTargets,
     SpellCooldown, SpellDamageLog, SpellDispelLog, SpellEnergizeLog, SpellGo, SpellHealLog,
-    SpellInstaKillLog, SpellLogExecute, SpellLogMiss, SpellOutcomeLog, SpellStart, StabledPet,
-    TaxiMask, TradeStatus, TradeStatusExtended, TrainerSpell, TransportPose, VendorItem,
-    WhoResults, XpGain,
+    SpellInstaKillLog, SpellLogExecute, SpellLogMiss, SpellOutcomeLog, SpellStart, SplineMode,
+    StabledPet, TaxiMask, TradeStatus, TradeStatusExtended, TrainerSpell, TransportPose,
+    VendorItem, WhoResults, XpGain,
 };
 
 /// The **final facing** a `SMSG_MONSTER_MOVE` dictates (its `moveType`): the unit snaps to face this
@@ -1018,6 +1018,16 @@ pub enum ServerPacket {
         mode: MoveMode,
         apply: bool,
     },
+    /// **Some unit's movement mode changed** — the `SMSG_SPLINE_MOVE_*` twelve (decision 1780), the
+    /// observer half of [`Self::MoveMode`]'s family. A bare packed guid: no counter, **no ack**, and
+    /// `guid` is any unit — normally a creature, which is exactly the case the ack'd family cannot
+    /// reach. `apply` is always the direction of [`SplineMode::flag`]'s bit (the run/walk pair's
+    /// inversion is folded at the parse).
+    SplineMoveMode {
+        guid: u64,
+        mode: SplineMode,
+        apply: bool,
+    },
     /// **The server aimed a knockback at our mover** (`SMSG_MOVE_KNOCK_BACK`, decision 1702) —
     /// a ballistic launch it hands the controlling client to fly. `launch` is the packet's four
     /// floats read into the launch quad they *are*: `cos_angle`/`sin_angle` the world-XY direction,
@@ -1639,6 +1649,21 @@ impl ServerPacket {
                 (MoveMode::Hover, true) => "SMSG_MOVE_SET_HOVER".into(),
                 (MoveMode::Hover, false) => "SMSG_MOVE_UNSET_HOVER".into(),
             },
+            ServerPacket::SplineMoveMode { mode, apply, .. } => match (mode, apply) {
+                (SplineMode::Root, true) => "SMSG_SPLINE_MOVE_ROOT".into(),
+                (SplineMode::Root, false) => "SMSG_SPLINE_MOVE_UNROOT".into(),
+                (SplineMode::WaterWalk, true) => "SMSG_SPLINE_MOVE_WATER_WALK".into(),
+                (SplineMode::WaterWalk, false) => "SMSG_SPLINE_MOVE_LAND_WALK".into(),
+                (SplineMode::FeatherFall, true) => "SMSG_SPLINE_MOVE_FEATHER_FALL".into(),
+                (SplineMode::FeatherFall, false) => "SMSG_SPLINE_MOVE_NORMAL_FALL".into(),
+                (SplineMode::Hover, true) => "SMSG_SPLINE_MOVE_SET_HOVER".into(),
+                (SplineMode::Hover, false) => "SMSG_SPLINE_MOVE_UNSET_HOVER".into(),
+                (SplineMode::Swimming, true) => "SMSG_SPLINE_MOVE_START_SWIM".into(),
+                (SplineMode::Swimming, false) => "SMSG_SPLINE_MOVE_STOP_SWIM".into(),
+                // Inverted on purpose — see [`SplineMode::WalkMode`].
+                (SplineMode::WalkMode, true) => "SMSG_SPLINE_MOVE_SET_WALK_MODE".into(),
+                (SplineMode::WalkMode, false) => "SMSG_SPLINE_MOVE_SET_RUN_MODE".into(),
+            },
             ServerPacket::KnockBack { .. } => "SMSG_MOVE_KNOCK_BACK".into(),
             ServerPacket::LogoutComplete => "SMSG_LOGOUT_COMPLETE".into(),
             ServerPacket::LogoutResponse { .. } => "SMSG_LOGOUT_RESPONSE".into(),
diff --git a/crates/benilla-protocol/src/messages/parse.rs b/crates/benilla-protocol/src/messages/parse.rs
index e64d3f98..78c51c7d 100644
--- a/crates/benilla-protocol/src/messages/parse.rs
+++ b/crates/benilla-protocol/src/messages/parse.rs
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ use super::{
     mirror_timer, monster_move, movement, opcode, page_text, pet, petition, progression, pvp,
     quest, social, spellbook, spells, stable, summon, taxi, trade, trainer, update_object, vendor,
     world_state, Character, CreatureQueryInfo, JumpInfo, MoveMode, ServerPacket, SpeedKind,
+    SplineMode,
 };
 
 /// Read one `SMSG_FORCE_*_SPEED_CHANGE` body — `[packed mover guid][u32 counter][f32 speed]`,
@@ -891,6 +892,45 @@ pub fn parse_server(opcode: u16, body: &[u8]) -> io::Result<ServerPacket> {
                 apply,
             }
         }
+        // **The observer movement-mode family** (decision 1780) — the spline-move twelve. Body is a
+        // BARE packed guid: no counter, no `MovementInfo`, and nothing to ack (VERIFIED vmangos
+        // `MovementPacketSender::SendMovementFlagChangeToAll`/`SendToggleRunWalkToAll`, and the
+        // reference's single handler `0x603c80`, which reads one packed guid and dispatches).
