fix(object): gate ByGuid on the registry root to survive out-of-world calls

The engine resolver FUN_OBJECT_RESOLVE_BY_GUID funnels unconditionally
into FUN_00464890, whose first action loads the registry root from
[VAR_LOCAL_PLAYER_PTR] and derefs its +0x24 hash mask with no null
check. That root is NULL out of world (login, loading screens, logout
teardown), so any resolve reaching it mid-transition dies with ERROR
#132 (MOV EAX,[EDX+0x24], EDX=0) - hit in the wild by Aura::Source's
SMSG_SPELL_GO path, whose Store/Claim eviction consults
DescriptorListsAura while packets still dispatch during transitions.

Promote the readiness predicate from Unit::TokenObserver's private
RegistryReady into Object::RegistryReady (object/Resolve.h) and gate
ByGuid on it, returning nullptr out of world. That is both the
contract ByGuid's comment already promised ("pre-world ... safe from
any context") and provably behavior-preserving: a zero result is the
engine's own handled "not found" case (verified in Ghidra - 0x468460
null-checks the node; 0x464870 itself returns 0 for guid==0), and out
of world the call had no non-crashing outcome. Every ByGuid call site
already null-checks. TokenObserver now delegates to the shared helper.

Fixes #34

.github/workflows/build.yml

@@ -104,6 +104,24 @@ jobs:
           name: ClassicAPI-${{ github.sha }}
           path: build/Release/ClassicAPI.dll
 
+      # Bundle both debug artifacts into one zip so a crash from a shipped DLL
+      # can be triaged exactly. The PDB gives WinDbg/x64dbg/VS a line-level
+      # symbolicated call stack from a crash dump; the map resolves the
+      # `0001:offset` addresses in WoW's ERROR #132 crash log by hand when no
+      # dump is available. Both match THIS exact DLL build.
+      # The filename is deliberately off-putting: it is NOT the addon and has no
+      # value to a normal player. The loud all-caps name keeps them from
+      # grabbing it by mistake; the tag suffix lets a dev match symbols to the
+      # exact build. (pdb/map keep their real names inside so the pdb signature
+      # still lines up with the DLL.)
+      - name: Package debug symbols for release
+        if: steps.ver.outputs.is_release == 'true'
+        run: >
+          Compress-Archive
+          -Path build/Release/ClassicAPI.pdb, build/Release/ClassicAPI.map
+          -DestinationPath build/Release/Crash-Symbols-Use-For-Debugging-${{ steps.ver.outputs.tag }}.zip
+          -Force
+
       - name: Release
         if: steps.ver.outputs.is_release == 'true'
         uses: softprops/action-gh-release@v2
@@ -111,5 +129,5 @@ jobs:
           tag_name: ${{ steps.ver.outputs.tag }}
           files: |
             build/Release/ClassicAPI.dll
-            build/Release/ClassicAPI.map
+            build/Release/Crash-Symbols-Use-For-Debugging-${{ steps.ver.outputs.tag }}.zip
           generate_release_notes: true

AddOns/!!!ClassicAPI/!!!ClassicAPI.toc

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 
 locales\locales.xml
 
+SecureTemplates.xml
 Compat.lua
 Util\Print.lua
 Util\Mixin.lua
@@ -44,4 +45,8 @@ Util\Vector3D.lua
 Util\Vector4D.lua
 Util\UIParent.lua
 Util\AuraDurationModifiers.lua
+Util\AuraUtil.lua
 Util\SecureUnitMenu.lua
+Util\TextureUtil.lua
+Util\MacroOptions.lua
+Util\SecureStateDriver.lua

AddOns/!!!ClassicAPI/SecureTemplates.lua

@@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
+-- SecureTemplates.lua — Lua-side helpers for SecureActionButtonTemplate et al.
+--
+-- Backport of the modifier/button attribute-resolution functions from
+-- Blizzard's 2.0 SecureTemplates.lua that addons call directly
+-- (SecureButton_GetModifiedAttribute, SecureButton_GetModifierPrefix,
+-- SecureButton_GetUnit, …), plus the SecureUnitButton_OnLoad convenience.
+--
+-- Click dispatch is NOT here: the C++ Frame::Attributes module is the single
+-- dispatcher. Setting a "type*" attribute on a frame installs a native OnClick
+-- that resolves the verb (target/spell/item/macro/focus/assist/stop/menu/
+-- action/pet/click/custom), so the templates carry no <OnClick> and there is no
+-- parallel Lua dispatcher to drift out of sync.
+
+-- The "modified attribute" takes the form of: modifier-name-button
+-- The modifier is one of "shift-", "ctrl-", "alt-", and the button is a
+-- number from 1 through 5.
+--
+-- Setting the attribute by itself is equivalent to *attribute*
+
+ATTRIBUTE_NOOP = "";
+
+function SecureButton_GetModifierPrefix()
+    local prefix = "";
+    if IsShiftKeyDown() then
+        prefix = "shift-" .. prefix;
+    end
+    if IsControlKeyDown() then
+        prefix = "ctrl-" .. prefix;
+    end
+    if IsAltKeyDown() then
+        prefix = "alt-" .. prefix;
+    end
+    return prefix;
+end
+
+function SecureButton_GetButtonSuffix(button)
+    if button == "LeftButton" then
+        return "1";
+    elseif button == "RightButton" then
+        return "2";
+    elseif button == "MiddleButton" then
+        return "3";
+    elseif button == "Button4" then
+        return "4";
+    elseif button == "Button5" then
+        return "5";
+    elseif button and button ~= "" then
+        return "-" .. tostring(button);
+    end
+    return "";
+end
+
+function SecureButton_GetModifiedAttribute(frame, name, button, prefix, suffix)
+    if not prefix then
+        prefix = SecureButton_GetModifierPrefix();
+    end
+    if not suffix then
+        suffix = SecureButton_GetButtonSuffix(button);
+    end
+    local value = frame:GetAttribute(prefix .. name .. suffix) or
+                  frame:GetAttribute("*" .. name .. suffix) or
+                  frame:GetAttribute(prefix .. name .. "*") or
+                  frame:GetAttribute("*" .. name .. "*") or
+                  frame:GetAttribute(name);
+    if not value and (frame:GetAttribute("useparent-" .. name) or
+                      frame:GetAttribute("useparent*")) then
+        local parent = frame:GetParent();
+        if parent then
+            value = SecureButton_GetModifiedAttribute(parent, name, button, prefix, suffix);
+        end
+    end
+    if value == ATTRIBUTE_NOOP then
+        value = nil;
+    end
+    return value;
+end
+
+-- Unmodified attribute lookup (no modifier prefix, no button suffix).
+-- Overrides the simpler version in SecureStateDriver.lua with the full
+-- parent-walk + ATTRIBUTE_NOOP semantics.
+function SecureButton_GetAttribute(frame, name)
+    return SecureButton_GetModifiedAttribute(frame, name, nil, "", "");
+end
+
+function SecureButton_GetModifiedUnit(self, button)
+    local unit = SecureButton_GetModifiedAttribute(self, "unit", button);
+    if unit then
+        local unitsuffix = SecureButton_GetModifiedAttribute(self, "unitsuffix", button);
+        if unitsuffix then
+            unit = unit .. unitsuffix;
+            unit = string.gsub(unit, "^([^%d]+)([%d]+)[pP][eE][tT]", "%1pet%2");
+        end
+        return unit;
+    end
+    if SecureButton_GetModifiedAttribute(self, "checkselfcast", button) then
+        if IsAltKeyDown() then
+            return "player";
+        end
+    end
+end
+
+function SecureButton_GetUnit(self)
+    local unit = SecureButton_GetAttribute(self, "unit");
+    if unit then
+        local unitsuffix = SecureButton_GetAttribute(self, "unitsuffix");
+        if unitsuffix then
+            unit = unit .. unitsuffix;
+            unit = string.gsub(unit, "^([^%d]+)([%d]+)[pP][eE][tT]", "%1pet%2");
+        end
+        return unit;
+    end
+end
+
+-- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+-- SecureUnitButton_OnLoad — convenience for the common unit-button setup:
+-- left-click targets, any other button opens the right-click unit menu. The
+-- click behavior itself is native: setting these "type*"/"unit" attributes is
+-- what makes the C++ Frame::Attributes dispatcher act on the clicks.
+-- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+function SecureUnitButton_OnLoad(self, unit)
+    self:SetAttribute("type1", "target");
+    self:SetAttribute("type*", "menu");
+    self:SetAttribute("unit", unit);
+end

AddOns/!!!ClassicAPI/SecureTemplates.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+<Ui xmlns="http://www.blizzard.com/wow/ui/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.blizzard.com/wow/ui/
+..\FrameXML\UI.xsd">
+	<Script file="SecureTemplates.lua"/>
+
+	<!-- A base template for secure frames (no-op in 1.12, no taint system) -->
+	<Frame name="SecureFrameTemplate" virtual="true"/>
+
+	<!-- Secure action button. Click behavior is driven natively by the C++
+	     Frame::Attributes module: setting a "type*" attribute installs the
+	     OnClick dispatcher, so the template itself needs no <OnClick>. -->
+	<Button name="SecureActionButtonTemplate" inherits="SecureFrameTemplate" virtual="true"/>
+
+	<!-- Unit-button variant (identical to the action button on 1.12; its
+	     "type"/"unit" attributes drive it). SecureUnitButton_OnLoad is a Lua
+	     convenience for the common target + right-click-menu setup. -->
+	<Button name="SecureUnitButtonTemplate" inherits="SecureFrameTemplate" virtual="true"/>
+
+	<!-- Insecure variant: identical behavior in 1.12 (no combat lockdown), so
+	     just inherit the secure template rather than duplicate its OnClick. -->
+	<Button name="InsecureActionButtonTemplate" inherits="SecureActionButtonTemplate" virtual="true"/>
+</Ui>

AddOns/!!!ClassicAPI/Util/AddOnCompat.lua

@@ -15,12 +15,15 @@ if C_AddOns.DoesAddOnExist('pfUI') then
         -- written for on their pfActionBar buttons, which breaks them. While
         -- the actionbar module builds those buttons, temporarily wrap
         -- CreateFrame to shadow HookScript with a falsy field so those forks
-        -- fall back to their vanilla SetScript path. The maintained "brues"
-        -- fork handles HookScript itself, so it's detected via the TOC
-        -- X-Website tag and left alone. The wrapper is removed as soon as the
-        -- actionbar module finishes loading so it affects nothing else.
+        -- fall back to their vanilla SetScript path. The wrapper is removed as
+        -- soon as the actionbar module finishes loading so it affects nothing
+        -- else. A pfUI is trusted to handle HookScript itself if EITHER signal
+        -- is present: the maintained "brues" X-Website tag OR the
+        -- `pfUI.handlesHookScript` capability flag. Without the website the
+        -- flag is required; if neither is present we apply the shim.
         local website = GetAddOnMetadata("pfUI", "X-Website")
-        if not website or not strfind(website, 'brues') then
+        local hasBruesWebsite = website and strfind(website, 'brues')
+        if not hasBruesWebsite and not pfUI.handlesHookScript then
             local _createFrame = CreateFrame
             local HookedCreateFrame = function(frameType, name, parent, template)
                 local frame = _createFrame(frameType, name, parent, template)
@@ -81,3 +84,16 @@ if C_AddOns.DoesAddOnExist("Puppeteer") then
         CAPI_MouseoverClearedCompat(PTEnemyUpdater)
     end)
 end
+
+-- Cartographer_Notes gates a WorldMap release-spirit hook behind an
+-- `if lua51` probe, treating a 5.1-capable Lua as a modern client that has
+-- the WorldMapDeathRelease frame. Our 5.1 syntax backport makes the probe
+-- pass, so Cartographer takes the modern branch and hooks a frame 1.12's
+-- WorldMap never had (WorldMapDeathRelease:SetScript in OnEnable) -> nil
+-- index. Provide an inert, hidden stub so the hook succeeds and does nothing
+-- -- the same outcome vanilla had, where the branch never ran. The embedded
+-- !!!ClassicAPI addon loads first, so the frame exists before Cartographer's
+-- OnEnable.
+if C_AddOns.DoesAddOnExist("Cartographer") and not WorldMapDeathRelease then
+    CreateFrame("Button", "WorldMapDeathRelease", WorldMapButton or UIParent):Hide()
+end

AddOns/!!!ClassicAPI/Util/AuraUtil.lua

@@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
+-- AuraUtil: iterate / find auras without allocating a table per aura.
+--
+-- Backport of FrameXML's AuraUtil, the helper library that sits on top of
+-- C_UnitAuras. Its whole value on 1.12 is the zero-allocation path: modern
+-- addons that scan many units' auras every frame call AuraUtil.ForEachAura (with
+-- usePackedAura false) instead of C_UnitAuras.GetAuraDataByIndex, so no AuraData
+-- table is built per aura -- which matters far more under Lua 5.0's mark-sweep
+-- GC than it does on retail's generational GC. See ClassicAPI issue #30.
+--
+-- Ported from the anniversary source (Blizzard_FrameXMLUtil/AuraUtil.lua),
+-- keeping the exact public shapes:
+--   * ForEachAura(unit, filter, batchSize, func, usePackedAura)
+--   * FindAura(predicate, unit, filter, arg1, arg2, arg3)
+--   * FindAuraByName(auraName, unit, filter)
+--   * UnpackAuraData(auraData)
+--
+-- Two deliberate differences from that source:
+--   1. Retail's ForEachAura/FindAura batch through GetAuraSlots / GetAuraDataBySlot
+--      (continuation tokens) -- 1.12 has no slot-batching API, so the bodies here
+--      iterate by index (1, 2, ...) until the accessor returns no aura. Same public
+--      contract, different internals.
+--   2. The non-packed ForEachAura and FindAura source each aura from the positional
+--      C_UnitAuras.UnitAura (no table), so both are zero-allocation here -- FindAura
+--      in particular, where the retail version allocates a table per aura scanned.
+--
+-- The comparator / dispel-priority / border helpers (DefaultAuraCompare,
+-- UnitFrameDebuffComparator, ShouldDisplayDebuff, SetAuraBorder*, IsPriorityDebuff)
+-- are NOT ported: they depend on isPriorityAura / auraInstanceID / the aura
+-- visualization pipeline / secure-call machinery, none of which exist on 1.12.
+
+local UnitAura = C_UnitAuras.UnitAura
+
+AuraUtil = AuraUtil or {};
+
+-- Returns the AuraData table's fields in the classic `UnitAura` positional order,
+-- for code written against that shape. Retail appends `unpack(auraData.points)`;
+-- vanilla auras carry no points, so the tuple ends at timeMod (15 values). Field
+-- #13 is `isFromPlayerOrPlayerPet` (the table's field) -- note the positional
+-- C_UnitAuras.UnitAura reports the higher-fidelity `castByPlayer` at #13 instead.
+function AuraUtil.UnpackAuraData(auraData)
+    if not auraData then
+        return nil;
+    end
+    return auraData.name,
+        auraData.icon,
+        auraData.applications,
+        auraData.dispelName,
+        auraData.duration,
+        auraData.expirationTime,
+        auraData.sourceUnit,
+        auraData.isStealable,
+        auraData.nameplateShowPersonal,
+        auraData.spellId,
+        auraData.canApplyAura,
+        auraData.isBossAura,
+        auraData.isFromPlayerOrPlayerPet,
+        auraData.nameplateShowAll,
+        auraData.timeMod;
+end
+
+-- Calls `func` for each aura on `unit` matching `filter`, in index order, until
+-- `func` returns a truthy value or the auras run out. Non-packed (default) passes
+-- the 15 positional `UnitAura` values (no table); `usePackedAura` passes the
+-- AuraData table from GetAuraDataByIndex. `batchSize <= 0` does nothing; any other
+-- value (or nil) visits every matching aura -- `batchSize` is retail's slot-batch
+-- hint, not a cap on how many auras are visited.
+function AuraUtil.ForEachAura(unit, filter, batchSize, func, usePackedAura)
+    if batchSize and batchSize <= 0 then
+        return;
+    end
+    local index = 1;
+    while true do
+        local done;
+        if usePackedAura then
+            local auraData = C_UnitAuras.GetAuraDataByIndex(unit, index, filter);
+            if auraData == nil then
+                return;
+            end
+            done = func(auraData);
+        else
+            local name, icon, count, dispelType, duration, expirationTime, source,
+                isStealable, nameplateShowPersonal, spellId, canApplyAura,
+                isBossDebuff, castByPlayer, nameplateShowAll, timeMod =
+                UnitAura(unit, index, filter);
+            if name == nil then
+                return;
+            end
+            done = func(name, icon, count, dispelType, duration, expirationTime,
+                source, isStealable, nameplateShowPersonal, spellId, canApplyAura,
+                isBossDebuff, castByPlayer, nameplateShowAll, timeMod);
+        end
+        if done then
+            return;
+        end
+        index = index + 1;
+    end
+end
+
+-- Recursive worker: `...` is the current aura's positional values (nil when the
+-- index is past the last aura). Tail-recurses to the next index. Lua 5.0 has
+-- proper tail calls, so depth is constant regardless of aura count.
+local function FindAuraRecurse(predicate, unit, filter, index, arg1, arg2, arg3, ...)
+    if ... == nil then
+        return nil; -- past the last aura -> not found
+    end
+    if predicate(arg1, arg2, arg3, ...) then
+        return ...;
+    end
+    index = index + 1;
+    return FindAuraRecurse(predicate, unit, filter, index, arg1, arg2, arg3,
+        UnitAura(unit, index, filter));
+end
+
+-- Returns the positional values of the first aura for which `predicate` returns
+-- truthy, or nil. `predicate` receives up to three caller args followed by the
+-- aura's positional values: predicate(arg1, arg2, arg3, name, icon, ...). Sources
+-- auras from the positional accessor, so no table is allocated while scanning.
+function AuraUtil.FindAura(predicate, unit, filter, arg1, arg2, arg3)
+    return FindAuraRecurse(predicate, unit, filter, 1, arg1, arg2, arg3,
+        UnitAura(unit, 1, filter));
+end
+
+-- Returns the positional values of the first aura whose name matches `auraName`,
+-- or nil. Names are localized and not unique -- this finds the first match.
+function AuraUtil.FindAuraByName(auraName, unit, filter)
+    return AuraUtil.UnpackAuraData(
+        C_UnitAuras.GetAuraDataBySpellName(unit, auraName, filter));
+end

AddOns/!!!ClassicAPI/Util/Constants.lua

@@ -132,4 +132,9 @@ INSCRIPTION_AVAILABLE = false;
 EQUIPPED_FIRST = 1;
 EQUIPPED_LAST = 19;
 
-BASE_MOVEMENT_SPEED = 7;
+BASE_MOVEMENT_SPEED = 7;
+
+UPPER_LEFT_VERTEX = 1;
+LOWER_LEFT_VERTEX = 2;
+UPPER_RIGHT_VERTEX = 3;
+LOWER_RIGHT_VERTEX = 4;

AddOns/!!!ClassicAPI/Util/FormattingUtil.lua

@@ -2,12 +2,15 @@
 -- 1.12 / Lua 5.0.
 --
 -- 5.0 notes: no `#`/`%`/string-method syntax — uses string.*, math.mod.
--- The currency/cost helpers (C_CurrencyInfo etc.) are omitted. GetMoneyString
--- uses text symbols, not coin texture markup (markup doesn't render in 1.12).
+-- GetMoneyString gives the text-symbol form ("12g 34s 56c"). The coin-icon form
+-- (GetCoinTextureString / C_CurrencyInfo.GetCoinTextureString) is provided by the
+-- ClassicAPI DLL in C++ (src/currency/CoinText.cpp) — like retail, where it's a
+-- C function — now that the inline-texture backport renders |T markup in 1.12.
 --
 -- The FrameXML format-string globals these functions consume
--- (LARGE_NUMBER_SEPERATOR, PERCENTAGE_STRING, GOLD_AMOUNT_SYMBOL, …) are
--- defined in the locale layer (locales/enUS.lua), which loads first.
+-- (LARGE_NUMBER_SEPERATOR, PERCENTAGE_STRING, GOLD_AMOUNT_SYMBOL,
+-- GOLD_AMOUNT_TEXTURE, …) are defined in the locale layer (locales/enUS.lua),
+-- which loads first.
 