+        // `guid` is any unit, not our mover — the constants block in `opcode` carries the arm map.
+        opcode::SMSG_SPLINE_MOVE_ROOT
+        | opcode::SMSG_SPLINE_MOVE_UNROOT
+        | opcode::SMSG_SPLINE_MOVE_WATER_WALK
+        | opcode::SMSG_SPLINE_MOVE_LAND_WALK
+        | opcode::SMSG_SPLINE_MOVE_FEATHER_FALL
+        | opcode::SMSG_SPLINE_MOVE_NORMAL_FALL
+        | opcode::SMSG_SPLINE_MOVE_SET_HOVER
+        | opcode::SMSG_SPLINE_MOVE_UNSET_HOVER
+        | opcode::SMSG_SPLINE_MOVE_START_SWIM
+        | opcode::SMSG_SPLINE_MOVE_STOP_SWIM
+        | opcode::SMSG_SPLINE_MOVE_SET_RUN_MODE
+        | opcode::SMSG_SPLINE_MOVE_SET_WALK_MODE => {
+            let (mode, apply) = match opcode {
+                opcode::SMSG_SPLINE_MOVE_ROOT => (SplineMode::Root, true),
+                opcode::SMSG_SPLINE_MOVE_UNROOT => (SplineMode::Root, false),
+                opcode::SMSG_SPLINE_MOVE_WATER_WALK => (SplineMode::WaterWalk, true),
+                opcode::SMSG_SPLINE_MOVE_LAND_WALK => (SplineMode::WaterWalk, false),
+                opcode::SMSG_SPLINE_MOVE_FEATHER_FALL => (SplineMode::FeatherFall, true),
+                opcode::SMSG_SPLINE_MOVE_NORMAL_FALL => (SplineMode::FeatherFall, false),
+                opcode::SMSG_SPLINE_MOVE_SET_HOVER => (SplineMode::Hover, true),
+                opcode::SMSG_SPLINE_MOVE_UNSET_HOVER => (SplineMode::Hover, false),
+                opcode::SMSG_SPLINE_MOVE_START_SWIM => (SplineMode::Swimming, true),
+                opcode::SMSG_SPLINE_MOVE_STOP_SWIM => (SplineMode::Swimming, false),
+                // The one inverted pair: RUN_MODE *clears* `MOVEFLAG_WALK_MODE`, because the
+                // reference's `0x617e80` feeds the opcode's bool to `SetRunMode 0x7c71c0`.
+                opcode::SMSG_SPLINE_MOVE_SET_WALK_MODE => (SplineMode::WalkMode, true),
+                _ => (SplineMode::WalkMode, false),
+            };
+            ServerPacket::SplineMoveMode {
+                guid: read_packed_guid(&mut r)?,
+                mode,
+                apply,
+            }
+        }
         // **The knockback the server aims at our mover** (decision 1702): `packed guid + u32
         // counter`, then the launch quad `vcos, vsin, speedXY, speedZ` (VERIFIED vmangos
         // `MovementPacketSender.cpp:261-277`, the `> CLIENT_BUILD_1_9_4` branch). The quad reads
diff --git a/crates/benilla-protocol/tests/movement.rs b/crates/benilla-protocol/tests/movement.rs
index 90845bb8..0044ee79 100644
--- a/crates/benilla-protocol/tests/movement.rs
+++ b/crates/benilla-protocol/tests/movement.rs
@@ -595,3 +595,127 @@ fn a_misframed_batch_errors_rather_than_dropping_moves() {
     let undersized = hx("030000007801637cc7000001e200f0");
     assert!(messages::parse_server(messages::opcode::SMSG_COMPRESSED_MOVES, &undersized).is_err());
 }
+
+/// **The observer movement-mode family, byte-exact** (decision 1780) — the `SMSG_SPLINE_MOVE_*`
+/// twelve. Three things are asserted because all three are how this family differs from the ack'd
+/// `SMSG_FORCE_*` one it is otherwise a twin of:
+///
+/// 1. **The body is a bare packed guid** — parsing a *four-byte-shorter* body than the FORCE family's
+///    must succeed, so a trailing counter is not being read. Reading one would desync every
+///    subsequent packet in the same TCP read.