 COPPER_PER_SILVER = 100;
 SILVER_PER_GOLD = 100;
@@ -73,10 +76,9 @@ function SplitTextIntoHeaderAndNonHeader(text)
 end
 
 -- (money, separateThousands [, checkGoldThreshold, showZeroAsGold])
--- Text-symbol form ("12g 34s 56c"); the coin-texture form from the
--- reference is dropped since texture markup doesn't render in 1.12. The
--- checkGoldThreshold arg is accepted for signature compatibility but not
--- applied (it relied on modern Constants tables).
+-- Text-symbol form ("12g 34s 56c"); for the coin-icon form use
+-- GetCoinTextureString below. The checkGoldThreshold arg is accepted for
+-- signature compatibility but not applied (it relied on modern Constants tables).
 function GetMoneyString(money, separateThousands, checkGoldThreshold, showZeroAsGold)
     local gold = math.floor(money / COPPER_PER_GOLD);
     local silver = math.floor(math.mod(money, COPPER_PER_GOLD) / COPPER_PER_SILVER);

AddOns/!!!ClassicAPI/Util/MacroOptions.lua

@@ -0,0 +1,488 @@
+-- SecureCmdOptionParse(options) -> value[, target]
+--
+-- Backports the macro-conditional parser (added in 2.0) so a modern option
+-- string like "[combat,@focus] Foo; [nostealth] Bar; Baz" resolves to the
+-- value of the first matching clause. Used by Util/SecureStateDriver.lua and
+-- callable by any macro / click-verb system that wants Blizzard's grammar.
+--
+-- Grammar reverse-engineered from the 3.3.5 Wow.exe (functions 0x005f0df0
+-- clause splitter, 0x005f0bb0 group parser, 0x005f0040 condition parser,
+-- 0x005ef5c0 evaluator), so it matches Blizzard's own precedence exactly:
+--   * clauses are split on ';' at bracket depth 0;
+--   * a clause is zero or more [group] blocks followed by a value (the text
+--     after the last ']', edge-trimmed -- may be empty);
+--   * a clause with NO groups always matches; groups are OR'd (first pass
+--     wins); conditions inside a group are comma-split and AND'd;
+--   * an '@unit' or 'target=unit' piece (case-insensitive) sets the group's
+--     target; every other piece is a condition, optionally negated by a 'no'
+--     prefix (stripped only when the piece is >= 3 chars) and optionally
+--     carrying ':a/b/c' args (each trimmed, multiple args OR'd);
+--   * the match returns the clause value plus the passing group's target
+--     token (nil when the passing group set none).
+--
+-- The 33 condition keywords are the 3.3.5 set, matched case-sensitively, plus
+-- one ClassicAPI extension: [known:spellID] / [known:name].
+-- Where a keyword's underlying state does not exist on 1.12 (flying, flyable,
+-- vehicleui, unithasvehicleui) the condition is a constant false; where 1.12
+-- only has a partial answer (spec is always primary, button/actionbar default
+-- to the resting state) the closest honest mapping is used. An UNKNOWN keyword
+-- is a hard false with a one-time warning -- never a silent pass -- so a typo
+-- can't wrongly show a frame. See docs/API.md for the full contract.
+--
+-- Each unique options string is parsed ONCE into a clause structure and cached
+-- (a plain table, matching the 3.3.5 C hash -- entries are never evicted, and
+-- the set is bounded by the strings addons actually register). Evaluation then
+-- just walks the structure calling predicate functions, so the 0.2s driver
+-- poll re-parses nothing.
+
+local type = type;
+local tonumber = tonumber;
+local strlen = string.len;
+local strsub = string.sub;
+local strlower = string.lower;
+local strmatch = string.match;
+local gmatch = string.gmatch;
+
+local function Trim(s)
+    return strmatch(s, "^%s*(.-)%s*$") or "";
+end
+
+local function AlwaysTrue()
+    return true;
+end
+
+local function AlwaysFalse()
+    return false;
+end
+
+-- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+-- Query helpers used by more than one predicate
+-- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+-- The shapeshift-BAR index of the active form (1-based), or 0 when formless.
+-- [stance:N] / [form:N] number by this bar order (druid 1 = Bear, 3 = Cat),
+-- which is NOT the DBC form id GetShapeshiftFormID() returns -- so the ':N'
+-- form deliberately does not use that faster reader.
+local function GetCurrentFormIndex()
+    for i = 1, GetNumShapeshiftForms() do
+        local _, _, active = GetShapeshiftFormInfo(i);
+        if active then
+            return i;
+        end
+    end
+    return 0;
+end
+
+-- True when any equipped item (slots 1..19) matches `want` by localized item
+-- type, subtype, or equip-location slot name. C_Item.GetItemInfoInstant is
+-- synchronous and link-accepting; worn gear is always cached, and a nil field
+-- simply fails the match (fail-safe).
+local function IsEquippedTypeMatch(want)
+    want = strlower(want);
+    for slot = 1, 19 do
+        local link = GetInventoryItemLink("player", slot);
+        if link then
+            local _, itemType, itemSubType, equipLoc = C_Item.GetItemInfoInstant(link);
+            if (itemType and strlower(itemType) == want)
+                or (itemSubType and strlower(itemSubType) == want) then
+                return true;
+            end
+            if equipLoc and equipLoc ~= "" then
+                local slotName = _G[equipLoc];
+                if slotName and strlower(slotName) == want then
+                    return true;
+                end
+            end
+        end
+    end
+    return false;
+end
+
+-- True when a spell named `want` (case-insensitive) is in the player's
+-- spellbook. This is the name form of [known:...]. There is no name -> id
+-- resolver, so a name can only resolve against castable spellbook entries;
+-- talents / passives / profession recipes that IsPlayerSpell reports for a
+-- spell id are not found by name.
+local function IsSpellNameKnown(want)
+    want = strlower(want);
+    local i = 1;
+    while true do
+        local name = GetSpellName(i, "spell");
+        if not name then
+            return false;
+        end
+        if strlower(name) == want then
+            return true;
+        end
+        i = i + 1;
+    end
+end
+
+-- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+-- Condition predicates -- signature f(target, args) -> truthy.
+-- `args` is nil for a bare condition, else { n = <count>, [i] = <trimmed> };
+-- multiple args are OR'd.
+-- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+local CONDITIONS = {};
+
+CONDITIONS[""] = AlwaysTrue;                      -- empty keyword ([] / [ ]) always matches
+
+CONDITIONS.combat = function()
+    return UnitAffectingCombat("player");
+end
+
+CONDITIONS.exists = function(target)
+    return UnitExists(target);
+end
+
+CONDITIONS.dead = function(target)
+    return UnitIsDeadOrGhost(target);
+end
+
+CONDITIONS.help = function(target)
+    return UnitCanAssist("player", target);
+end
+
+CONDITIONS.harm = function(target)
+    return UnitCanAttack("player", target);
+end
+
+CONDITIONS.party = function(target)
+    return UnitPlayerOrPetInParty(target);
+end
+
+CONDITIONS.raid = function(target)
+    return UnitInRaid(target);
+end
+
+-- [group] = in any group; [group:party] true in a party OR raid (raid members
+-- occupy party subgroups, matching retail); [group:raid] true only in a raid.
+CONDITIONS.group = function(target, args)
+    local inParty = GetNumPartyMembers() > 0;
+    local inRaid = GetNumRaidMembers() > 0;
+    if args then
+        for i = 1, args.n do
+            local a = strlower(args[i]);
+            if a == "raid" then
+                if inRaid then return true; end
+            elseif a == "party" then
+                if inParty or inRaid then return true; end
+            end
+        end
+        return false;
+    end
+    return inParty or inRaid;
+end
+
+CONDITIONS.stance = function(target, args)
+    if args then
+        local cur = GetCurrentFormIndex();
+        for i = 1, args.n do
+            if tonumber(args[i]) == cur then return true; end
+        end
+        return false;
+    end
+    return GetShapeshiftFormID() ~= 0;
+end
+
+CONDITIONS.stealth = function()
+    return IsStealthed();
+end
+
+CONDITIONS.mounted = function()
+    return IsMounted();
+end
+
+CONDITIONS.swimming = function()
+    return IsSwimming();
+end
+
+CONDITIONS.indoors = function()
+    return IsIndoors();
+end
+
+CONDITIONS.outdoors = function()
+    return IsOutdoors();
+end
+
+-- Vanilla has one permanent spec: [spec] and [spec:1] pass, higher indices fail.
+CONDITIONS.spec = function(target, args)
+    if args then
+        for i = 1, args.n do
+            if args[i] == "1" then return true; end
+        end
+        return false;
+    end
+    return true;
+end
+
+CONDITIONS.modifier = function(target, args)
+    if args then
+        for i = 1, args.n do
+            local a = strlower(args[i]);
+            if a == "shift" then
+                if IsShiftKeyDown() then return true; end
+            elseif a == "ctrl" then
+                if IsControlKeyDown() then return true; end
+            elseif a == "alt" then
+                if IsAltKeyDown() then return true; end
+            end
+        end
+        return false;
+    end
+    return IsShiftKeyDown() or IsControlKeyDown() or IsAltKeyDown();
+end
+
+-- Outside a click context the "current" button is the left button.
+CONDITIONS.button = function(target, args)
+    if args then
+        for i = 1, args.n do
+            local a = args[i];
+            if a == "1" or strlower(a) == "leftbutton" then return true; end
+        end
+        return false;
+    end
+    return true;
+end
+
+CONDITIONS.actionbar = function(target, args)
+    if args then
+        local page = CURRENT_ACTIONBAR_PAGE or 1;
+        for i = 1, args.n do
+            if tonumber(args[i]) == page then return true; end
+        end
+        return false;
+    end
+    return true;
+end
+
+CONDITIONS.bonusbar = function(target, args)
+    local offset = GetBonusBarOffset();
+    if args then
+        for i = 1, args.n do
+            if tonumber(args[i]) == offset then return true; end
+        end
+        return false;
+    end
+    return offset > 0;
+end
+
+CONDITIONS.pet = function(target, args)
+    if args then
+        local petName = UnitName("pet");
+        local petFamily = UnitCreatureFamily("pet");
+        petName = petName and strlower(petName);
+        petFamily = petFamily and strlower(petFamily);
+        for i = 1, args.n do
+            local a = strlower(args[i]);
+            if a == petName or a == petFamily then return true; end
+        end
+        return false;
+    end
+    return UnitExists("pet");
+end
+
+-- ClassicAPI cedes the global name UnitChannelInfo/ChannelInfo to addons, so the
+-- player's channel state is read through the namespaced C_Spell.ChannelInfo().
+CONDITIONS.channeling = function(target, args)
+    local name = C_Spell.ChannelInfo();
+    if args then
+        if not name then return false; end
+        name = strlower(name);
+        for i = 1, args.n do
+            if strlower(args[i]) == name then return true; end
+        end
+        return false;
+    end
+    return name ~= nil;
+end
+
+CONDITIONS.equipped = function(target, args)
+    if not args then return false; end          -- [equipped] with no type never matches
+    for i = 1, args.n do
+        if IsEquippedTypeMatch(args[i]) then return true; end
+    end
+    return false;
+end
+
+CONDITIONS.cursor = function()
+    return GetCursorInfo() ~= nil;
+end
+
+-- ClassicAPI extension (not a 3.3.5 conditional). [known:spellID] uses
+-- IsPlayerSpell (broad knowledge -- spellbook, talents, recipes, racials);
+-- [known:name] falls back to a spellbook name scan (see IsSpellNameKnown).
+CONDITIONS.known = function(target, args)
+    if not args then return false; end
+    for i = 1, args.n do
+        local a = args[i];
+        local id = tonumber(a);
+        if id then
+            if IsPlayerSpell(id) then return true; end
+        elseif IsSpellNameKnown(a) then
+            return true;
+        end
+    end
+    return false;
+end
+
+-- No such state on 1.12.
+CONDITIONS.flying = AlwaysFalse;
+CONDITIONS.flyable = AlwaysFalse;
+CONDITIONS.vehicleui = AlwaysFalse;
+CONDITIONS.unithasvehicleui = AlwaysFalse;
+
+-- Aliases (share the function reference).
+CONDITIONS.form = CONDITIONS.stance;
+CONDITIONS.mod = CONDITIONS.modifier;
+CONDITIONS.btn = CONDITIONS.button;
+CONDITIONS.bar = CONDITIONS.actionbar;
+CONDITIONS.worn = CONDITIONS.equipped;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+-- Parser
+-- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+local warned = {};
+
+-- piece -> { pred = fn, neg = bool, args = { n, [i] } or nil }
+local function ParseCondition(piece)
+    local neg = false;
+    if strlen(piece) >= 3 and strsub(piece, 1, 2) == "no" then
+        neg = true;
+        piece = strsub(piece, 3);
+    end
+
+    local keyword, argstr = strmatch(piece, "^([^:]*):?(.*)$");
+    keyword = Trim(keyword);
+
+    local args;
+    if argstr ~= "" then
+        args = { n = 0 };
+        for a in gmatch(argstr .. "/", "([^/]*)/") do
+            args.n = args.n + 1;
+            args[args.n] = Trim(a);
+        end
+    end
+
+    local pred = CONDITIONS[keyword];
+    if not pred then
+        if not warned[keyword] then
+            warned[keyword] = true;
+            print("SecureCmdOptionParse: unknown condition '" .. keyword .. "'");
+        end
+        pred = AlwaysFalse;
+        neg = false;                            -- an unknown keyword is a hard false
+    end
+
+    return { pred = pred, neg = neg, args = args };
+end
+
+-- group body -> { target = str or nil, n, [i] = cond }
+local function ParseGroup(body)
+    local group = { n = 0 };
+    -- Sentinel comma so a run ending at end-of-body (and an empty body) yields
+    -- a piece; each piece is (non-comma)* up to a comma.
+    for piece in gmatch(body .. ",", "([^,]*),") do
+        piece = Trim(piece);
+        if strsub(piece, 1, 1) == "@" then
+            group.target = Trim(strsub(piece, 2));
+        elseif strlower(strsub(piece, 1, 7)) == "target=" then
+            group.target = Trim(strsub(piece, 8));
+        else
+            group.n = group.n + 1;
+            group[group.n] = ParseCondition(piece);
+        end
+    end
+    return group;
+end
+
+-- clause text -> { value = str, groups = { n, [i] = group } }
+local function ParseClause(text)
+    local groups = { n = 0 };
+    -- Greedy up to the LAST ']' splits the [group] blocks from the value.
+    local body, value = strmatch(text, "^%s*(.*%])(.*)$");
+    if not body then
+        return { value = Trim(text), groups = groups };
+    end
+    for groupBody in gmatch(body, "%[([^%]]*)%]") do
+        groups.n = groups.n + 1;
+        groups[groups.n] = ParseGroup(groupBody);
+    end
+    return { value = Trim(value), groups = groups };
+end
+
+-- options -> { n, [i] = clause }.  Splits on ';' at bracket depth 0.
+local function ParseOptions(options)
+    local clauses = { n = 0 };
+    local len = strlen(options);
+    local pos = 1;
+    while pos <= len + 1 do
+        local i = pos;
+        local depth = 0;
+        while i <= len do
+            local c = strsub(options, i, i);
+            if c == "[" then
+                depth = 1;
+            elseif c == "]" then
+                depth = 0;
+            elseif c == ";" and depth == 0 then
+                break;
+            end
+            i = i + 1;
+        end
+        clauses.n = clauses.n + 1;
+        clauses[clauses.n] = ParseClause(strsub(options, pos, i - 1));
+        pos = i + 1;
+    end
+    return clauses;
+end
+
+-- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+-- Evaluation
+-- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+local cache = {};
+
+local function GroupPasses(group)
+    local target = group.target or "target";
+    for i = 1, group.n do
+        local cond = group[i];
+        local ok = cond.pred(target, cond.args);
+        if cond.neg then
+            ok = not ok;
+        end
+        if not ok then
+            return false;
+        end
+    end
+    return true;
+end
+
+function SecureCmdOptionParse(options)
+    if type(options) ~= "string" then
+        error("Usage: SecureCmdOptionParse(\"options\")");
+        return nil;                             -- WoW's error() may not unwind
+    end
+
+    local clauses = cache[options];
+    if not clauses then
+        clauses = ParseOptions(options);
+        cache[options] = clauses;
+    end
+
+    for i = 1, clauses.n do
+        local clause = clauses[i];
+        local groups = clause.groups;
+        if groups.n == 0 then
+            return clause.value;
+        end
+        for j = 1, groups.n do
+            if GroupPasses(groups[j]) then
+                return clause.value, groups[j].target;
+            end
+        end
+    end
+    return nil;
+end

AddOns/!!!ClassicAPI/Util/SecureStateDriver.lua

@@ -0,0 +1,222 @@
+-- SecureStateDriver: automatic frame state / visibility from macro conditionals.
+--
+-- Backports FrameXML's SecureStateDriverManager. A registered driver re-runs
+-- SecureCmdOptionParse (Util/MacroOptions.lua) on a 0.2s poll (plus an instant
+-- rescan on the events below) and applies the result:
+--   * RegisterStateDriver(frame, "visibility", "[combat] hide; show") -> the
+--     value "show"/"hide" drives frame:Show()/Hide();
+--   * RegisterStateDriver / RegisterAttributeDriver for any other state ->
+--     frame:SetAttribute("state-"..state, value), so an OnAttributeChanged
+--     handler reacts to it;
+--   * RegisterUnitWatch(frame [, asState]) -> shows/hides (or sets
+--     "state-unitexists") as the frame's `unit` attribute comes and goes.
+--
+-- Base: 3.3.5 FrameXML/SecureStateDriver.lua, with the anniversary refinements
+-- grafted in (the resolveDriver() consolidation, tonumber() coercion of driver
+-- values, the literal string 'nil' -> nil, and the "statehidden" attribute).
+--
+-- Three deliberate deviations from upstream, all because 1.12 has no taint and
+-- our attribute system fires OnAttributeChanged SYNCHRONOUSLY:
+--   1. No attribute-bootstrap manager. Upstream drives itself through
+--      SecureStateDriverManager:SetAttribute("setframe"/"setstate"/...) -- a
+--      taint-boundary trick. Our SetAttribute has a recursion guard (a nested
+--      SetAttribute stores the value but does NOT fire the handler, see
+--      src/frame/Attributes.cpp), so doing the registration-time resolve from
+--      inside that handler would silently swallow the target frame's own
+--      OnAttributeChanged. Instead the public Register* functions write plain
+--      local tables and resolve immediately at top level. Public signatures are
+--      unchanged from retail.
+--   2. GetTime()-deadline throttle instead of the OnUpdate `elapsed` arg (1.12
+--      handlers take no parameters).
+--   3. UpdateUnitWatch guards its "statehidden"/"state-unitexists" writes on a
+--      real change, so a watched frame's handler is not fired at 5 Hz.
+
+-- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+-- SecureButton_* (minimal -- no taint, no modifier/button suffix machinery)
+-- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+-- SecureButton_GetAttribute and SecureButton_GetUnit are defined in
+-- SecureTemplates.lua (loaded earlier via SecureTemplates.xml).
+
+-- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+-- Private state
+-- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+local secureAttributeDrivers = {};              -- [frame][attribute] = optionsString
+local unitExistsWatchers = {};                  -- [frame] = doState (boolean)
+local unitExistsCache = setmetatable({}, {
+    __index = function(t, k)
+        local v = (UnitExists(k) and true) or false;
+        t[k] = v;
+        return v;
+    end,
+});
+
+local STATE_DRIVER_UPDATE_THROTTLE = 0.2;
+local nextUpdate = 0;
+
+local pairs = pairs;
+
+function UnitWatchRegistered(frame)
+    return unitExistsWatchers[frame] ~= nil;
+end
+
+-- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+-- Resolvers
+-- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+local function UpdateUnitWatch(frame, doState)
+    local unit = SecureButton_GetUnit(frame);
+    local exists = (unit and unitExistsCache[unit]) or false;
+    if doState then
+        if frame:GetAttribute("state-unitexists") ~= exists then
+            frame:SetAttribute("state-unitexists", exists);
+        end
+    else
+        if exists then
+            frame:Show();
+        else
+            frame:Hide();
+        end
+        local hidden = (not exists) or nil;
+        if frame:GetAttribute("statehidden") ~= hidden then
+            frame:SetAttribute("statehidden", hidden);
+        end
+    end
+end
+
+local function resolveDriver(frame, attribute, values)
+    local newValue = SecureCmdOptionParse(values);
+
+    if attribute == "state-visibility" then
+        if newValue == "show" then
+            frame:Show();
+            if frame:GetAttribute("statehidden") ~= nil then
+                frame:SetAttribute("statehidden", nil);
+            end
+        elseif newValue == "hide" then
+            frame:Hide();
+            if frame:GetAttribute("statehidden") ~= true then
+                frame:SetAttribute("statehidden", true);
+            end
+        end
+    elseif newValue then
+        if newValue == "nil" then
+            newValue = nil;
+        else
+            newValue = tonumber(newValue) or newValue;
+        end
+        if frame:GetAttribute(attribute) ~= newValue then
+            frame:SetAttribute(attribute, newValue);
+        end
+    end
+end
+
+-- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+-- Manager frame
+-- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+SecureStateDriverManager = CreateFrame("Frame", "SecureStateDriverManager");
+SecureStateDriverManager:Hide();                -- hidden -> no OnUpdate until a driver exists
+
+SecureStateDriverManager:SetScript("OnUpdate", function()
+    local now = GetTime();
+    if now < nextUpdate then
+        return;
+    end
+    nextUpdate = now + STATE_DRIVER_UPDATE_THROTTLE;
+
+    for frame, drivers in pairs(secureAttributeDrivers) do
+        for attribute, values in pairs(drivers) do
+            resolveDriver(frame, attribute, values);
+        end
+    end
+
+    for k in pairs(unitExistsCache) do
+        unitExistsCache[k] = nil;
+    end
+    for frame, doState in pairs(unitExistsWatchers) do
+        UpdateUnitWatch(frame, doState);
+    end
+end);
+
+SecureStateDriverManager:SetScript("OnEvent", function()
+    nextUpdate = 0;                             -- force a rescan on the next frame
+end);
+
+SecureStateDriverManager:SetScript("OnAttributeChanged", function()
+    if arg1 == "updatetime" and tonumber(arg2) then
+        STATE_DRIVER_UPDATE_THROTTLE = tonumber(arg2);
+    end
+end);
+
+-- Events that warrant an early rescan. Each is guarded so a name this client
+-- doesn't define (e.g. UPDATE_STEALTH) is simply skipped.
+local rescanEvents = {
+    "MODIFIER_STATE_CHANGED",                   -- ClassicAPI-fired
+    "PLAYER_FOCUS_CHANGED",                      -- ClassicAPI-fired
+    "UPDATE_SHAPESHIFT_FORM",                    -- ClassicAPI-fired (singular)
+    "UPDATE_SHAPESHIFT_FORMS",                   -- native 1.12 (plural)
+    "ACTIONBAR_PAGE_CHANGED",
+    "UPDATE_BONUS_ACTIONBAR",
+    "PLAYER_ENTERING_WORLD",
+    "UPDATE_STEALTH",
+    "PLAYER_TARGET_CHANGED",
+    "PLAYER_REGEN_DISABLED",
+    "PLAYER_REGEN_ENABLED",
+    "UNIT_PET",
+    "RAID_ROSTER_UPDATE",
+    "PARTY_MEMBERS_CHANGED",
+};
+for _, event in ipairs(rescanEvents) do
+    if C_EventUtils.IsEventValid(event) then
+        SecureStateDriverManager:RegisterEvent(event);
+    end
+end
+
+-- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+-- Public API
+-- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+function RegisterAttributeDriver(frame, attribute, values)
+    if attribute and values and string.sub(attribute, 1, 1) ~= "_" then
+        local drivers = secureAttributeDrivers[frame];
+        if not drivers then
+            drivers = {};
+            secureAttributeDrivers[frame] = drivers;
+        end
+        drivers[attribute] = values;
+        SecureStateDriverManager:Show();
+        resolveDriver(frame, attribute, values);
+    end
+end
+
+function UnregisterAttributeDriver(frame, attribute)
+    if attribute then
+        local drivers = secureAttributeDrivers[frame];
+        if drivers then
+            drivers[attribute] = nil;
+        end
+    else
+        secureAttributeDrivers[frame] = nil;
+    end
+end
+
+function RegisterStateDriver(frame, state, values)
+    RegisterAttributeDriver(frame, "state-" .. state, values);
+end
+
+function UnregisterStateDriver(frame, state)
+    UnregisterAttributeDriver(frame, state and ("state-" .. state));
+end
+
+function RegisterUnitWatch(frame, asState)
+    local doState = (asState and true) or false;
+    unitExistsWatchers[frame] = doState;
+    SecureStateDriverManager:Show();
+    UpdateUnitWatch(frame, doState);
+end
+
+function UnregisterUnitWatch(frame)
+    unitExistsWatchers[frame] = nil;
+end

AddOns/!!!ClassicAPI/Util/TextureUtil.lua

@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+TextureUtil = {};
+
+function SetClampedTextureRotation(texture, rotationDegrees)
+    if (rotationDegrees ~= 0 and rotationDegrees ~= 90 and rotationDegrees ~= 180 and rotationDegrees ~= 270) then
+        error("SetRotation: rotationDegrees must be 0, 90, 180, or 270");
+        return;
+    end
+
+    if not (texture.rotationDegrees) then
+        texture.origTexCoords = {texture:GetTexCoord()};
+        texture.origWidth = texture:GetWidth();
+        texture.origHeight = texture:GetHeight();
+    end
+
+    if (texture.rotationDegrees == rotationDegrees) then
+        return;
+    end
+
+    texture.rotationDegrees = rotationDegrees;
+
+    if (rotationDegrees == 0 or rotationDegrees == 180) then
+        texture:SetWidth(texture.origWidth);
+        texture:SetHeight(texture.origHeight);
+    else
+        texture:SetWidth(texture.origHeight);
+        texture:SetHeight(texture.origWidth);
+    end
+
+    if (rotationDegrees == 0) then
+        texture:SetTexCoord( texture.origTexCoords[1], texture.origTexCoords[2],
+                             texture.origTexCoords[3], texture.origTexCoords[4],
+                             texture.origTexCoords[5], texture.origTexCoords[6],
+                             texture.origTexCoords[7], texture.origTexCoords[8] );
+    elseif (rotationDegrees == 90) then
+        texture:SetTexCoord( texture.origTexCoords[3], texture.origTexCoords[4],
+                             texture.origTexCoords[7], texture.origTexCoords[8],
+                             texture.origTexCoords[1], texture.origTexCoords[2],
+                             texture.origTexCoords[5], texture.origTexCoords[6] );
+    elseif (rotationDegrees == 180) then
+        texture:SetTexCoord( texture.origTexCoords[7], texture.origTexCoords[8],
+                             texture.origTexCoords[5], texture.origTexCoords[6],
+                             texture.origTexCoords[3], texture.origTexCoords[4],
+                             texture.origTexCoords[1], texture.origTexCoords[2] );
+    elseif (rotationDegrees == 270) then
+        texture:SetTexCoord( texture.origTexCoords[5], texture.origTexCoords[6],
+                             texture.origTexCoords[1], texture.origTexCoords[2],
+                             texture.origTexCoords[7], texture.origTexCoords[8],
+                             texture.origTexCoords[3], texture.origTexCoords[4] );
+    end
+end
+
+function ClearClampedTextureRotation(texture)
+    if (texture.rotationDegrees) then
+        SetClampedTextureRotation(texture, 0);
+        texture.origTexCoords = nil;
+        texture.origWidth = nil;
+        texture.origHeight = nil;
+        texture.rotationDegrees = nil;
+    end
+end
+
+function GetTexCoordsByGrid(xOffset, yOffset, textureWidth, textureHeight, gridWidth, gridHeight)
+    local widthPerGrid = gridWidth / textureWidth;
+    local heightPerGrid = gridHeight / textureHeight;
+    return (xOffset - 1) * widthPerGrid, (xOffset) * widthPerGrid, (yOffset - 1) * heightPerGrid, (yOffset) * heightPerGrid;
+end
+
+-- left/right/top/bottom are normalized [0..1] coords within the file (the
+-- markup's texel fields are produced by multiplying back up by the file size).
+function CreateTextureMarkup(file, fileWidth, fileHeight, width, height, left, right, top, bottom, xOffset, yOffset)
+    return string.format("|T%s:%d:%d:%d:%d:%d:%d:%d:%d:%d:%d|t",
+          file
+        , height
+        , width
+        , xOffset or 0
+        , yOffset or 0
+        , fileWidth
+        , fileHeight
+        , left * fileWidth
+        , right * fileWidth
+        , top * fileHeight
+        , bottom * fileHeight
+    );
+end
+
+function CreateSimpleTextureMarkup(file, width, height, xOffset, yOffset)
+    return string.format("|T%s:%d:%d:%d:%d|t",
+          file
+        , height or width
+        , width
+        , xOffset or 0
+        , yOffset or 0
+    );
+end

AddOns/!!!ClassicAPI/Util/TradeSkillLink.lua

@@ -754,8 +754,8 @@ local function ShowTradeSkillLink(link, text)
 	frame.bar:SetMinMaxValues(0, (max and max > 0) and max or 1);
 	frame.bar:SetValue(cur or 0);
 	frame.barName:SetText(prof);
-	frame.barRank:SetText(string.format("%d/%d", cur or 0, max or 0));
-	frame.summary:SetText(string.format("%d of %d recipes known", known, total));
+	frame.barRank:SetFormattedText("%d/%d", cur or 0, max or 0);
+	frame.summary:SetFormattedText("%d of %d recipes known", known, total);
 	frame.recipes = knownList;
 	frame.subclassFilter = nil;
 

AddOns/!!!ClassicAPI/locales/enUS.lua

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ BINDING_NAME_TARGETFOCUS = "Target Focus";
 CONFIRM_DELETE_EQUIPMENT_SET = "Are you sure you want to delete the equipment set %s?";
 CONFIRM_SAVE_EQUIPMENT_SET = "Would you like to save the equipment set \"%s\"?";
 COPPER_AMOUNT_SYMBOL = "c";
+COPPER_AMOUNT_TEXTURE = "%d|TInterface\\MoneyFrame\\UI-MoneyIcons:%d:%d:0:0:4:1:2:3:0:1|t";
 DEBUFF_SYMBOL_CURSE = "Cu";
 DEBUFF_SYMBOL_DISEASE = "Di";
 DEBUFF_SYMBOL_MAGIC = "Ma";
@@ -31,6 +32,8 @@ FOCUSTARGET = "Focus Target";
 GEARSETS_POPUP_TEXT = "Enter Set Name (Max 16 Characters):";
 GENERIC_FRACTION_STRING = "%d/%d";
 GOLD_AMOUNT_SYMBOL = "g";
+GOLD_AMOUNT_TEXTURE = "%d|TInterface\\MoneyFrame\\UI-MoneyIcons:%d:%d:0:0:4:1:0:1:0:1|t";
+GOLD_AMOUNT_TEXTURE_STRING = "%s|TInterface\\MoneyFrame\\UI-MoneyIcons:%d:%d:0:0:4:1:0:1:0:1|t";
 HOURS_MINUTES_SECONDS = "%.2d:%.2d:%.2d";
 ICON_FILTER_ALL = "All Icons";
 ICON_FILTER_ITEM = "Items";
@@ -75,6 +78,7 @@ PERCENTAGE_STRING = "%d%%";
 SET_FRIENDNOTE_LABEL = "Set Notes for %s:";
 SET_NOTE = "Set Note";
 SILVER_AMOUNT_SYMBOL = "s";
+SILVER_AMOUNT_TEXTURE = "%d|TInterface\\MoneyFrame\\UI-MoneyIcons:%d:%d:0:0:4:1:1:2:0:1|t";
 SLASH_CLEARFOCUS1 = "/clearfocus";
 SLASH_CLEARFOCUS2 = "/clearfocus";
 SLASH_EQUIP_SET1 = "/equipset";

CMakeLists.txt

@@ -142,12 +142,29 @@ target_include_directories(
 set_target_properties(${PROJECT_NAME} PROPERTIES OUTPUT_NAME "ClassicAPI")
 
 set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} /MT")
-set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_RELEASE "/MT /O2 /Ob2 /DNDEBUG")
+# /Zi retains full debug info (source file + line numbers, locals, types) in a
+# separate PDB WITHOUT disabling optimization — the DLL stays a fully optimized
+# /O2 release build; the symbols just live in ClassicAPI.pdb on the side. Feeds
+# the linker's /DEBUG below.
+set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_RELEASE "/MT /O2 /Ob2 /DNDEBUG /Zi")
 set(CMAKE_SHARED_LINKER_FLAGS
-    # /MAP emits build/Release/ClassicAPI.map — a linker-only output (no effect
-    # on code layout) that maps `0001:offset` addresses from WoW's ERROR #132
-    # crash dumps back to functions. Published as a build/release artifact so
-    # any crash from a shipped DLL can be triaged exactly. (/OPT:ICF folds
-    # identical functions, so a few map symbols share an address — harmless.)
-    "/OPT:REF /OPT:ICF /MERGE:.rdata=.text /MERGE:.pdata=.text /SECTION:.text,EWR /NODEFAULTLIB:MSVCRT /MAP"
+    # Two debug artifacts for triaging crashes from a SHIPPED DLL. Both are
+    # published as release artifacts, match this exact build, and have no effect
+    # on code layout:
+    #   /MAP   -> build/Release/ClassicAPI.map: a text symbol->address table
+    #             that resolves the `0001:offset` addresses in WoW's ERROR #132
+    #             crash log back to functions by hand (no debugger/dump needed).
+    #   /DEBUG -> build/Release/ClassicAPI.pdb: full symbols (paired with the
+    #             compiler's /Zi) so WinDbg/x64dbg/VS produce a line-level
+    #             symbolicated call stack from a crash dump. A SEPARATE file —
+    #             it is NOT embedded in the DLL, only a small signature record
+    #             linking the two is.
+    # /DEBUG implicitly disables /OPT:REF and /OPT:ICF (dead-code strip +
+    # identical-COMDAT fold); they are listed explicitly below so they stay ON
+    # and the shipped DLL does not grow. (/OPT:ICF folds identical functions, so
+    # a few map symbols share an address — harmless.)
+    # /DEF exports `Load` (VanillaFixes' post-injection entry point) undecorated
+    # so its GetProcAddress(module, "Load") resolves. See src/ClassicAPI.def and
+    # the loader-lock rationale in src/DllMain.cpp.
+    "/OPT:REF /OPT:ICF /MERGE:.rdata=.text /MERGE:.pdata=.text /SECTION:.text,EWR /NODEFAULTLIB:MSVCRT /MAP /DEBUG /DEF:${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/ClassicAPI.def"
 )

README.md

@@ -1,25 +1,56 @@
 # ClassicAPI
 
-A small DLL for World of Warcraft 1.12.1 (Vanilla / Turtle WoW) that adds a
-collection of Lua API calls Blizzard never exposed in 1.12 but which make
-addon authoring noticeably less painful — primarily for backporting addons
-written against later API versions (3.3.5+) where these calls do exist.
+ClassicAPI is a DLL for World of Warcraft 1.12.1 (Vanilla / Turtle WoW). It
+backports a large part of the modern WoW API — 550+ functions and 50+ events,
+plus much of Lua 5.1 — into the 1.12 client, so addons written for later
+versions (3.3.5+ or Classic Era) run with little or no change.
 
-The DLL hooks the FrameScript engine after WoW boots and registers its
-extensions through the same in-engine mechanisms WoW uses for its own Lua
-functions. No companion addon is required.
+It hooks the engine after WoW boots and registers everything the same way WoW
+registers its own Lua functions. Nothing else to install — the DLL is
+self-contained.
 
-## What's added
+## Highlights
 
-Full per-function reference: **[docs/API.md](docs/API.md)**.
+The headline features. Each one takes effect as soon as the DLL loads, so your
+existing addons benefit without any code changes. The complete per-function
+reference is in **[docs/API.md](docs/API.md)**.
 
-### Calls
+### Lua 5.1 compatibility
+
+The flagship feature: run modern Lua 5.1 addon code on 1.12's Lua 5.0 VM.
+
+| Feature | Effect |
+|---------|--------|
+| Syntax | Compiles the Lua 5.1 length (`#`), modulo (`%`), `...`-expression, `0x` hex-literal, and leveled long bracket (`[=[ ]=]`) syntax that vanilla's Lua 5.0 rejects, by rewriting addon source before it compiles. Each addon file also receives its `(name, table)` through `...` (`local name, tbl = ...`). See [Lua 5.1 syntax](docs/API.md#lua-51-syntax). |
+| String methods | Every string value accepts method calls — `("asd"):upper()`, `("%d gold"):format(n)`, `msg:match("^!(%w+)")` — resolving through the `string` table, the way Lua 5.1 works. Vanilla's Lua 5.0 errors with `attempt to index a string value`. Works on literals and variables, in-world and on the login screen, and inside coroutines. See [String methods](docs/API.md#string-methods-supper-sformat). |
+| Script-handler arguments | Frame-script handlers receive their values as positional arguments — `OnMouseWheel(self, delta)`, `OnClick(self, button)`, `OnEvent(self, event, ...)`, etc. — the way 5.1+ clients do, so modern addon ports work unmodified. The `this` / `arg1` globals stay set. A handler that declares no parameters is unaffected. A handler that declared a parameter and expected nil now receives its real value. On by default. `SetModernScriptArgs(false)` restores exact vanilla dispatch. See [SetModernScriptArgs](docs/API.md#setmodernscriptargsenable--getmodernscriptargs). |
+
+### Modern client behaviors
+
+| Feature | Effect |
+|---------|--------|
+| Inline textures | Draws inline texture markup (`\|T…\|t`) as icons in FontStrings, chat, and tooltips, the way 4.3.4+ clients do. Vanilla 1.12 shows the raw escape as literal text instead. This covers item and spell icons, raid-target markers, and the coin icons in money strings. `GetStringWidth` and `GetStringHeight` count the icons, so measured width and text wrapping stay correct. Done in pure C++ by hooking the engine's text pipeline — no addon. |
+| Tooltip line cap | Lifts `GameTooltip`'s hard 30-line limit to 60 for every `GameTooltipTemplate` frame (`GameTooltip`, `ShoppingTooltip1/2`, `ItemRefTooltip`, AtlasLoot, …). Stat-heavy tooltips and comparison blocks (e.g. pfUI's eqcompare) no longer have their extra lines silently dropped. Done in pure C++ by growing the engine's FontString pool at tooltip-creation time. |
+| Event-driven nameplates | The modern `C_NamePlate` API, driven by real events instead of vanilla frame-scraping. `NAME_PLATE_UNIT_ADDED` / `NAME_PLATE_UNIT_REMOVED` fire as plates appear and vanish, `nameplate1`..`nameplateN` tokens resolve with every `UnitX` function (and fire `UNIT_HEALTH`, `UNIT_AURA`, … as `arg1 == "nameplateN"`), and `C_NamePlate.GetNamePlateForUnit` / `GetNamePlates` hand back the live frames. See [NamePlate](docs/API.md#nameplate). |
+| Focus target | A sticky focus unit, like later clients. `FocusUnit("target")` pins it and `ClearFocus()` drops it, with `PLAYER_FOCUS_CHANGED` on every change. The `focus` / `focustarget` tokens resolve with every `UnitX` function and fire unit events (`UNIT_HEALTH`, `UNIT_AURA`, … as `arg1 == "focus"`), and the predefined `FOCUSTARGET` / `TARGETFOCUS` keybinds are ready to set. See [Focus](docs/API.md#focus). |
+| Multi-flavor & conditional TOC | Loads modern multi-flavor addons that ship one folder. Selects a version-specific TOC (`<Name>_ClassicAPI.toc` or `<Name>_Turtle.toc`) and the matching keybinding file (`Bindings_ClassicAPI.xml` / `Bindings_Turtle.xml`), accepts a comma-separated `## Interface:` version list (compatible when it includes the client version `11200`), and honors per-line `[AllowLoadGameType]` / `[AllowLoadTextLocale]` conditions and `[Family]` / `[Game]` / `[TextLocale]` path variables inside a TOC. See [Conditional and multi-flavor TOC loading](docs/API.md#conditional-and-multi-flavor-toc-loading). |
+
+## Full API reference
+
+Everything ClassicAPI adds, in full. Each section is collapsed — click a
+heading to expand it. For signatures and return values, see the per-function
+reference in **[docs/API.md](docs/API.md)**.
+
+<details>
+<summary><b>In-game Lua calls</b> — 550+ functions across ~60 namespaces</summary>
 