+/// 2. **All twelve opcodes are handled**, including `SMSG_SPLINE_MOVE_ROOT`'s out-of-band `0x31A`
+///    (the reference's dispatcher range is `0x304..=0x31A`, root deliberately at the top).
+/// 3. **The run/walk pair is inverted** — `SET_RUN_MODE` *clears* `MOVEFLAG_WALK_MODE`, because the
+///    reference's `0x617e80` hands the opcode's bool to `SetRunMode 0x7c71c0`, whose argument is
+///    *run*. Getting this backwards would walk every running creature in view.
+#[test]
+fn spline_move_mode_family_parses_golden() {
+    use benilla_protocol::messages::SplineMode;
+
+    // Packed guid 0xAA (mask 0x01, one byte) and NOTHING else — four bytes shorter than the
+    // FORCE family's `[packed guid][u32 counter]`.
+    let body = hx("01aa");
+    assert_eq!(body.len(), 2, "the whole body is one packed guid");
+
+    let expected = [
+        (
+            messages::opcode::SMSG_SPLINE_MOVE_ROOT,
+            SplineMode::Root,
+            true,
+        ),
+        (
+            messages::opcode::SMSG_SPLINE_MOVE_UNROOT,
+            SplineMode::Root,
+            false,
+        ),
+        (
+            messages::opcode::SMSG_SPLINE_MOVE_WATER_WALK,
+            SplineMode::WaterWalk,
+            true,
+        ),
+        (
+            messages::opcode::SMSG_SPLINE_MOVE_LAND_WALK,
+            SplineMode::WaterWalk,
+            false,
+        ),
+        (
+            messages::opcode::SMSG_SPLINE_MOVE_FEATHER_FALL,
+            SplineMode::FeatherFall,
+            true,
+        ),
+        (
+            messages::opcode::SMSG_SPLINE_MOVE_NORMAL_FALL,
+            SplineMode::FeatherFall,
+            false,
+        ),
+        (
+            messages::opcode::SMSG_SPLINE_MOVE_SET_HOVER,
+            SplineMode::Hover,
+            true,
+        ),
+        (
+            messages::opcode::SMSG_SPLINE_MOVE_UNSET_HOVER,
+            SplineMode::Hover,
+            false,
+        ),
+        (
+            messages::opcode::SMSG_SPLINE_MOVE_START_SWIM,
+            SplineMode::Swimming,
+            true,
+        ),
+        (
+            messages::opcode::SMSG_SPLINE_MOVE_STOP_SWIM,
+            SplineMode::Swimming,
+            false,
+        ),
+        // The inversion: the WALK opcode sets the bit, the RUN opcode clears it.
+        (
+            messages::opcode::SMSG_SPLINE_MOVE_SET_WALK_MODE,
+            SplineMode::WalkMode,
+            true,
+        ),
+        (
+            messages::opcode::SMSG_SPLINE_MOVE_SET_RUN_MODE,
+            SplineMode::WalkMode,
+            false,
+        ),
+    ];
+
+    for (op, mode, apply) in expected {
+        let packet = messages::parse_server(op, &body)
+            .unwrap_or_else(|e| panic!("{op:#06x} must parse from a bare packed guid: {e}"));
+        match &packet {
+            ServerPacket::SplineMoveMode {
+                guid: 0xAA,
+                mode: m,
+                apply: a,
+            } => assert_eq!(
+                (*m, *a),
+                (mode, apply),
+                "{} decoded to the wrong mode/direction",
+                packet.name()
+            ),
+            p => panic!("expected SplineMoveMode for {op:#06x}, got {}", p.name()),
+        }
+        match decode(packet).as_slice() {
+            [SessionEvent::SplineMoveMode {
+                guid: 0xAA,
+                mode: m,
+                apply: a,
+            }] => assert_eq!((*m, *a), (mode, apply)),
+            other => panic!("expected one SplineMoveMode event for {op:#06x}, got {other:?}"),
+        }
+    }
+
+    // The flag bits are the same word the ack'd family writes — the two families are one state.
+    assert_eq!(SplineMode::Root.flag(), messages::MoveMode::Root.flag());
+    assert_eq!(
+        SplineMode::WaterWalk.flag(),
+        messages::MoveMode::WaterWalk.flag()
+    );
+    assert_eq!(
+        SplineMode::FeatherFall.flag(),
+        messages::MoveMode::FeatherFall.flag()
+    );
+    assert_eq!(SplineMode::Hover.flag(), messages::MoveMode::Hover.flag());
+}
diff --git a/crates/benilla-ui/src/script/region/paint.rs b/crates/benilla-ui/src/script/region/paint.rs
index a7f50b03..201a9be0 100644
--- a/crates/benilla-ui/src/script/region/paint.rs
+++ b/crates/benilla-ui/src/script/region/paint.rs
@@ -38,6 +38,22 @@ pub(super) fn install(lua: &Lua, m: &Table) -> mlua::Result<()> {
         })?,
     )?;
 
+    // **KNOWN DIVERGENCE, byte-pinned and deliberately not closed here (decision 1782).** An
+    // ABSENT alpha argument is 1.0 below; in the reference it is *the alpha already on the region*.