 | Namespace | Calls |
 |-----------|-------|
 | [Action](docs/API.md#action) | `GetActionInfo` |
-| [AddOns](docs/API.md#addons) | `C_AddOns.DoesAddOnExist`, `C_AddOns.GetAddOnName`, `C_AddOns.GetAddOnNotes`, `C_AddOns.GetAddOnOptionalDependencies`, `C_AddOns.GetAddOnSecurity`, `C_AddOns.GetAddOnTitle`, `C_AddOns.IsAddOnLoadable`, `C_AddOns.IsAddOnLoaded` |
+| [AddOns](docs/API.md#addons) | `C_AddOns.DoesAddOnExist`, `C_AddOns.GetAddOnLocalTable`, `C_AddOns.GetAddOnName`, `C_AddOns.GetAddOnNotes`, `C_AddOns.GetAddOnOptionalDependencies`, `C_AddOns.GetAddOnSecurity`, `C_AddOns.GetAddOnTitle`, `C_AddOns.IsAddOnLoadable`, `C_AddOns.IsAddOnLoaded` |
 | [AuctionHouse](docs/API.md#auctionhouse) | `C_AuctionHouse.PostItem` |
+| [AuraUtil](docs/API.md#aurautil) | `AuraUtil.FindAura`, `AuraUtil.FindAuraByName`, `AuraUtil.ForEachAura`, `AuraUtil.UnpackAuraData` |
+| [Bindings](docs/API.md#bindings) | `SetBindingSpell`, `SetBindingItem`, `SetBindingMacro`, `SetBindingClick`, `SetOverrideBinding`, `SetOverrideBindingSpell`, `SetOverrideBindingItem`, `SetOverrideBindingMacro`, `SetOverrideBindingClick`, `ClearOverrideBindings` |
 | [Chat](docs/API.md#chat) | `GetCurrentChatGUID` |
 | [ChatBubbles](docs/API.md#chatbubbles) | `C_ChatBubbles.GetAllChatBubbles` |
 | [Class](docs/API.md#class) | `FillLocalizedClassList` |
@@ -29,13 +60,14 @@ Full per-function reference: **[docs/API.md](docs/API.md)**.
 | [Cursor](docs/API.md#cursor) | `GetCursorInfo` |
 | [Container](docs/API.md#container) | `C_Container.CalculateTotalNumberOfFreeBagSlots`, `C_Container.GetContainerItemCharges`, `C_Container.GetContainerItemDurability`, `C_Container.GetContainerItemID`, `C_Container.GetContainerItemInfo`, `C_Container.GetContainerItemRepairCost`, `C_Container.GetContainerNumFreeSlots`, `C_Container.GetItemCooldown`, `C_Container.HasContainerItem`, `C_Container.IsContainerItemOpenable`, `C_Container.MoveItem`, `C_Container.PlayerHasHearthstone`, `C_Container.SwapItems`, `C_Container.UseHearthstone`, `GetItemCooldown` |
 | [Creature](docs/API.md#creature) | `C_CreatureInfo.GetCreatureID`, `C_CreatureInfo.GetCreatureInfoByID`, `C_CreatureInfo.RequestLoadCreatureByID`, `C_CreatureInfo.GetRaceInfo`, `C_CreatureInfo.GetClassInfo`, `C_CreatureInfo.GetCreatureFamilyInfo`, `C_CreatureInfo.GetCreatureFamilyIDs`, `C_CreatureInfo.GetFactionInfo`, `C_CreatureInfo.GetCreatureTypeInfo`, `C_CreatureInfo.GetCreatureTypeIDs` |
+| [Currency](docs/API.md#currency) | `GetCoinTextureString`, `C_CurrencyInfo.GetCoinTextureString` |
 | EncodingUtil | `C_EncodingUtil.CompressString`, `C_EncodingUtil.DecompressString`, `C_EncodingUtil.EncodeBase64`, `C_EncodingUtil.DecodeBase64`, `C_EncodingUtil.EncodeHex`, `C_EncodingUtil.DecodeHex`, `C_EncodingUtil.SerializeJSON`, `C_EncodingUtil.DeserializeJSON`, `C_EncodingUtil.SerializeCBOR`, `C_EncodingUtil.DeserializeCBOR` |
 | [EquipmentSet](docs/API.md#equipmentset) | `C_EquipmentSet.CanUseEquipmentSets`, `C_EquipmentSet.ClearIgnoredSlotsForSave`, `C_EquipmentSet.CreateEquipmentSet`, `C_EquipmentSet.DeleteEquipmentSet`, `C_EquipmentSet.EquipmentSetContainsLockedItems`, `C_EquipmentSet.GetEquipmentSetID`, `C_EquipmentSet.GetEquipmentSetIDs`, `C_EquipmentSet.GetEquipmentSetInfo`, `C_EquipmentSet.GetIgnoredSlots`, `C_EquipmentSet.GetItemIDs`, `C_EquipmentSet.GetItemLocations`, `C_EquipmentSet.GetNumEquipmentSets`, `C_EquipmentSet.IgnoreSlotForSave`, `C_EquipmentSet.IsSlotIgnoredForSave`, `C_EquipmentSet.ModifyEquipmentSet`, `C_EquipmentSet.SaveEquipmentSet`, `C_EquipmentSet.UnignoreSlotForSave`, `C_EquipmentSet.UseEquipmentSet` |
 | [Events](docs/API.md#events) | `C_EventUtils.IsEventValid`, `GetFramesRegisteredForEvent` |
 | [Expansion](docs/API.md#expansion) | `ClassicExpansionAtLeast`, `ClassicExpansionAtMost`, `GetClassicExpansionLevel` |
 | [Faction](docs/API.md#faction) | `C_Reputation.GetFactionDataByIndex`, `C_Reputation.GetFactionStandings`, `C_Reputation.GetLastStandingChange`, `C_Reputation.GetWatchedFactionData`, `C_Reputation.SetWatchedFactionByID`, `GetFactionIDByIndex`, `GetFactionInfoByID`, `GetFactionParentID` |
 | [Focus](docs/API.md#focus) | `ClearFocus`, `FocusUnit` |
-| [Frame](docs/API.md#frame) | `region:SetPoint("point")` (one-arg form), `region:SetSize`, `region:GetSize`, `region:IsMouseOver`, `region:GetRect`, `region:IsDragging`, `GetMouseFoci`, `frame:SetShown`, `frame:SetResizeBounds`, `frame:HookScript`, `frame:IsEventRegistered`, `frame:GetEffectiveAlpha`, `frame:SetAttribute`, `frame:SetAttributeNoHandler`, `frame:ClearAttribute`, `frame:GetAttribute`, `OnAttributeChanged` (script), `SetModernScriptArgs`, `GetModernScriptArgs` |
+| [Frame](docs/API.md#frame) | `region:SetPoint("point")` (one-arg form), `region:SetSize`, `region:GetSize`, `region:IsMouseOver`, `region:GetRect`, `region:IsDragging`, `GetMouseFoci`, `frame:SetShown`, `fontstring:GetStringHeight`, `fontstring:GetUnboundedStringWidth`, `fontstring:GetWrappedWidth`, `fontstring:GetNumLines`, `fontstring:GetLineHeight`, `fontstring:IsTruncated`, `fontstring:SetMaxLines`, `fontstring:GetMaxLines`, `fontstring:SetFormattedText`, `texture:SetRotation`, `texture:GetRotation`, `texture:SetVertexOffset`, `texture:GetVertexOffset`, `texture:SetColorTexture`, `texture:SetMask`, `frame:CreateMaskTexture`, `texture:AddMaskTexture`, `texture:RemoveMaskTexture`, `texture:GetNumMaskTextures`, `texture:GetMaskTexture`, `fontstring:SetRotation`, `fontstring:GetRotation`, `frame:SetResizeBounds`, `frame:HookScript`, `frame:IsEventRegistered`, `frame:GetEffectiveAlpha`, `frame:SetAttribute`, `frame:SetAttributeNoHandler`, `frame:ClearAttribute`, `frame:GetAttribute`, `OnAttributeChanged` (script), `SetModernScriptArgs`, `GetModernScriptArgs`, `SecureCmdOptionParse`, `RegisterStateDriver`, `UnregisterStateDriver`, `RegisterAttributeDriver`, `UnregisterAttributeDriver`, `RegisterUnitWatch`, `UnregisterUnitWatch`, `UnitWatchRegistered`, `SecureButton_GetAttribute`, `SecureButton_GetUnit` |
 | [FriendList](docs/API.md#friendlist) | `C_FriendList.GetFriendInfo`, `C_FriendList.GetFriendInfoByIndex`, `C_FriendList.GetNumFriends`, `C_FriendList.GetNumOnlineFriends`, `C_FriendList.GetNumWhoResults`, `C_FriendList.GetWhoInfo`, `C_FriendList.IsFriend`, `C_FriendList.IsIgnored`, `C_FriendList.IsIgnoredByGuid`, `C_FriendList.IsWhoQueryPending`, `C_FriendList.SendWhoQueryByName`, `C_FriendList.SetFriendNotes`, `C_FriendList.SetFriendNotesByIndex` |
 | [GameObject](docs/API.md#gameobject) | `C_GameObjectInfo.GetGameObjectInfoByID`, `C_GameObjectInfo.RequestLoadGameObjectByID`, `ClosestGameObjectPosition` |
 | [Glue](docs/API.md#glue) | `C_Glue.IsOnGlueScreen` |
@@ -48,7 +80,7 @@ Full per-function reference: **[docs/API.md](docs/API.md)**.
 | [Loot](docs/API.md#loot) | `C_Loot.GetNearbyLootableUnits`, `C_Loot.GetLastScanResults`, `C_Loot.IsScanInProgress`, `C_Loot.LootAllCorpses`, `C_Loot.LootUnit`, `C_Loot.LootUnitItem`, `C_Loot.ScanNearbyLoot` |
 | [LootHistory](docs/API.md#loothistory) | `C_LootHistory.GetNumItems`, `C_LootHistory.GetItem`, `C_LootHistory.GetPlayerInfo`, `C_LootHistory.Clear` |
 | [LossOfControl](docs/API.md#lossofcontrol) | `C_LossOfControl.GetActiveLossOfControlData`, `C_LossOfControl.GetActiveLossOfControlDataCount` |
-| [Lua](docs/API.md#lua) | `coroutine.create`, `coroutine.resume`, `coroutine.status`, `coroutine.wrap`, `coroutine.yield`, `CreateFromMixins`, `math.fmod`, `math.huge`, `math.modf`, `Mixin`, `select`, `string.gmatch`, `string.match`, `string.reverse`, `strjoin`, `strreplace`, `strrev`, `strsplit`, `strtrim`, `table.count`, `table.wipe` |
+| [Lua](docs/API.md#lua) | `collectgarbage` (5.1 options), `coroutine.create`, `coroutine.resume`, `coroutine.running`, `coroutine.status`, `coroutine.wrap`, `coroutine.yield`, `CreateFromMixins`, `math.fmod`, `math.huge`, `math.modf`, `Mixin`, `select`, `string.gmatch`, `string.gsub` (table replacement), `string.match`, `string.reverse`, `strjoin`, `strreplace`, `strrev`, `strsplit`, `strtrim`, `table.count`, `table.maxn`, `table.wipe`, `unpack` (range args) |
 | [Macros](docs/API.md#macros) | `C_Macro.CreateMacro`, `C_Macro.EditMacro`, `GetLooseMacroIcons`, `GetLooseMacroItemIcons`, `GetMacroIcons`, `GetMacroItemIcons`, `GetMacroSpell` |
 | [Mail](docs/API.md#mail) | `GetInboxItemLink`, `GetSendMailItemLink` |
 | [Map](docs/API.md#map) | `C_Map.GetAreaInfo`, `C_Map.GetAreas`, `C_Map.GetAreaTriggerInfo`, `C_Map.GetAreaTriggers`, `C_Map.GetBestMapForUnit`, `C_Map.GetMapAreaIDs`, `C_Map.GetMapOverlays`, `C_Map.GetMapWorldSize` |
@@ -70,12 +102,15 @@ Full per-function reference: **[docs/API.md](docs/API.md)**.
 | [Totem](docs/API.md#totem) | `GetTotemInfo`, `GetTotemTimeLeft`, `GetTotemDuration`, `TargetTotem` |
 | [TradeSkillUI](docs/API.md#tradeskillui) | `C_TradeSkillUI.GetTradeSkillListLink`, `C_TradeSkillUI.GetCraftListLink`, `C_TradeSkillUI.GetTradeSkillListRecipes` |
 | [UIColor](docs/API.md#uicolor) | `C_UIColor.GetColors` |
-| [Unit](docs/API.md#unit) | `ClosestUnitPosition`, `GetUnitSpeed`, `UnitClassBase`, `UnitCreatureFamilyID`, `UnitCreatureTypeID`, `UnitDistanceSquared`, `UnitGUID`, `UnitHealthMissing`, `UnitInLineOfSight`, `UnitInRange`, `UnitIsAFK`, `UnitIsDND`, `UnitIsFeignDeath`, `UnitIsInMyGuild`, `UnitIsMinion`, `UnitIsOtherPlayersPet`, `UnitIsPet`, `UnitIsPossessed`, `UnitOwnerGUID`, `UnitPosition`, `UnitPower`, `UnitPowerMax`, `UnitPowerMissing`, `UnitPowerType`, `UnitRaceBase`, `UnitSpellHaste`, `UnitStandState`, `UnitSubName`, `UnitTokenFromGUID` |
-| [UnitAuras](docs/API.md#unitauras) | `C_UnitAuras.GetAuraDataByIndex`, `C_UnitAuras.GetAuraDataBySpellName`, `C_UnitAuras.GetAuraDispelTypeColor`, `C_UnitAuras.GetBuffDataByIndex`, `C_UnitAuras.GetDebuffDataByIndex`, `C_UnitAuras.GetPlayerAuraBySpellID`, `C_UnitAuras.GetUnitAuraBySpellID`, `C_UnitAuras.GetUnitAuras`, `C_UnitAuras.RegisterAuraDurationModifierByTrigger`, `C_UnitAuras.RegisterComboDuration` |
+| [Unit](docs/API.md#unit) | `ClosestUnitPosition`, `GetUnitSpeed`, `UnitClassBase`, `UnitCreatureFamilyID`, `UnitCreatureID`, `UnitCreatureTypeID`, `UnitDistanceSquared`, `UnitGUID`, `UnitHealthMissing`, `UnitInLineOfSight`, `UnitInRange`, `UnitIsAFK`, `UnitIsDND`, `UnitIsFeignDeath`, `UnitIsInMyGuild`, `UnitIsMinion`, `UnitIsOtherPlayersPet`, `UnitIsPet`, `UnitIsPossessed`, `UnitOwnerGUID`, `UnitPosition`, `UnitPower`, `UnitPowerMax`, `UnitPowerMissing`, `UnitPowerType`, `UnitRaceBase`, `UnitSpellHaste`, `UnitSpellTargetName`, `UnitStandState`, `UnitSubName`, `UnitTokenFromGUID` |
+| [UnitAuras](docs/API.md#unitauras) | `C_UnitAuras.GetAuraDataByIndex`, `C_UnitAuras.GetAuraDataBySpellName`, `C_UnitAuras.GetAuraDispelTypeColor`, `C_UnitAuras.GetBuffDataByIndex`, `C_UnitAuras.GetDebuffDataByIndex`, `C_UnitAuras.GetPlayerAuraBySpellID`, `C_UnitAuras.GetUnitAuraBySpellID`, `C_UnitAuras.GetUnitAuras`, `C_UnitAuras.RegisterAuraDurationModifierByTrigger`, `C_UnitAuras.RegisterComboDuration`, `C_UnitAuras.UnitAura`, `C_UnitAuras.UnitBuff`, `C_UnitAuras.UnitDebuff` |
 | [VoiceChat](docs/API.md#voicechat) | `C_VoiceChat.GetTtsVoices`, `C_VoiceChat.GetRemoteTtsVoices`, `C_VoiceChat.SpeakText`, `C_VoiceChat.StopSpeakingText`, `C_TTSSettings.GetSpeechRate`, `C_TTSSettings.GetSpeechVolume`, `C_TTSSettings.GetSpeechVoiceID`, `C_TTSSettings.GetVoiceOptionName`, `C_TTSSettings.SetSpeechRate`, `C_TTSSettings.SetSpeechVolume`, `C_TTSSettings.SetVoiceOption`, `C_TTSSettings.SetVoiceOptionByName`, `C_TTSSettings.SetDefaultSettings`, `C_TTSSettings.RefreshVoices` |
 | [XMLUtil](docs/API.md#xmlutil) | `C_XMLUtil.DoesTemplateExist`, `C_XMLUtil.GetTemplateInfo`, `C_XMLUtil.GetTemplates` |
 
-### GlueXML calls
+</details>
+
+<details>
+<summary><b>GlueXML calls</b> — login / realm-select / character-select screens</summary>
 
 Registered on the **glue** Lua state (the engine that runs the login,
 realm-select, and character-select screens). The persistence entries
@@ -95,7 +130,10 @@ the glue state because GlueXML had no way to reach them otherwise.
 | Script | `RunScript` (compile and run a Lua chunk in the glue state's globals — useful for slash-command-style helpers in GlueXML) |
 | State | `IsLoggedIn` |
 
-### Macros
+</details>
+
+<details>
+<summary><b>Macros</b> — engine-level parsing extensions</summary>
 
 Engine-level extensions to macro parsing and dispatch — no new Lua
 functions, just behavior the stock 1.12 engine didn't have. See the
@@ -107,7 +145,10 @@ functions, just behavior the stock 1.12 engine didn't have. See the
 | `CastSpellByName("<spellID>")` | Same — numeric strings resolve through the engine's name resolver |
 | `CastSpellNoToggle("<name>")` in a macro | Engine's macro parser now recognizes it as a primary-spell line, so the macro slot in an addon like pfUI highlights when its spell is auto-repeating or its self-aura is active |
 
-### Console commands
+</details>
+
+<details>
+<summary><b>Console commands</b> — developer console (<code>-console</code>)</summary>
 
 Registered on the engine's developer console (the `~` console available
 when launching with `-console`), not as Lua functions. See the
@@ -119,7 +160,10 @@ when launching with `-console`), not as Lua functions. See the
 | `ExportInterfaceFiles art` | Extracts Blizzard's UI art (`.blp`/`.tga`) from the MPQs to `BlizzardInterfaceArt\` |
 | `ExportDBCFiles` | Extracts the client's `.dbc` tables from the MPQs to `DBFilesClient\` |
 
-### Events
+</details>
+
+<details>
+<summary><b>Events</b> — new events fired to addons</summary>
 
 | Event | Payload |
 |-------|---------|
@@ -175,7 +219,10 @@ when launching with `-console`), not as Lua functions. See the
 | `VOICE_CHAT_TTS_PLAYBACK_FAILED` | `status, utteranceID, destination` |
 | `VOICE_CHAT_TTS_VOICES_UPDATE` | *(none)* |
 
-### Globals
+</details>
+
+<details>
+<summary><b>Globals & enums</b></summary>
 
 | Group | Constants |
 |-------|-----------|
@@ -191,7 +238,10 @@ when launching with `-console`), not as Lua functions. See the
 | Spellbook bank | `Enum.SpellBookSpellBank.{Player,Pet}` (0–1) |
 | Spellbook item type | `Enum.SpellBookItemType.{None,Spell,FutureSpell,PetAction,Flyout}` (0–4; 1.12 only yields `Spell`/`PetAction`) |
 
-### Unit tokens
+</details>
+
+<details>
+<summary><b>Unit tokens</b> — <code>nameplateN</code>, <code>focus</code>, <code>markN</code></summary>
 
 | Token | Resolves to |
 |-------|-------------|
@@ -199,26 +249,34 @@ when launching with `-console`), not as Lua functions. See the
 | `focus` / `focustarget` | Sticky target set via [`FocusUnit`](docs/API.md#focusunitunit), cleared via [`ClearFocus`](docs/API.md#clearfocus). Same `UnitX` coverage as `nameplateN`. Fires [`PLAYER_FOCUS_CHANGED`](docs/API.md#player_focus_changed-event) on transition. See [Focus](docs/API.md#focus). |
 | `mark1`..`mark8` | Unit currently wearing the Nth raid-target marker (`mark1` = star … `mark8` = skull). Same `UnitX` coverage as `nameplateN`, and fires unit events (`UNIT_HEALTH`, `UNIT_AURA`, …) with `arg1 == "markN"`. `UnitExists("markN")` is `false` when the marker is unset, out of range, or on a non-unit. Suffix chains (`mark1target`) compose. See [Unit tokens (`markN`)](docs/API.md#unit-tokens-markn). |
 
-### Bindings
+</details>
 
-Injected into the engine's **Targeting Functions** group at FrameXML
-Bindings.xml load time, so they appear in the keybind UI alongside
-native targeting bindings instead of orphaned at the bottom.
+<details>
+<summary><b>Bindings</b> — direct-action and override binding families</summary>
+
+ClassicAPI backports the later-client direct-action and temporary override
+binding families. Permanent bindings use the standard `SPELL`, `ITEM`,
+`MACRO`, and `CLICK` command strings and can be saved normally. Overrides are
+session-only, frame-owned, and support the usual priority flag.
+
+See the [Bindings API reference](docs/API.md#bindings) for signatures,
+precedence, execution behavior, macro-text usage, and 1.12 compatibility
+notes.
+
+**Predefined focus bindings.** Injected into the engine's **Targeting
+Functions** group at FrameXML Bindings.xml load time, so they appear in the
+keybind UI alongside native targeting bindings instead of orphaned at the
+bottom.
 
 | Binding | Action |
 |---------|--------|
 | `FOCUSTARGET` | `FocusUnit("target")` — pin current target as focus |
 | `TARGETFOCUS` | `TargetUnit("focus")` — switch target to the focus |
 
-See [Focus / Bindings](docs/API.md#bindings-focustarget--targetfocus) for the implementation note.
+See [Predefined focus bindings](docs/API.md#predefined-focus-bindings-focustarget--targetfocus)
+for the implementation note.
 
-### Behaviors
-
-Transparent engine tweaks — no API to call, they just fix a vanilla limitation:
-
-| Tweak | Effect |
-|-------|--------|
-| Tooltip line cap | Lifts `GameTooltip`'s hard 30-line limit to 60 for every `GameTooltipTemplate` frame (`GameTooltip`, `ShoppingTooltip1/2`, `ItemRefTooltip`, AtlasLoot, …). Stat-heavy tooltips and comparison blocks (e.g. pfUI's eqcompare) no longer have their extra lines silently dropped. Done in pure C++ by growing the engine's FontString pool at tooltip-creation time. |
+</details>
 
 ## Installation
 

TODO.md

@@ -3815,3 +3815,42 @@ estimate. Anyone who wants vanilla threat should run an existing threat
 addon. ClassicAPI's only worthwhile contribution in this space is an
 unrelated precise-combat-log event feed — filed as its own thing, not as
 "threat".
+
+## 99. `C_AddOns.GetAddOnLocalTable(name)` — gate on loaded + opt-in TOC flag — DONE
+
+Shipped gated (branch `feat/lua-syntax-transpile`,
+[src/addons/LocalTable.cpp](src/addons/LocalTable.cpp)). Returns the addon's
+private namespace table **only** when BOTH hold, else `nil`:
+1. the addon `name` is **loaded** (`FUN_ADDON_IS_LOADED`, by-name), and
+2. its `.toc` declares `## AllowAddOnTableAccess: <nonzero>` (scanned via
+   `FUN_FILE_READ` on `Interface\AddOns\<name>\<name>.toc`, read as a TOC
+   boolean flag; approach (a) from the notes below — no parser hook).
+
+The two paths stay separate, as required:
+- **Internal** `__addonns` (the `local name, ns = ...` preamble) stays
+  **ungated** — an addon always gets its own namespace. Still in
+  `luasyntax/Transpile.cpp`.
+- **Public** `C_AddOns.GetAddOnLocalTable` carries the gate, in
+  `addons/LocalTable.cpp`.
+
+Both resolve to the SAME table per addon via `LuaSyntax::PushAddonNamespace`
+(the one owner of the registry-backed name→table map, exposed by
+[src/luasyntax/AddonNamespace.h](src/luasyntax/AddonNamespace.h)) — so an addon
+reads back exactly what it (or its files' `...`) stored.
+
+Directive spelling + function name verified present in the 1.15.8 Classic Era
+binary (`AllowAddOnTableAccess:` TOC key, `GetAddOnLocalTable`).
+
+Deliberate scope choices (revisit only if an addon needs otherwise):
+- **Name (string) input only.** A numeric index returns `nil` — cross-addon
+  table access is by name, and the map is name-keyed. Every other `C_AddOns.*`
+  wrapper accepts name-or-index; this one does not.
+- **`nil` on denial, not a Lua error.** Matches the project's modern-API
+  convention (nil over `lua_error`). Retail may raise instead; switch the
+  denial branches to `Game::Lua::Error` if strict parity is wanted.
+- **No per-name cache** on the TOC scan — GetAddOnLocalTable is not a hot path.
+
+Not shipped by default: no addon opts in yet. The embedded `!!!ClassicAPI`
+addon could add `## AllowAddOnTableAccess: 1` to its `.toc` to expose its own
+namespace as a worked example, but that's a product/security decision left to
+the maintainer.