+    // `0x79abd0` reads the current colour back (`0x79ac81` -> `0x77f8c0`), packs the caller's rgb
+    // against an `a` default of 1.0 (`0x79ad43`), and then asks a SECOND time whether argument 5
+    // was present — when it was not, it copies byte 3 of the read-back colour over the packed
+    // alpha (`0x79adfe`/`0x79ae0a`) before the store. So `SetVertexColor(r, g, b)` on 1.12.1 is
+    // `SetVertexColor(r, g, b, currentAlpha)`, and a three-argument call CANNOT restore opacity.
+    // wow-re `system/ui/scratch/button-state-texture-path-setter.md` §7.
+    //
+    // Why it still says 1.0: the fix is one line, but its blast radius is every three-argument
+    // call in FrameXML and in the addon corpus, and it only bites where a region already carries
+    // alpha < 1 — where it would surface as art going permanently translucent, which is a LOOK and
+    // therefore the director's call, not a quiet correction to fold into an unrelated slice. The
+    // known live case is the action bar's grid ring, and `ActionBar.xml`'s
+    // BenillaActionButton_SetRing is already written to be correct under BOTH readings (it passes
+    // the fourth argument explicitly), so closing this cannot silently change that file.
     m.set(
         "SetVertexColor",
         lua.create_function(
diff --git a/crates/benilla-world/src/world_point.rs b/crates/benilla-world/src/world_point.rs
index 0eecf9e6..1acac75e 100644
--- a/crates/benilla-world/src/world_point.rs
+++ b/crates/benilla-world/src/world_point.rs
@@ -79,6 +79,31 @@ pub struct WorldPoint<'w, 's> {
     wmo_areas: Option<Res<'w, crate::wmo_portal::WmoAreas>>,
 }
 
+/// **Seed a headless `World` with everything [`WorldPoint`] needs to be constructible.**
+///
+/// [`WorldPoint`] is a facade over ten resources that the world plugins insert during startup, and a
+/// `RunSystemOnce` harness runs none of them — so a test that touches it fails not with an assertion
+/// but with `SystemParamValidationError { message: "Resource does not exist" }`, naming whichever
+/// field happens to be first. That error is the same whatever the test was about, which makes it a
+/// tax on every harness that ever reaches the world facade rather than a signal about any of them.
+///
+/// One call here is the whole of it, and it stays correct by construction: a resource added to
+/// [`WorldPoint`] is added here in the same edit, instead of being discovered by three unrelated
+/// test modules failing at once. The defaults are the empty world — no rooms claimed, no liquid, no
+/// area — which is what a geometry harness wants: it supplies the geometry it is about and nothing
+/// else answers.
+pub fn init_world_point_resources(world: &mut bevy::prelude::World) {
+    world.init_resource::<Underwater>();
+    world.init_resource::<PlayerWmoRoom>();
+    world.init_resource::<CameraInteriorClaim>();
+    world.init_resource::<bevy::prelude::Assets<benilla_assets::WmoModel>>();
+    world.init_resource::<bevy::prelude::Assets<benilla_assets::AdtTile>>();
+    world.init_resource::<crate::terrain_stream::TerrainStreamer>();
+    world.init_resource::<CurrentArea>();
+    world.init_resource::<CurrentWmoInterior>();
+    world.init_resource::<CurrentAreaInterior>();
+}
+
 /// The nearest wet point of one liquid sound class — see [`WorldPoint::nearest_liquid_per_class`].
 pub struct NearestLiquid {
     /// Squared distance from the query point, in WoW yards.
@@ -291,15 +316,7 @@ mod tests {
     #[test]
     fn a_unit_subject_resolves_to_that_units_own_room() {
         let mut world = World::new();
-        world.init_resource::<Underwater>();
-        world.init_resource::<PlayerWmoRoom>();
-        world.init_resource::<CameraInteriorClaim>();
-        world.init_resource::<Assets<benilla_assets::WmoModel>>();
-        world.init_resource::<Assets<benilla_assets::AdtTile>>();
-        world.init_resource::<crate::terrain_stream::TerrainStreamer>();
-        world.init_resource::<CurrentArea>();
-        world.init_resource::<CurrentWmoInterior>();
-        world.init_resource::<CurrentAreaInterior>();
+        super::init_world_point_resources(&mut world);
 
         let placement = world.spawn_empty().id();
         let indoors = world