docs/InlineTextureEscapes.md

@@ -0,0 +1,778 @@
+# Backporting inline `|T…|t` texture escape sequences to 1.12
+
+The 1.12 text engine shows `|Tpath:height:width:…|t` markup as literal text.
+This project makes it draw the icon inline in FontStrings, chat, and tooltips —
+the way 4.3.4 and later clients do. The feature is complete and shipped
+([src/text/InlineTexture.cpp](../src/text/InlineTexture.cpp),
+[src/text/InlineTexturePool.cpp](../src/text/InlineTexturePool.cpp)).
+
+This file is the reverse-engineering map. **Current design** below states what
+ships today. Everything from **Goal & spec** down is the historical RE trail —
+the 4.3.4 study, the 1.12 injection map, and the bring-up plan. It is kept for
+the addresses and the reasoning, not as a description of the current code.
+
+## Current design (shipped)
+
+Each icon renders as an **engine-managed region** (a pooled `CSimpleTexture`)
+anchored to its owning FontString. The engine draws the region every frame and
+moves it with its line, so texture residency and scroll tracking are correct by
+construction. (A raw-GxU-quad renderer existed during bring-up and was removed
+in `56c2670`; its RE is the "REMOVED" section below.)
+
+The DLL hooks the engine's own text pipeline — no companion addon:
+
+- **Positioning** — a co-hook on the glyph emitter `FUN_005ccbe0` records each
+  icon at its pen position and delegates the plain text runs to the engine
+  (segmented delegation, below). The pen read-back needed a fix: the engine's
+  pen is lazy and omits the last glyph's own advance, so a coin sat on its
+  digits; the emitter now adds the true terminal advance from the engine's own
+  glyph-advance helpers (`550cf5e`).
+- **Rendering** — the paint-pass co-hook `FUN_005c8fe0` walks the icon records
+  and queues each to `Text::InlineTexturePool`, which places the region on the
+  next frame tick (never mid-render).
+- **Chat has no one-frame lag** — a ScrollingMessageFrame re-`SetText`s every
+  visible line on each new message, and the engine builds each line lazily at
+  paint, so a line's icons would land one frame after its glyphs (glyphs draw
+  synchronously; the icon regions are separate objects whose placement is only
+  known once the line builds mid-paint, after the frame's texture pass already
+  drew). A co-hook on the SMF display refresh (`FUN_00788750`, which runs
+  pre-render from the frame's own methods) forces each icon-bearing line to
+  resolve+build and applies its icon placement synchronously — before the frame
+  draws — so icons move in lockstep with their text. It reuses the engine's own
+  `Realize(0)` → `RebuildString` → ensure-built path and the same placement math
+  the paint flush uses (`ComputePlacementsForNode`), so the later flush dedups to
+  a no-op. Additive and best-effort: any line whose rect isn't resolvable in time
+  falls back to the paint + tick pipeline (correct, one-frame lagged). A pure
+  scroll or drag never lagged — the icons are anchored to the line and the engine
+  moves them for free; only content changes on a reused line needed this.
+- **Placement coordinates** — text pen space IS render-target pixels. The
+  engine stores node positions NORMALIZED (fs-local anchor ÷
+  `[0x832A44]`/`[0x832A48]` per axis, `FUN_0041ade0`), and the origin finalize
+  `FUN_005cdf70` multiplies by the integer raster dimensions
+  `[0xC2B9A4]`/`[0xC2B9A0]` (rounded, with the justify shift and vertical
+  align folded in). So the flush converts pen → fs-relative anchor with
+  `K = raster ÷ anchorExtent`, **per axis**, from those four live globals — no
+  calibration, no cache, correct at every resolution and UI scale (`968335d`).
+  Two earlier forms both failed: an empirical K (`origin ÷ rect edge`) that
+  chat could never self-derive (its rect edge sits near screen x = 0 and
+  failed the divide guard) and so rode a global cache seeded by whichever
+  fontstring derived first — right only at the layout it was calibrated on;
+  then a closed form built from the SetPoint px factor, which used the wrong
+  global pair. Full derivation chain at `VAR_TEXT_RASTER_X/Y` in `Offsets.h`.
+- **Fade / parent alpha** — icons fade with their line (the pool mirrors the
+  fs's folded colour alpha per frame, `3ca3b7e`), and segmented GLYPHS do too:
+  a bit-3 (standalone FontString) node's baked per-glyph colours never re-bake
+  on an alpha change (the engine's colour-change invalidate `FUN_005ccb40`
+  skips bit-3 nodes), so the flush mirrors the node's live alpha byte
+  (node+0x2c — SetTextColor alpha × frame-chain alpha, kept folded by the
+  engine) into every baked colour, change-detected per page (`bd14a93`). An
+  earlier `0xFF` alpha force at emit was a misdiagnosis of a bubble that built
+  while faded out; it froze icon-line text fully opaque while everything
+  around it faded.
+- **Outlined fonts** — outline ink extends past the glyph advances; the
+  engine itself grows line height by exactly 4.0 / 2.0 pen px for thick / thin
+  outline (`face+0x180` bits 3 / 0, `.rdata` constants). `OutlineInkPen` reads
+  the same flags and constants, and half the ink leads each icon, half trails
+  — threaded through the shared advance helper so the emitter advance, the
+  justify pre-shift, and the wrap-stepper probes all agree. Without it, coins
+  clipped into outlined digits the moment the exact K removed the old
+  miscalibration's accidental slack (`968335d`).
+- **Measure** — three cold FontString-level co-hooks make measure match the
+  drawn result: width (`FUN_00772890`), height (`FUN_007729B0`), and wrap
+  (`FUN_005C7260`). `GetStringWidth`, `fontstring:GetStringHeight`, wrap
+  breaks, and line height all count the icon.
+- **Tall icons** — an icon taller than the font grows its line height, so it
+  does not overlap its neighbors, and it centers in the grown line. A hyperlink
+  that contains a tall icon is hoverable across the whole icon
+  (`49934b0`, `b9d0705`).
+- **Chat fade** — icons fade in lockstep with their chat line (`3ca3b7e`).
+- **Editboxes** — an editbox keeps the raw markup, so the caret stays aligned
+  (two complementary signals, below).
+- **Payload** — the full
+  `|Tpath:height:width:offsetX:offsetY:texW:texH:left:right:top:bottom:r:g:b|t`:
+  size, pen offset, sprite-sheet crop, and vertex tint. BLP and uncompressed
+  TGA.
+- **Anti-spoof** — chat strips player-injected `|T` icons.
+
+Every fs-level measure path now counts icons: width (`FUN_00772890`), height
+(`FUN_007729B0`), wrap (`FUN_005C7260`), and the substring measure
+(`FUN_00772AE0` — an earlier note claimed nothing consumed it; its xrefs
+refute that: the GameTooltip auto-size measures each WRAPPED SEGMENT of a
+wrap-enabled line through it, so icon-bearing wrapped tooltip lines
+undersized their tooltip until it was hooked too). The Lua control surface is
+two toggles: `_classicapi_InlineTexEnable` (the whole-feature kill switch; the
+SEH latch trips it on a flush fault) and `_classicapi_InlineTexEarly` (the
+SMF-refresh early apply above — on by default, toggle off to A/B the chat lag
+against the baseline paint+tick pipeline, which keeps running either way). The
+bring-up tune / stat / probe functions were removed (`5e5677b`, `6800a9a`).
+
+## REMOVED (bring-up record) — the raw-GxU-quad rendering primitive
+
+This was the FIRST renderer: each icon drawn as a raw textured quad through the
+text VB path. It shipped, then was removed in `56c2670` for the engine-region
+model (regions are resident by construction; the quad path needed the texture-
+residency machinery below and still flickered on VRAM pressure — see
+`docs/InlineTextureResidency.md`). This section is the address record for the
+removed code, not a description of the current renderer. `LoadTextureByPath`,
+`DrawTexturedQuad`, and the GxU device offsets it names are gone from
+`Offsets.h`; the values live here and in git history.
+
+An arbitrary texture draws through the text VB path as a coloured, alpha-blended
+quad. The end-to-end recipe:
+
+1. **Load by path** — `LoadTextureByPath` replicates `FUN_00770200`'s load: build
+   flags via `FUN_0058a980(&flags, DAT_00878cf0, 0,0, 0,0,0, 1, 0)`, then
+   `FUN_00449d90(path, &desc, flags, 0, 1)` with a byte-identical 5-dword desc
+   (`{PTR_FUN_007ffa10, 8, &self8, (&self8)|1, 0}`). Returns the **HTEXTURE**
+   (0x15c-byte struct; path@+0xc, flags@+0x110, refcount@+4).
+2. **THE KEY — residency + correct bind via `FUN_0044acf0(HTEXTURE, 1, 0)`.**
+   This is the engine's own "get renderable texture" call (what the widget
+   render uses every frame). It returns the bindable **CGxTexture** at
+   `[HTEXTURE+0x140]` and, with force=1, drives the streaming load
+   (`FUN_0044ad50` submits/prioritises it via `[HTEXTURE+0x138]`). **Calling it
+   every frame is the live reference that makes the texture resident** — no
+   hidden widget, no manual BLP decode. This was the entire multi-session
+   blocker: WoW streams textures and only loads ones a live frame references; a
+   standalone `FUN_00449d90` texture never loads on its own. Binding the raw
+   HTEXTURE is `SetTexture([HTEXTURE+0x48]=0)` = a **white** quad; the D3D
+   handle lives on the CGxTexture (`[CGxTexture+0x48]`), not the HTEXTURE.
+   Dead ends that wasted time: manually invoking the decode callback
+   `FUN_0044a260` (fills `[+0x120]` but not the bindable `+0x140`, and faults);
+   binding `[HTEXTURE+0x48]` or `[HTEXTURE+0x120]` (both wrong offsets); forcing
+   the streamable flag `tex[0x3c]|=0x80` (crashes in d3d9 — the bind's stream-in
+   vfunc corrupts the resource).
+3. **Bind** — `FUN_00589e80(0x17, cgxTex)` (selector 0x17 = text texture stage).
+4. **Colour** — the font stage's default stage-0 COLOROP is already MODULATE, so
+   `texture.rgb × diffuse(white)` = the icon's true colours; texture alpha works
+   too. No colorop override is needed for a plain white vertex. (If a tint is
+   wanted later: COLOROP is D3DTSS internal state `0x42` via `FUN_005a2570`; the
+   engine leaves COLORARG1 at the D3D default = TEXTURE. Do NOT poke it directly
+   mid-draw — it leaks `MODULATE` to the whole UI when a fault skips the restore.
+   Use the engine's selector `0x1f` (value→COLOROP/ALPHAOP preset table at
+   `DAT_0080a25c`/`DAT_0080a274`; value 1 = MODULATE/MODULATE).)
+5. **Quad** — lock the shared dynamic VB `FUN_0058a140(0, 0x18, 0x800)`, get the
+   write ptr `FUN_0058a080`, write **4 verts** of the format
+   `{float x,y,z; u32 colorBGRA; float u,v}` (stride 0x18) in corner order
+   **TL, TR, BL, BR** (matches the shared quad index buffer `{0,1,2, 2,1,3}` and
+   the device cull winding), submit `FUN_005c8f40(&handle, 4)`, unlock
+   `FUN_0058a0a0(handle, 0)`.
+6. **Where** — co-hook the text paint pass `FUN_005c8fe0` and draw after the
+   original glyph flush (device is in the correct textured-UI state there).
+   Coordinate space is **per-layout pixels, y-down**; glyph verts live at small
+   local coords (a probed glyph was at ~(9,33)–(17,50)). Draw coords must be
+   within the layout's rendered area (a fixed (100,100) test lands in chat).
+
+The build-side gotcha: the D3D device (default backend, `FUN_0058dd70`) is
+actually **OpenGL** (`glMaterialfv`/`glFogi`) — the D3D backend is `FUN_0058ba70`
+(`FUN_00598ce0`, vtable `PTR_FUN_00809ef8`); its state applier is `vtable[1]` =
+`FUN_005a2f00`, which maps engine selectors to D3D via `FUN_005a2570`
+(SetRenderState `+0xe4`, SetTextureStageState `+0x10c`, SetSamplerState `+0x114`,
+SetTexture `+0x104`). Selector map (shared across GL/D3D backends): 7=blend,
+0x10=depthtest, 0x14=cullface, 0x17-0x1e=texture bind (8 units),
+0x1f-0x26=colorop/alphaop preset (unit 0-7).
+
+## SOLVED — positioning, measure/wrap, editbox exclusion, texcoords
+
+The primitive draws at arbitrary coords; the rest is knowing WHERE and WHEN.
+Everything is in [src/text/InlineTexture.cpp](../src/text/InlineTexture.cpp);
+offsets under the "Inline texture escape" + positioning blocks in
+[Offsets.h](../src/Offsets.h).
+
+### The text render hierarchy (verified)
+
+```
+frame → renderNode [frame+0x118] → group [renderNode+0x18]
+      → node [group+0x18]        → line [node+0x24]  ← the emitter's `this`
+```
+
+- Main UI render `FUN_007657d0(DAT_00cf0bd8)` walks strata → frames, calls
+  `FUN_0076fb00(renderNode)` per frame's render node.
+- `FUN_0076fb00` draws the frame's Texture regions then `FUN_005c1ef0(group)` →
+  `FUN_005c8b70(group)` → `FUN_005c8fe0(node)` per node.
+- `FUN_005c8fe0(node)` = the **paint pass** we co-hook: ensures each line built
+  (`FUN_005cd6a0` → `FUN_005cdc20` → the emitter), then binds each font page and
+  copies the line's per-page glyph batches into the dynamic VB, translated by the
+  line origin `[line+0x70]/[+0x74]`.
+- The **emitter** `FUN_005ccbe0(line, text, len, colorState, penXYZ, pageMask,
+  linkState)` builds one wrapped line's glyph quads. `this` (the "line"/node the
+  icon list keys on) owns batches `[+0xa0+page*4]` and origin `[+0x70]`. **Note
+  the render node the emitter sees has NO back-pointer up to the frame** — the
+  editbox discriminator had to be found another way (see below).
+
+### Positioning — segmented delegation (co-hook the emitter)
+
+We do NOT reimplement the emitter's intricate glyph vertex math. Instead, in the
+`FUN_005ccbe0` co-hook, for a line containing an inline texture:
+
+1. Split the line at icon boundaries. Render each **plain run** by calling the
+   ORIGINAL emitter on just that substring — the engine still draws every glyph.
+2. Thread the pen across runs: on return the emitter leaves the final node-local
+   pen x in **`linkState[4]`**, stored with `FSTP dword` — a **FLOAT bit
+   pattern**, not an int. Read it as a float (`*(float*)&linkState[4]`); an
+   int-cast yields garbage (this bug hid the icon off-screen and dropped the
+   trailing text).
+3. Record an `IconRecord` at the pen (node-local `x`,`y`) into `g_nodeIcons[line]`
+   and advance the pen by the icon width. No draw runs during the build — icons
+   are recorded and **flushed** in the `FUN_005c8fe0` paint co-hook, which
+   computes each icon's pen-space position (line origin `[line+0x70]/[+0x74]`
+   maps node-local → pen, the same translate the glyph copy `FUN_005c8710`
+   applies), converts pen → anchor with the per-axis K (see **Placement
+   coordinates** in Current design), and queues it to `Text::InlineTexturePool`
+   as a placement RELATIVE TO THE OWNING FONTSTRING. The pool applies
+   placements on the next frame tick.
+4. Restore `penXYZ[0]` on exit (the original never writes it; the draw builder
+   does NOT reset it between left-justified lines, so leaving it mutated
+   cascade-shifts every following line).
+
+### FontString pipe-doubling — the escape arrives as `||T…||t`
+
+The FontString text sanitizer **doubles any pipe that doesn't begin a recognized
+escape** so it renders as a literal `|`. 1.12 doesn't know `|T`, so a caller's
+`|Tpath:h|t` reaches the emitter as `||Tpath:h||t` (verified: emitter text length
++2, pipes doubled). The detector therefore matches BOTH the doubled form (the
+real-world case) and a clean `|T` (should one ever arrive undoubled). Normal
+doubled pipes (`|| `) never match because the next char must be `T`.
+
+### bit-3 batch-clear mode
+
+The emitter clears the line's page batches at its top only when node flag
+`[line+0x5c] & 0x08` is set (the FontString/static case). Calling the original
+per segment would then wipe all but the last run. Handled by doing the clear
+ONCE per build (a `len==0` original call with bit 3 still set), then clearing
+bit 3 so the per-segment calls APPEND, restoring flags on exit. Bit 5 (shadow)
+isn't set for these nodes, so the only added work is a harmless colour append.
+
+Clearing bit 3 has one more consequence: it switches the engine from the
+UNIFORM colour path (node+0x2c, consulted live at every paint) to baked
+PER-GLYPH colours the paint uses verbatim. The build-time alpha in colorState
+is already correct (the engine folds SetTextColor alpha × frame-chain alpha
+into node+0x2c on every alpha change), but the baked copies never refresh —
+the flush's alpha mirror keeps them tracking later fades. See **Fade / parent
+alpha** in Current design.
+
+### Multi-line / multi-icon accumulation
+
+The draw builder walks a node's wrapped lines by calling the emitter repeatedly
+on the SAME node, advancing the text pointer. So the icon list is cleared ONCE
+per build — on the first wrapped line, detected by `text == [node+0x48]` (the
+node's text start) — and icons ACCUMULATE across lines. Multiple icons per line
+fall out of the segmentation loop naturally.
+
+### Vertical centring — font-relative
+
+`penXYZ[1]` sits near the text TOP, so the icon centre = `penY + fontHeight *
+g_centerFrac` (0.6, calibrated in-game across chat + pfUI's bubble). Font height
+comes from the engine's own `FUN_005c6fa0(flag, [node+0x1c])` (the emitter's
+glyph-sizing call), so centring holds across font sizes without a fixed pixel
+nudge. A TALL icon (height > font) centres in its GROWN line (see the tall-icon
+sections in Current design) — the string-height co-hook adds the overflow, so
+the extra room sits half above and half below the text.
+
+### Measure / wrap — co-hook the tokenizer
+
+Line wrap is decided by the measure/fit functions (`FUN_005c6940`, `FUN_005c7470`
+via `FUN_005c7260`), which all share the `|`-tokenizer `FUN_005c2810`. Left
+alone, they count the hidden path text and wrap early. Fix: co-hook the
+tokenizer — when it's at an inline-texture span, consume the whole span as ONE
+near-zero-width token so every measure/fit caller ignores the path characters.
+The emitter detects icons independently (it scans the raw bytes), so the draw
+path is unaffected.
+
+### Measure width: FIXED at the fs-level choke (`GetStringWidth` counts icons)
+
+The tokenizer reports an icon span as a **near-zero-width** token, so at the
+gxu loop level every measure caller counts the icon as ~0 pixels wide. (The
+emitter still reserves the render width, so text after an icon positions
+correctly.) An earlier version of this doc concluded that the gap could not
+be closed cleanly, because the gxu engine has **no single cold choke**:
+
+- `FUN_005c6940` (width), `FUN_005c7470`/`FUN_005c7260` (wrap), and the
+  hit-test loop each tokenize and accrue width independently.
+- The token contract has no width field.
+- The per-glyph helpers (`FUN_005cabd0`/`FUN_005c6b70`) are the hottest text
+  functions in the engine.
+
+That analysis was right about the gxu level. The choke sits ONE LEVEL UP:
+**`FUN_00772890` = `CSimpleFontString::GetStringWidthInternal`**
+(`Offsets::FUN_FONTSTRING_STRING_WIDTH`) is cold, MinHook-safe, and the single
+funnel for exactly 4 callers:
+
+- `Script_GetStringWidth` (0x0079E510)
+- the GameTooltip auto-size (0x00530640)
+- the editbox caret positioner (0x0077DE70)
+- the layout effective-width vmethod (`FUN_00772930` = fs+0x24 vtbl +0x1C,
+  which feeds auto-width fontstring layout)
+
+It lazily computes into the `fs+0xFC` cache (anchor units, 0.0 sentinel) via
+the measure core `FUN_0044D670`, then divides the pen-space result by
+`fs+0x7C`.
+
+The co-hook lives in `src/text/InlineTexture.cpp`. It calls the original,
+then adds `SumIconAdvances(text) / K` when two gates pass:
+
+- `InlineInterceptActive(text)` is true — the **same predicate** the tokenizer
+  hook stands down on, factored into one function so measure and render can
+  never disagree.
+- The fs is not an editbox: `fs+0x120 & 0x1000` is clear (the fs-level bit
+  `FUN_0044D670` translates into the gxu editbox flag 0x40).
+
+The icon sum is computed in TRUE PEN PX — the exact numbers the emitter
+reserves — and bridged into the getter's return space by the font height
+known in both spaces: `sumPen × (fontHInt / fontHPen)`. `ResolveFsPenFont`
+replicates the render chain: `fontHPen = round((fontHInt × fs+0x7C, floored
+at [0x801628]/rasterY) × rasterY)` (the rebuild's node fontSize + the node
+ctor's min clamp + the emitter's own height helper), and the outline ink
+resolves through `face = [[fs+0xE0]+0x20]` — the same object the node stores
+at +0x44. fs-built nodes are always in snap mode (no fs-flag maps to node
+bit 7), so the snap-truncated advances are exact. The per-icon advance comes
+from `IconAdvancePen`, the **same helper** the emitter reserves with — so the
+measured width matches the rendered width by construction, outline ink and
+pixel snapping included. (An earlier bridge used the SetPoint push factor
+`div×1024/mul ≈ 1468` as the intermediate — the units cancelled for `:0`
+icons, but it couldn't express the truncation or the ink.)
+
+Unit trap (hit on first flight): escape sizes are UI PIXELS. Do NOT divide
+the icon sum by `fs+0x7C` — that field is the layout UI *scale* (~0.68–1.0).
+The original's own `out / fs+0x7C` applies to a value the measure core
+already ran through the `FUN_0041AD80` gxu→internal converter, not to raw
+pixels. The `/0x7C` version measured a 16px icon as +44k px.
+
+The hook NEVER writes the `fs+0xFC` cache: the original can serve the cached
+value, so the icon sum is re-derived and re-added per call (idempotent).
+
+The same hook also fixes two layout consumers for free: tooltips auto-size
+wide enough for icon-bearing lines, and auto-width fontstrings lay out at
+their true rendered width.
+
+### Wrap: FIXED at the shared stepper (`FUN_TEXT_WRAP_STEPPER` = 0x005C7260)
+
+Wrap decisions also measured icons as ~0, so a chat line with prefix icons
+broke as if the icons were not there and the emitter's real advances ran past
+the right edge. The choke is the wrap-stepper dispatcher `FUN_005C7260`: it
+lays out one wrapped line per call, and its exactly 4 callers are EVERY wrap
+consumer — the draw builder `FUN_005CDC20` (render breaks), the height
+measure `FUN_005C2070`, the chars-that-fit counter `FUN_005C21C0` (ellipsis),
+and the break-array computer `FUN_005C2430` (behind `FUN_00772B60`).
+
+The co-hook shrinks the `wrapWidth` argument by a **minimal feasible
+shrink**, gated on the same `InlineInterceptActive` predicate plus the flags
+editbox bit 0x40 the dispatcher already carries. The stepper reports each
+probe's measured (icons-at-zero) line width in `outWidth`, which gives a
+direct feasibility check: the line renders inside the frame iff its icons
+fit in the shrink plus the spare the break left (`iconSum ≤ s + (probeW −
+outWidth)`). The hook probes sandboxed (local out-params plus a COPY of the
+`p10` in/out state byte, so the caller's first-line state is not consumed):
+s = 0 first (feasible → no shrink at all — the common short-message case),
+escalate by the measured deficit when infeasible, bisect down after the
+first feasible hit; ≤8 probes, and with no feasible hit the last escalation
+target wins (wraps early rather than overflowing). The feasibility check
+carries a HALF-GLYPH tolerance: an auto-width fontstring (single anchor, no
+width — e.g. pfUI's addon-list labels) wraps at the icon-inclusive string
+width our GetStringWidth hook feeds the effective-width vmethod, so its line
+fits with exactly zero slack, and cross-computation drift between the two
+hooks' unit chains (plus OUTLINE extras and the trailing-glyph quirk) read
+"fits exactly" as "1px over" — shrinking a zero-slack line forces a wrap
+that had no business existing. Genuine icon overflow is ≥ a full icon, so
+half a glyph separates drift from real overflow. `outBreak` and
+`outNext − text` are byte counts; `outBreak == len` means the whole text
+fit. Two rejected earlier schemes, for the record: a naive whole-remaining-
+text sum shredded an 8-icon line to one word per line, and a fixed-point
+iteration on the icon count oscillated (a ~55-byte zero-width escape makes
+the break↔icon-count coupling discontinuous — no fixed point exists).
+`text` always points at the REMAINING text, so a continuation line whose
+icons are behind it gets sum = 0. Because all four consumers share the hook,
+render breaks, `GetStringHeight`, truncation, and break arrays shift
+together. (A `_classicapi_InlineTexWrap(n)` ring dumped the last 8
+icon-bearing calls during bring-up; removed with the other diagnostics in
+`5e5677b`.)
+
+Unit trap #2 (hit TWICE): the stepper's inputs are gxu-normalized, PER AXIS —
+fontH is normalized-Y (× rasterY = pen px) and wrapWidth/outWidth are
+normalized-X (× rasterX = pen px). Both caller flavors land there: the draw
+builder passes node+0x1C/+0x3C (normalized at block creation), and the
+fs-level callers (the path chat wraps through) x-normalize their widths
+inside `FUN_0044d670` before gxu. First flight subtracted raw pixels and
+annihilated the small normalized widths (2-glyph chat fragments). The second
+converted with `fontH / fontHPx` — a Y-AXIS factor applied to an X-axis
+width — overshrinking the budget by the render aspect (×1.33 at 4:3, ×2.37
+at 2560×1080): icon-bearing chat lines wrapped a word or two early, worse per
+icon and per aspect. The correct pen-x → width-units factor is `1/rasterX`,
+and the glyph-relative tolerances use `fontHPx/rasterX` so "half a glyph"
+means an actual glyph width.
+
+**Chat hyperlink hover over inline icons works (verified).** An emote wrapped in a
+hyperlink — `|Htel:name|h|T…|t|h`, the TwitchEmotes pattern — pops its tooltip when
+you hover the *icon*, not just adjacent text. The hover region is NOT re-measured
+on hover: the engine records each hyperlink's screen rect at layout time into a
+`GXUFONTHYPERLINKINFO` array (32-byte entries: rect + link data) via `FUN_005cd310`,
+called from the draw builder `FUN_005cdc20` — the same layout pass that runs the
+line through our co-hooked tokenizer (`FUN_005c2810`) and wrap-stepper
+(`FUN_005c7260`). So the recorded rect rides the same icon-aware position
+accounting the wrap fix installs; the icon lands inside the hover region for free,
+and hovering it fires the frame's `OnHyperlinkEnter`. This is a consequence of the
+wrap fix, not a separate feature. (Ghidra caveat: the decompile of the
+`FUN_005cd310` call args is mangled — a pointer-as-float + an uninitialized temp —
+so this is confirmed by the call path plus in-game test, not the byte-level
+formula.)
+
+**Still icon-blind (accepted residuals):**
+
+- Sub-pixel only for a string-final icon: the width hooks report its INK edge
+  (advance minus the trail half-pad/ink — `TrailingIconTrimPen`), matching the
+  engine's own last-glyph convention (the gxu width loop ends on ink, not
+  advance — the source of the old −0.8px measurement, whose previous-glyph
+  advance treatment is semantically CORRECT once an icon renders after it).
+  What remains is the icon region's ±0.5px placement rounding and the base
+  loop's ~0 contribution for the payload-0 icon token.
+- An fs whose `fs+0xFC` cache was filled while the feature was toggled
+  differently (`_classicapi_InlineTexEnable`) keeps its old base width until
+  the next `SetText`/font change re-dirties it. Debug-toggle-only.
+
+**Editbox measure stays raw (by design).** The caret/measure path reads the
+focused editbox's INPUT buffer in place, and the tokenizer stands down on it
+per-editbox (`TextInFocusedEditbox` pointer-range test — not a global focus
+check), so caret math measures the raw `|T…|t` literal the editbox renders.
+The width hook mirrors that with the `fs+0x120 & 0x1000` editable gate. One
+marginal wobble: the focused single-line chat editbox's display fontstring
+carries editable=0 (only multi-line editors set the bit), so the caret
+positioner's line-boundary branch (multi-line-only in practice) can see an
+icon-adjusted `FUN_00772890` on it. Closing that costs a per-token content
+compare, which is not worth it.
+
+### Editbox exclusion — two COMPLEMENTARY signals (bit 6 + focus global)
+
+Editable text must show raw, editable `|T…|t` markup, not rendered icons — you
+edit macros, tweak icon fields, copy/paste texture strings. **This is
+retail-correct, verified in-game on a modern client:** typing
+`|TInterface\Icons\INV_Misc_Coin_01:16|t` into the chat entry box OR a macro body
+shows it **raw** (no icon) — Blizzard neutralizes player-*typed* escape sequences
+as anti-abuse — while addon/system text (`AddMessage`, `GetCoinTextureString`)
+renders. Retail's discriminator is the text's SOURCE (trusted vs player-typed),
+not editbox-vs-display; a shift-clicked item link renders in the chat box because
+it's inserted through the trusted path, but a typed `|T`/`|c` does not. Our
+editbox-raw + display-renders split reproduces the same observable outcome. (One
+mechanism-level divergence we accept: our editbox-raw uses the GLOBAL focus signal
+below, so while an editbox is focused OTHER display text that rebuilds also
+briefly shows raw; retail suppresses per-source. Cosmetic, and a per-editbox fix
+would need hot-path text-buffer matching — not worth it.) 1.12's tokenizer,
+unlike 4.3.4's, has no per-render texture-disable bit (4.3.4 uses tokenizer flag
+**0x1000** to kill only `|T`, **0x800** to kill all escapes), and editbox text
+nodes are NOT distinguishable by class from the render node — the emitter can't
+reach the owning frame. It takes **two signals together**, not one (an earlier
+version of this note wrongly called the focus global a redundant "belt-and-
+suspenders fallback" — removing it renders the chat/copy boxes' `|T` as icons):
+
+- **Node flag `[node+0x5c]` bit 6 (0x40) = EDITABLE** — catches the **macro
+  editor** (`MacroFrameText`, flags `0x4D`), which builds its layout once,
+  **un-focused**, so the focus global never sees it. But single-line inputs
+  (chat entry box, `pfChatCopyBox`) have bit 6 **CLEAR** — their nodes are
+  `0x0D`/`0x20D`, identical to display FontStrings — so bit 6 can't catch them.
+- **Focused-editbox global `DAT_00cf4dc8`** (`InputFocused()`; holds the editbox
+  with keyboard focus, cleared by `ClearFocus` = `FUN_0077e410`) — catches those
+  single-line inputs. It's GLOBAL (true UI-wide, not per-node), which is why,
+  while an editbox is focused, other display text that *rebuilds* also briefly
+  renders raw. That's an accepted tradeoff: there is no per-node signal for
+  single-line inputs, and when you're in an editbox seeing raw markup is what you
+  want anyway.
+
+**Why the tokenizer's bit-6 gate is load-bearing for RENDER, not just measure:**
+when the emitter suppresses an editbox it delegates to the ORIGINAL emitter,
+which **re-enters the tokenizer** to lay out glyphs (`FUN_005ccbe0` →
+`FUN_005c2810`). On that render path `flags` is the node's own flags, so bit
+0x40 makes the tokenizer stand down and the `|T` draws as literal text. Drop the
+bit-6 gate and the (un-focused) macro editor draws **BLANK** — the tokenizer eats
+the span as a zero-width token and the original emitter renders nothing (verified
+in-game). Focused single-line inputs get the same "don't intercept" via
+`Suppressed()` → `InputFocused()`. So both the emitter and the tokenizer consult
+`Suppressed() || bit-6`; the two must agree or you get blank-vs-raw mismatches.
+
+(Dead end: **monochrome render flag `DAT_00c2b9dc`** (`FUN_005c8b70` sets it per
+group) — un-set at MacroFrameText's build time and flickered as a flush gate.
+Dropped. The editbox class vtable is `0x0081c8c0`, its script-slot resolver
+`FUN_0077a310` with focus slots at `+0x438`/`+0x440` — useful if a frame-level
+hook is ever needed.)
+
+### Descriptor fields + the vertical flip
+
+`ParseIcon` handles the full positional payload
+`path:height:width:offsetX:offsetY:texW:texH:left:right:top:bottom:r:g:b`.
+Texcoords crop a sprite sheet to one cell: `u = left/texW, right/texW`,
+`v = top/texH, bottom/texH` — e.g. `UI-RaidTargetingIcons` is a 256×256 sheet,
+4×2 grid of 64×64, so marker N's cell is `256:256:<col*64>:<+64>:<row*64>:<+64>`.
+
+**Vertex colour (`r:g:b`, 0-255):** the last three positional fields tint the
+icon. They pack to `0xFFrrggbb` — the same `0xAARRGGBB` order the tokenizer's
+`|cAARRGGBB` colour path builds (verified from `FUN_005c2810`'s colour branch),
+so the value flows straight into the quad's vertex colour and the font stage's
+default MODULATE COLOROP multiplies `texture.rgb × tint`. White (`255:255:255`,
+the default) = untinted. Because parsing is positional, a tint needs all the
+preceding fields present; the `TintIcon` helper passes `0`s for width..bottom
+(texW/texH `0` disables the texcoord crop → full texture) so the colour lands in
+the trailing slots.
+
+**Texcoord order:** the region's 4-float texcoord setter
+(`FUN_SIMPLETEXTURE_SET_TEXCOORD`) takes the rect **Y-FIRST INTERLEAVED**
+(`{v0, u0, v1, u1}`), matching the engine's `{yA, left, yB, right}` rect
+convention — diagnosed in-game when `{u0,v0,u1,v1}` rendered a raid-mark crop as
+the wrong cell. v is top-down, same as the `|T` payload's top/bottom fields.
+(The removed quad path had the inverse concern: the OpenGL backend put v=0 at
+the bottom, so the quad mapped the TOP screen corners to v1 — kept here as the
+backend note.)
+
+### Build / deploy / test cadence
+
+- `set -o pipefail; cmake --build build --config Release 2>&1 | tail -5 && cp build/Release/ClassicAPI.dll "C:/WoW/Octo/dll/ClassicAPI.dll"`
+  — `pipefail` stops a failed build from deploying a stale DLL.
+- **The client must be fully EXITED to relink** (it loads a symlink to the
+  linker's output). DLL changes need a full restart, not `/reload`.
+- **The embedded `!!!ClassicAPI` addon is symlinked**, so Lua-only changes (the
+  `TextureTest()` harness in `Util/AddOnCompat.lua`) need only `/reload`.
+
+### Remaining / optional
+
+- **Measure width, height, wrap** — all DONE (the three fs-level co-hooks in
+  Current design). Vertex-colour tint (`:r:g:b`) — DONE. The bring-up
+  diagnostics (`_classicapi_InlineTexSuppress/Tune/Stats/ProbeFS/RegionCal/Wrap`
+  and the capture globals) were REMOVED (`5e5677b`); only
+  `_classicapi_InlineTexEnable` remains.
+- **Animated emotes** — no DLL work is needed: a TwitchEmotes-style animator
+  re-`SetText`s each line ~30fps and rewrites the `|T` texcoords to crop the
+  current film-strip frame. That is addon Lua. RLE-compressed TGAs do not
+  decode in 1.12 (uncompressed only) — convert with
+  `magick in.tga -compress none in.tga` (no `-orient`/`-flip`: the region
+  renderer's texcoord order shows the frame right-side-up).
+- **Still icon-blind** (accepted): the hyperlink hit-test past a tall icon
+  OUTSIDE the link on the same line. The substring measure `FUN_00772AE0` was
+  hooked once its real consumer surfaced (the tooltip auto-size measures
+  wrapped SEGMENTS with it), and the trailing-icon width residual is trimmed
+  to sub-pixel (`TrailingIconTrimPen` — a string-final icon reports its ink
+  edge, not its advance, per the engine's own last-glyph convention).
+
+## Goal & spec
+
+Render the modern inline-texture escape (warcraft.wiki.gg/wiki/UI_escape_sequences#Textures):
+
+```
+|Tpath:height[:width[:offsetX:offsetY[:texWidth:texHeight:left:right:top:bottom[:rV:gV:bV]]]]|t
+```
+
+Atlas markup (`|A:atlas:…|a`) is Legion+ (needs an atlas DB 1.12 lacks) — out
+of scope. FileDataID paths are Legion+ — 1.12 resolves texture PATH strings
+only.
+
+## Confirmed: 1.12 has ZERO inline-texture support
+
+In-game test on the target client — all of these render as literal text, no
+icon:
+
+```
+|TInterface\Icons\INV_Misc_Coin_01:16|t
+|TInterface\Icons\INV_Misc_Coin_01:16:16|t
+|TInterface\Icons\INV_Misc_Coin_01:16:16:0:0|t
+```
+
+Root cause (see 1.12 map below): the shared escape tokenizer has no `T`/`t`
+case, so `|T` falls through to "literal `|` + ordinary glyphs".
+
+## Reference: 4.3.4 (`C:\WoW\Proudmoore\apwow.exe`, build 15595)
+
+4.3.4's text pipeline is a shared `|`-tokenizer feeding per-purpose loops that
+`switch` on the returned token type. It DOES support `|T`.
+
+- **Tokenizer `FUN_00613980`** — reads one token, returns a type code, bytes
+  consumed (`*param2`), payload char (`*param5`). `|`-switch token types:
+  `1`=color(`|c`+8 hex), `2`=reset(`|r`), `3`=break(`|n`/newline), `4`=`||`,
+  `5`=`|H`, `6`=`|h`, **`7`=texture(`|T`…`|t`)**, `8`=`|t`, `9`/`10`=`|K`/`|k`
+  callback, `0xb`/`0xc`=`|W`/`|w`, `0`=ordinary glyph. The `T` case scans
+  forward to the closing `|t` and returns 7 with the whole span's byte length.
+- **Field parser `FUN_00617ba0(tokenStart, &desc, size)`** — splits the `|T`
+  payload on `:` (helpers: `FUN_0040fa50`=strchr, `FUN_004b3d00`=atof,
+  `FUN_004b3480`=atoi) into a **0x40-byte descriptor**:
+
+  | off | field |
+  |----|-------|
+  | `+0x10`/`+0x14` | path ptr / length (up to first `:`) |
+  | `+0x18` | height (font-scaled) — required |
+  | `+0x1C` | width (defaults to height) |
+  | `+0x20`/`+0x24` | offsetX / offsetY |
+  | `+0x28`–`+0x34` | 4 normalized texcoords (texel ÷ texW/texH) |
+  | `+0x3C` | hasTexCoords flag |
+  | `+0x38`–`+0x3B` | vertex B/G/R/A |
+  | `+0x3D` | hasColor flag |
+
+- **Measure loop `FUN_00618430`** — walks tokens; `case 7` calls
+  `FUN_00617ba0` and adds the texture width to the pen.
+- **Draw emitter `FUN_0061ea10`** (analog of 1.12 `FUN_005ccbe0`) — its
+  `case 7` is the texture draw:
+  1. `FUN_00617ba0(tokenStart, &desc)` — parse fields into the descriptor
+     (stored inline on the line-state struct at `param7+0xb`, 0x10 dwords).
+  2. Compute pen x, width (`desc.width[+0x18 dword = param7[0x12]] * scale`),
+     and y from the justify mode `[obj+0x58]` (0=baseline, 1=center, 2=top).
+  3. Copy the descriptor to a stack struct and call **`FUN_0061e820`** — the
+     inline-texture quad emit. (`FUN_0061dd50` handles a region-state 1→2
+     transition when a texture interrupts a hyperlink capture.)
+- **`FUN_0061e820`** — normalizes the 4 quad corners (÷ screen w/h from
+  `DAT_00dd9ea0`/`DAT_00dd9ea4`) and calls `FUN_0061e410(1, &verts)`.
+- **`FUN_0061e410(count=1, &verts)`** (`__thiscall`, ECX = a vertex-buffer
+  object) — appends `count` quads of **0x40 bytes** (one quad = pos + texcoords)
+  to a **dedicated inline-texture vertex buffer**, growing it as needed
+  (`FUN_0061db40`). So inline textures accumulate in their OWN batch, separate
+  from the per-font-page glyph batches, each quad carrying its own texture
+  (bound at flush). This is the concrete confirmation of the "separate quad
+  path" — the backport must add such a batch + flush on the 1.12 side.
+
+## Target: 1.12 (`C:\WoW\Octo\WoW.exe`, build 5875) injection map
+
+Same architecture as 4.3.4, different addresses and token numbering. Reached
+from `Script_GetStringWidth` (`FUN_0079e510`) → `FUN_00772890` →
+`FUN_0044d670` → `FUN_005c2050` → the loops.
+
+- **Shared tokenizer `FUN_005c2810`** — `~11 callers`. `|`-switch token types:
+  `0`=color(`|c`), `1`=reset(`|r`), `2`=break(`|n`/newline), `3`=`||`,
+  `4`=`|H`, `5`=`|h`, `6`=ordinary glyph. **No `T`/`t` case** → `|T` hits the
+  fall-through (`*param5=0x7c; return 6`) = literal `|` then glyphs. Adding a
+  texture token means picking an unused code (e.g. `7`).
+- **Measure loop `FUN_005c6940`** — `switch`: `0/1/4/5` zero-width, `2` break,
+  default glyph (advance via `FUN_005c6b70`; kerning `FUN_005ca2d0`/
+  `FUN_005ca4b0`). No texture case.
+- **Fit/width loops** `FUN_005c6c50` (chars-into-width + per-char x, for
+  cursor/wrap) and `FUN_005c7470` (truncation/ellipsis). Same switch shape.
+- **Draw builder `FUN_005cdc20`** — reads the layout object's text at `[+0x48]`,
+  handles line-wrap / justify (`[+0x54]`) / color state, per line calls the
+  glyph emitter and `FUN_005cd310` (hyperlink rect registration).
+- **Glyph emitter `FUN_005ccbe0`** — the real quad emitter. Per glyph:
+  `FUN_005cabd0(fontFace,char)` → glyph record (atlas **page** at `rec[10]`,
+  advance `rec[0x12]`, texcoords `rec[0x18..0x1b]`), then appends 4 verts to a
+  **per-atlas-page** batch at `[obj + page*4 + 0xa0]`. `case 0/1` set/reset
+  color, `4/5` open/close hyperlink region, default = glyph.
+
+### The architectural wrinkle
+
+Glyph quads batch **per font-atlas page**. An inline `|T` texture is an
+arbitrary texture, not a font page, so it cannot join that batch — it needs a
+**separate textured-quad draw** (its own draw call, correctly ordered against
+the glyph batches so it appears inline). This is the substantive work, not the
+tokenizing. 4.3.4 solves it exactly this way — captured below: its draw `case 7`
+appends the quad to a dedicated inline-texture vertex buffer at
+`renderObject+0x9c`, separate from the per-font-page glyph batches (see the
+`FUN_0061ea10` / `FUN_0061e820` items under Open items).
+
+## Strategy
+
+The tokenizer is shared by ~11 callers, so DON'T just make it return a new
+type — the other callers' `switch`es would hit `default` and mis-handle it.
+Instead:
+
+1. **Reimplement (co-hook) the measure loop `FUN_005c6940` and the draw
+   builder `FUN_005cdc20`/emitter `FUN_005ccbe0`** — copy existing logic
+   (fully decompiled), delegate every non-texture token to the original
+   handling, and add an inline `|T…|t` case: measure → advance pen by texture
+   width; draw → emit the arbitrary-texture quad.
+2. **Port `FUN_00617ba0`** (field parse → 0x40 descriptor). Standalone, safe to
+   write now from the 4.3.4 decompilation; needs 1.12 equivalents of strchr/
+   atof/atoi (trivial or already in `Offsets.h`).
+3. **Leave the shared tokenizer `FUN_005c2810` and the other ~9 callers
+   untouched** — they keep rendering `|T` literally (wrap/cursor math slightly
+   off inside a texture in v1 — cosmetic, extend later).
+4. **Texture load by path** — reuse the engine's `Texture:SetTexture` loader;
+   **quad emit** — the primitive 4.3.4's draw case uses (to pin).
+
+Risk: the hot text path (every string every frame). But these are
+deterministic C functions, NOT the contended nampower/SuperWoW targets, so the
+MinHook-collision concern is low. Reimplementing two complex loops faithfully
+is the real cost.
+
+## Incremental slices
+
+1. Fixed-size `|Tpath:height|t` — render + width only (ignore width/offset/
+   texcoord/color). Proves the end-to-end quad path.
+2. width, offsetX/Y.
+3. texcoords (`texW:texH:l:r:t:b`).
+4. vertex color.
+5. correct wrap/cursor (extend `FUN_005c6c50`/`FUN_005c7470`).
+
+## Open items / next steps
+
+- [x] **4.3.4 draw-side `case 7`** — captured: `FUN_0061ea10` case 7 →
+      `FUN_00617ba0` (parse) + `FUN_0061e820`→`FUN_0061e410` (append quad to a
+      dedicated inline-texture vertex buffer). Separate batch, per-quad texture.
+- [x] **4.3.4 inline-texture buffer located** — `FUN_0061e820` (`RET 0x40`,
+      i.e. a 0x40-byte quad struct by value) does `ADD ECX,0x9c` before
+      `FUN_0061e410`, so the dedicated inline-texture vertex buffer is at
+      **renderObject+0x9c** (glyph batches are the `+0xa0 + page*4` array — the
+      two are adjacent but distinct). Quad struct: positions at `+0x8..+0x14`,
+      texcoords at `+0x20..+0x2c` (rest = z / texture handle / color). Appended
+      one quad at a time via `FUN_0061e410(this=buf@+0x9c, count, &quad)`.
+- [x] **Flush + path→texture load** — NOT traced on the 4.3.4 side by design;
+      its purpose (the flush + per-quad texture bind + path→load mechanism) is
+      fully answered on the **1.12 side** below: paint/flush `FUN_005c8fe0`,
+      bind `FUN_00589e80(0x17,tex)` + draw `FUN_005c8f40`, load `FUN_00449d90`.
+      4.3.4's own `+0x9c`-buffer flush is not needed — we implement against 1.12.
+- [x] **1.12 path→texture loader** — `FUN_00770200(textureObj, path, flag,
+      blend=DAT_00878cf0, flag)`. It's the string-path branch of
+      `Script_Texture_SetTexture` (`FUN_0079bb40`, method-table entry at
+      `0x0087c1a0`). This is how a `|T` path becomes a bound texture.
+- [x] **1.12 batch render + textured-quad GPU primitive — FOUND.** The paint
+      pass is `FUN_005c8fe0(layoutObj)`: it ensures each line built
+      (`FUN_005cd6a0`), then per font page (stride 0x18, indices 0..7 over
+      `[obj+0x18c+page*0x18]` = the page's texture object) does:
+      - **bind texture:** `FUN_00589e80(0x17, texturePage)` (0x17 = the texture
+        render-state selector),
+      - **lock dynamic VB:** `FUN_0058a140(0, stride=0x18, 0x800)` → handle;
+        `FUN_0058a080(handle)` → vertex data ptr,
+      - copy the page's built verts from the per-page batch at
+        `[lineObj + 0xa0 + page*4]` (`FUN_005ce090`=count, `FUN_005ce0c0`=copy),
+      - **draw:** `FUN_005c8f40(&handle, vertCount)` (flush/submit),
+      - **unlock:** `FUN_0058a0a0(handle, 0)`.
+
+      **Vertex stride = 0x18** (24 bytes = pos + uv + packed color). So an inline
+      `|T` quad = 4 (or 6) such verts, bound to its own texture. Reuse path for
+      the `|T` draw: `FUN_00589e80(0x17, inlineTex)` → write quad verts →
+      `FUN_005c8f40`. **`FUN_005c8fe0` is the co-hook site for strategy B** —
+      after the glyph batches are drawn, draw the frame's collected `|T` quads.
+- [x] **Path → bindable texture handle — RESOLVED.** `FUN_00770200`
+      (SetTexture-by-path) internally calls **`FUN_00449d90(path, &desc, flags,
+      0, 1)`** — the general path→CGxTexture loader (normalizes path, by-name
+      cache, creates on miss via `FUN_0044a140`/`FUN_0044a310`, returns a
+      **fallback texture on failure so never null**) — and stores the handle at
+      `textureObj+0xcc`. That handle is the SAME CGxTexture type
+      `FUN_00589e80(0x17, tex)` binds (the `tex[0x3c]` streamable flag +
+      non-null `*tex` that `FUN_00593840` checks are CGxTexture fields; font
+      pages and Texture widgets bind identically). So a `|T` draws as:
+      `tex = FUN_00449d90(path,&desc,flags,0,1)` → `FUN_00589e80(0x17,tex)` →
+      write 4 verts (stride 0x18) → `FUN_005c8f40(&vb,n)`. No scratch widget
+      needed if we replicate `FUN_00770200`'s descriptor setup
+      (`FUN_0058a980(&desc, blend, …)` then `FUN_00449d90`); or, simplest, keep
+      one scratch Texture object, `FUN_00770200(scratch,path,…)`, read
+      `[scratch+0xcc]`. The internal by-name cache makes repeats cheap.
+
+Two implementation strategies once the primitive is pinned:
+- **A (mirror 4.3.4):** own a separate inline-texture vertex buffer, flush it
+  in the paint pass alongside the glyph batches. Faithful, more integration.
+- **B (immediate):** at paint time, draw each collected `|T` quad immediately
+  via the GxU primitive (bind `FUN_00770200`'d texture, draw one quad). Simpler;
+  inline textures are few, so per-quad draw calls are fine. Likely the better
+  first cut.
+- [ ] Confirm 1.12's tokenizer flag bits (`param4 & 0x100/0x200/0x400/0x800`)
+      that gate color/escape handling, so the reimplemented loops pass them
+      through unchanged.
+
+## Reality check on scope — how it actually landed
+
+The plan above feared reimplementing 1.12's glyph emitter `FUN_005ccbe0` (a
+long, intricate function) and the measure loop. It did not come to that. The
+shipped design avoids both:
+
+- **Positioning** does NOT reimplement the emitter — it SEGMENTS the line at
+  icon boundaries and delegates each plain run to the ORIGINAL emitter, so the
+  engine still lays out every glyph. We only track where the icons go.
+- **Rendering** does NOT stand up a separate quad batch — icons are
+  engine-managed regions anchored to their FontString (the removed quad batch
+  was strategy B; regions replaced it).
+- **Measure** does NOT reimplement the loops — three cold co-hooks on the
+  fs-level width / height / wrap functions add the icons' contribution and call
+  the originals.
+
+The result is the largest feature in the project, but built from co-hooks that
+delegate to the engine rather than from reimplemented layout code. It was
+verified by in-game iteration over many build/test rounds, as expected.

docs/InlineTextureResidency.md

@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+# Why inline icons render as engine regions
+
+Inline `|T…|t` icons render as pooled `CSimpleTexture` regions
+([src/text/InlineTexturePool.cpp](../src/text/InlineTexturePool.cpp)) — one per
+visible icon, anchored to the icon's owning FontString. The engine draws each
+region every frame like any UI texture, so the icon is resident by construction
+and moves with its line for free. This is 4.3.4's `CSimpleEmbeddedTexture`
+model, built from the parts 1.12 ships.
+
+This file records why that design was chosen and the RE behind it. A raw-GxU-
+quad renderer came first and was removed (`56c2670`).
+
+## History — a residency misdiagnosis, corrected
+
+The quad renderer flickered: a random subset of chat icons blanked on scroll,
+and a second client showed no icons at all. The first diagnosis was **texture
+residency** — the theory that a raw quad bound a texture the VRAM manager had
+evicted, because a raw quad is owned by no frame object.
+
+That diagnosis was wrong. The real cause was the Large-Address-Aware pointer
+bound (`dc61f77`): a 2GB cap in the flush's `LooksReadable` check rejected valid
+heap pointers above `0x80000000`, and the flush's node walk BREAKS on a rejected
+node. So one high node truncated the walk, and every node after it lost its
+icon. That is the "random subset blanks" pattern, and a second client shows none
+because it grows the heap past 2GB sooner. With the bound fixed, the raw quads
+did not flicker either.
+
+So engine regions are kept for **4.3.4 parity**, not necessity. They are
+resident by construction, which closes the residency question for good — but the
+question was never the real bug. Do not re-open the residency investigation; the
+D3D notes at the end are the record of what was ruled out.
+
+## The region the pool builds
+
+1.12 ships `CSimpleTexture` — the ordinary `Texture` widget
+(`frame:CreateTexture()`). It is a managed, reference-counted, `CGxTexCache`-
+backed, engine-drawn texture. The only thing 3.3.5's `CSimpleEmbeddedTexture`
+adds is automatic inline layout inside the FontString, and the emitter already
+computes the icon positions — so the pool supplies them. (`CSimpleEmbeddedTexture`
+is compiled into 3.3.5 only; RTTI confirms it is absent from 1.12.)
+
+Per icon, the pool takes a pooled region and sets the texture, texcoords,
+colour, and two anchor points relative to the owning FontString's bottom-left.
+The engine then owns load, residency, managed-pool reload, clipping, and draw.
+
+### 1.12 entry points (used by the pool)
+
+RTTI name strings: `.?AVCSimpleTexture@@` @ `0x00846588`,
+`.?AVCSimpleFontString@@` @ `0x00846544`.
+
+Create a `CSimpleTexture` from C (mirrors `Tooltip::LinePool`'s FontString path):
+
+```
+void* mem = FUN_00760450(&DAT_00cf4ce0, 0, /*rtti*/0x00846588, 0xFFFFFFFE); // pool alloc
+void* tex = FUN_0076fc40(mem, parentFrame, /*drawLayer*/2, /*sublayer*/1);   // ctor
+```
+
+Set the texture path (loads through the engine's own loader, owns the handle):
+
+```
+FUN_00770200(tex, path, 0, DAT_00878cf0, 0);  // CSimpleTexture::SetTexture(path)
+```
+
+`FUN_00770200` builds GxTexFlags (`FUN_0058a980`), loads via `FUN_00449d90`,
+stores the HTEXTURE at `tex+0xCC` (owned ref), releases the old one
+(`FUN_0041aed0`), and marks the region dirty. This ownership is the whole
+residency story — the engine holds the texture and reloads it on eviction.
+
+Region methods the pool calls directly:
+
+| method | C++ target |
+|---|---|
+| SetTexCoord | `FUN_00770410(tex, &{v0,u0,v1,u1})` — Y-FIRST interleaved |
+| SetColor | `FUN_0077F750(tex, &BGRA)` — also the chat-fade alpha mirror |
+| SetPoint | `FUN_00767C70` — internal units (see LinePool `PixelToInternal`) |
+| Show / Hide | `FUN_0077FCB0` / `FUN_0077FC60` (desired-shown `+0xC4`, realized `+0xC8`) |
+
+`CSimpleTexture` layout (from ctor `FUN_0076fc40`): vtable `0x0081c718`;
+region-render vtable at `+0x24`; HTEXTURE `+0xCC`; blend `+0xD0`; per-corner
+quad position/texcoord arrays `+0xD4..+0x100` (`OFF_SIMPLETEXTURE_CORNERS`);
+`+0x128` a flag. The region-render vtable slot 0 (`0x00770670`) computes the
+screen rect and calls `FUN_007705b0` to STORE the quad corners; the GPU draw is
+deferred to the engine's batched region paint.
+
+## The pen↔anchor bridge
+
+The emitter computes icon positions in PEN units; the pool stores region
+`SetPoint` offsets in ANCHOR units, relative to the FontString's rect. The
+bridge is one scale `K` (pen units per anchor unit) plus the FontString's own
+rect: the flush reads the FontString rect and derives `K` per node, converts
+each icon's screen rect to FontString-relative anchor offsets, and queues that.
+The pool applies the queued placement on the next frame tick — never mid-render.
+`K` derivation and the FontString-relative store are in `FlushLayout`
+([src/text/InlineTexture.cpp](../src/text/InlineTexture.cpp)); the
+convergence pass in `Maintain`
+([src/text/InlineTexturePool.cpp](../src/text/InlineTexturePool.cpp)) self-heals
+any residual scale from the region's own frame-scale chain.
+
+## What was ruled out during the residency chase (do not re-investigate)
+
+The blank icons had zero CPU-side signature — records present, node chain
+contiguous, geometry sane, index buffer ready at submit, batched draw, z-buffer
+excluded twice. The full D3D9 render state at the true draw point was benign:
+`zFunc=8` always, `aBlend=1`, `colorW=0xF`, scissor and stencil off, texture
+stage MODULATE with a valid bound texture every draw. All of this was consistent
+with the LAA-bound truncation (the node never reached the draw), not with a lost
+texture surface.
+
+D3D9 device access, if it is ever needed again:
+
+- `IDirect3DDevice9* = *(void**)(*(void**)0x00C0ED38 + 0x38a8)` (CGxDeviceD3d).
+- `GetRenderState` = device vtable `+0xE8`; `SetRenderState` `+0xE4`.
+- The GxU re-applies its cached render states before every draw (`FUN_005a1b20`),
+  so a raw `SetRenderState` for a GxU-managed state is overwritten; `ZENABLE` is
+  not in that path, so a direct set survives.

src/ClassicAPI.def

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+; Exports for ClassicAPI.dll.
+;
+; `Load` is VanillaFixes' post-injection entry point: after the launcher
+; injects each dlls.txt DLL, the VanillaFixes runtime calls the DLL's `Load`
+; export on the game's MAIN thread (GetProcAddress(module, "Load")), outside
+; the loader lock and with no timeout. Listing it here exports it undecorated
+; as "Load" so GetProcAddress finds it regardless of calling convention.
+EXPORTS
+    Load

src/Common.h

@@ -13,26 +13,6 @@
 
 namespace Common {
 
-#define HOOK_FUNCTION(offset, hook, original)                                                      \
-    {                                                                                              \
-        auto *target = reinterpret_cast<LPVOID>(offset);                                           \
-        if (MH_CreateHook(target, reinterpret_cast<LPVOID>(hook),                                  \
-                          reinterpret_cast<LPVOID *>(&original)) != MH_OK)                         \
-            return FALSE;                                                                          \
-        if (MH_EnableHook(target) != MH_OK)                                                        \
-            return FALSE;                                                                          \
-    }
-
-#define UNHOOK_FUNCTION(offset, original)                                                          \
-    {                                                                                              \
-        auto *target = reinterpret_cast<LPVOID>(offset);                                           \
-        if (MH_DisableHook(target) != MH_OK)                                                       \
-            return FALSE;                                                                          \
-        if (MH_RemoveHook(target) != MH_OK)                                                        \
-            return FALSE;                                                                          \
-        (original) = nullptr;                                                                      \
-    }
-
 bool PatchBytes(void *dst, const void *src, size_t len);
 
 } // namespace Common

src/DllMain.cpp

@@ -16,8 +16,15 @@
 #include "MinHook.h"
 #include "Offsets.h"
 #include "event/Custom.h"
+#include "luasyntax/StringMethods.h"
+#include "model/DisplayInfo.h"
 #include "nameplate/Walk.h"
 #include "player/NameCache.h"
+#include "text/InlineTexture.h"
+#include "text/InlineTexturePool.h"
+#include "texture/Mask.h"
+#include "texture/Transform.h"
+#include "tooltip/SetEvents.h"
 
 static Game::FrameScript_Initialize_t FrameScript_Initialize_o = nullptr;
 static Game::LoadScriptFunctions_t LoadScriptFunctions_o = nullptr;
@@ -47,6 +54,35 @@ static bool __fastcall FrameScript_Initialize_h() {
     // cache to clear here.
     NamePlate::Events::PrepareForReload();
 
+    // The reload teardown destroys every icon pool texture, fontstring,
+    // and text node — forget all inline-icon pointers now so nothing
+    // touches them (see InlineTexture.h / InlineTexturePool.h).
+    Text::InlineTexture::PrepareForReload();
+    Text::InlineTexturePool::PrepareForReload();
+
+    // Drop per-region corner transforms (SetRotation / SetVertexOffset) — the
+    // reload destroys every addon texture and the region pool reuses their pointers.
+    Texture::Transform::PrepareForReload();
+
+    // Drop per-region texture masks for the same reason (SetMask).
+    Texture::Mask::PrepareForReload();
+
+    // Drop pending character-dress jobs and their engine compositors — the
+    // reload destroys every Model frame the jobs point at.
+    Model::DisplayInfo::PrepareForReload();
+
+    // Drop the per-tooltip OnTooltipSet* handler cells — the reload destroys
+    // and recreates every tooltip object, and the handler refs die with the
+    // Lua reset (issue #33: the cell table filled after ~18 reloads, then
+    // recycled tooltip addresses fired dead refs).
+    Tooltip::SetEvents::PrepareForReload();
+
+    // Forget the captured `string` table before the world Lua state resets
+    // (this hook also fires on /logout, where the state's tables die) —
+    // string-method resolution fails closed (stock index error) until
+    // LoadScriptFunctions re-captures.
+    LuaSyntax::StringMethods::PrepareForReload();
+
     // Persist the name cache before the engine starts tearing down.
     // This hook fires on both `/reload` and `/logout` (the engine
     // re-initializes Lua state in both cases), giving us a clean
@@ -71,6 +107,14 @@ static void __fastcall LoadScriptFunctions_h() {
 static void __stdcall LoadGlueScriptFunctions_h() {
     LoadGlueScriptFunctions_o();
     Game::RunGlueModuleRegistrations();
+    // World→glue teardown destroyed every world fontstring and text node the
+    // inline-icon maps reference; forget them now that the glue UI is booting.
+    // (Glue→world is covered by FrameScript_Initialize_h; the node-free hook
+    // handles individual deaths, but bulk teardown paths may bypass it.)
+    Text::InlineTexture::PrepareForReload();
+    Text::InlineTexturePool::PrepareForReload();
+    Texture::Transform::PrepareForReload();
+    Texture::Mask::PrepareForReload();
 }
 
 // Every Lua-side `frame:RegisterEvent(...)` is a chance to claim a slot
@@ -86,47 +130,153 @@ static void __fastcall FrameRegisterEvent_h(void *frame, void *edx,
     FrameRegisterEvent_o(frame, edx, eventName);
 }
 
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Hook install — kept OFF the Windows loader lock.
+//
+// Every MH_EnableHook freezes all process threads (CreateToolhelp32Snapshot +
+// SuspendThread/GetThreadContext each). Doing ~90 of those from DllMain, under
+// the loader lock, is the pattern MinHook documents as unsafe: on machines
+// whose security stack intercepts thread suspension it stalled the remote
+// LoadLibrary thread past VanillaFixes' 10-second injection deadline, so VF
+// read the still-running thread as STILL_ACTIVE (259) and showed its generic
+// "compatible client" error — a false diagnosis of a slow load.
+//
+// So DllMain installs nothing. The install runs later, on a thread that does
+// NOT hold the loader lock, via one of two triggers that both funnel through
+// the latched EnsureInitialized():
+//   * VanillaFixes' `Load` export, called on the game's main thread after
+//     injection (the sanctioned VF extension point), or
+//   * a fallback worker thread we spawn from DllMain, ONLY when VanillaFixes
+//     is not the loader (no VfPatcher.dll in the process), for injectors that
+//     never call `Load`.
+//
+// The worker MUST stand down under VanillaFixes. VF creates the process
+// suspended and injects every dlls.txt DLL sequentially via remote threads;
+// a worker spawned from our DllMain starts the moment our own LoadLibrary
+// releases the loader lock — i.e. while VF is still injecting the NEXT
+// dlls.txt DLL. Its ~90-prologue install (plus the MH_ApplyQueued
+// thread-freeze) then races that DLL's DllMain patching the same engine
+// functions, which made SuperWoWhook.dll fail to load whenever ClassicAPI
+// preceded it in dlls.txt. `Load` has no such race: VfPatcher calls it on the
+// game's main thread after the process resumes, when every DllMain in the
+// injection chain has already completed, serialized in dlls.txt order.
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+static volatile LONG g_initClaimed = 0;    // 0 until a thread takes the installer role
+static volatile LONG g_initDone = 0;       // 0 until the install has finished
+static volatile LONG g_initResult = 1;     // 0 = success, 1 = failure (until proven)
+static volatile LONG g_mhInitialized = 0;  // MH_Initialize succeeded (gates detach teardown)
+
+static bool CreateAndQueue(uintptr_t offset, void *hook, void **original) {
+    auto *target = reinterpret_cast<LPVOID>(offset);
+    if (MH_CreateHook(target, hook, original) != MH_OK)
+        return false;
+    // Queue only — a single MH_ApplyQueued below applies the whole batch in
+    // one thread-freeze.
+    if (MH_QueueEnableHook(target) != MH_OK)
+        return false;
+    return true;
+}
+
+static bool InstallHooks() {
+    if (MH_Initialize() != MH_OK)
+        return false;
+    InterlockedExchange(&g_mhInitialized, 1);
+
+    if (!CreateAndQueue(Offsets::FUN_INVALID_FUNCTION_PTR_CHECK,
+                        reinterpret_cast<void *>(InvalidFunctionPtrCheck_h), nullptr))
+        return false;
+
+    // Four core init hooks — each runs glue logic (PrepareForReload,
+    // RunModuleRegistrations, RunGlueModuleRegistrations, EnableWrites,
+    // RetryClaims) tightly coupled to DllMain state, so a declarative
+    // HookAutoRegister wouldn't simplify them.
+    if (!CreateAndQueue(Offsets::FUN_FRAME_SCRIPT_INITIALIZE,
+                        reinterpret_cast<void *>(FrameScript_Initialize_h),
+                        reinterpret_cast<void **>(&FrameScript_Initialize_o)))
+        return false;
+    if (!CreateAndQueue(Offsets::FUN_LOAD_SCRIPT_FUNCTIONS,
+                        reinterpret_cast<void *>(LoadScriptFunctions_h),
+                        reinterpret_cast<void **>(&LoadScriptFunctions_o)))
+        return false;
+    if (!CreateAndQueue(Offsets::FUN_LOAD_GLUE_SCRIPT_FUNCTIONS,
+                        reinterpret_cast<void *>(LoadGlueScriptFunctions_h),
+                        reinterpret_cast<void **>(&LoadGlueScriptFunctions_o)))
+        return false;
+    if (!CreateAndQueue(Offsets::FUN_FRAME_REGISTER_EVENT,
+                        reinterpret_cast<void *>(FrameRegisterEvent_h),
+                        reinterpret_cast<void **>(&FrameRegisterEvent_o)))
+        return false;
+
+    // All feature hooks declared via `Game::HookAutoRegister` at file scope
+    // in their respective modules (create + queue-enable, no apply yet).
+    if (!Game::RunHookRegistrations())
+        return false;
+
+    // One thread-freeze that activates every queued hook at once.
+    return MH_ApplyQueued() == MH_OK;
+}
+
+// Runs InstallHooks exactly once. Returns 0 on success, 1 on failure. If a
+// second caller arrives while the install is in flight, it blocks briefly so
+// both callers observe the real result.
+static DWORD EnsureInitialized() {
+    if (InterlockedCompareExchange(&g_initClaimed, 1, 0) == 0) {
+        g_initResult = InstallHooks() ? 0 : 1;
+        InterlockedExchange(&g_initDone, 1);
+    } else {
+        while (InterlockedCompareExchange(&g_initDone, 0, 0) == 0)
+            Sleep(1);
+    }
+    return static_cast<DWORD>(g_initResult);
+}
+
+static DWORD WINAPI InitWorker(LPVOID) {
+    EnsureInitialized();
+    return 0;
+}
+
+// VanillaFixes calls this on the game's MAIN thread after injection
+// (InitAdditionalDLLs -> GetProcAddress(module, "Load")), outside the loader
+// lock and with no timeout — the sanctioned VF extension point. Returns 0 on
+// success; VF reports any non-zero result to the user. Exported undecorated
+// as "Load" via src/ClassicAPI.def.
+extern "C" DWORD Load() { return EnsureInitialized(); }
+
 BOOL APIENTRY DllMain(HMODULE hModule, DWORD reason, LPVOID lpReserved) {
     if (reason == DLL_PROCESS_ATTACH) {
         DisableThreadLibraryCalls(hModule);
 
-        if (MH_Initialize() != MH_OK)
-            return FALSE;
-
-        auto *target = reinterpret_cast<LPVOID>(Offsets::FUN_INVALID_FUNCTION_PTR_CHECK);
-        if (MH_CreateHook(target, reinterpret_cast<LPVOID>(InvalidFunctionPtrCheck_h), nullptr) != MH_OK)
-            return FALSE;
-        if (MH_EnableHook(target) != MH_OK)
-            return FALSE;
-
-        // Four core init hooks stay here — each runs glue logic
-        // (PrepareForReload, RunModuleRegistrations,
-        // RunGlueModuleRegistrations, EnableWrites, RetryClaims)
-        // that's tightly coupled to DllMain state, so a declarative
-        // HookAutoRegister wouldn't simplify them.
-        HOOK_FUNCTION(Offsets::FUN_FRAME_SCRIPT_INITIALIZE, FrameScript_Initialize_h,
-                      FrameScript_Initialize_o);
-        HOOK_FUNCTION(Offsets::FUN_LOAD_SCRIPT_FUNCTIONS, LoadScriptFunctions_h,
-                      LoadScriptFunctions_o);
-        HOOK_FUNCTION(Offsets::FUN_LOAD_GLUE_SCRIPT_FUNCTIONS,
-                      LoadGlueScriptFunctions_h, LoadGlueScriptFunctions_o);
-        HOOK_FUNCTION(Offsets::FUN_FRAME_REGISTER_EVENT, FrameRegisterEvent_h,
-                      FrameRegisterEvent_o);
-
-        // All feature hooks declared via `Game::HookAutoRegister` at
-        // file scope in their respective modules.
-        if (!Game::RunHookRegistrations())
-            return FALSE;
+        // Install nothing here (loader lock — see the block comment above).
+        //
+        // Under VanillaFixes, `Load` is the ONLY install trigger. VfPatcher.dll
+        // is injected before any dlls.txt DLL, so its presence identifies VF as
+        // the loader; and the `Load` mechanism shipped in the same VF release
+        // (v1.4) as dlls.txt support itself, so any VF that loaded us will call
+        // it. Spawning the worker here would race the DllMains of the dlls.txt
+        // DLLs VF injects after us (see the block comment above).
+        if (GetModuleHandleW(L"VfPatcher.dll") == nullptr) {
+            // Any other injector: no `Load` caller exists, so install from a
+            // worker off the lock. The new thread cannot run its body until
+            // DllMain returns and the loader lock releases, and we never wait
+            // on it. DisableThreadLibraryCalls suppressed its THREAD_ATTACH.
+            HANDLE worker = CreateThread(nullptr, 0, InitWorker, nullptr, 0, nullptr);
+            if (worker != nullptr)
+                CloseHandle(worker);
+        }
     } else if (reason == DLL_PROCESS_DETACH) {
-        // Clean /quit path. Flush before MH_Uninitialize — the cache's
-        // file I/O uses Win32 directly (no MinHook involvement), so
-        // either order works in practice, but flushing first lets us
-        // bail early if the hook teardown ever grows side effects.
-        // Hard process termination (task manager kill) bypasses this
-        // path; that's an inherent OS limitation, and the 5-minute
-        // backstop flush in Remember() covers the worst case there.
-        Player::NameCache::Flush();
-        MH_Uninitialize();
+        // Clean /quit path — only tear down if we actually initialized.
+        // Flush before MH_Uninitialize — the cache's file I/O uses Win32
+        // directly (no MinHook involvement), so either order works in
+        // practice, but flushing first lets us bail early if the hook
+        // teardown ever grows side effects. Hard process termination (task
+        // manager kill) bypasses this path; that's an inherent OS
+        // limitation, and the 5-minute backstop flush in Remember() covers
+        // the worst case there.
+        if (g_mhInitialized) {
+            Player::NameCache::Flush();
+            MH_Uninitialize();
+        }
     }
     return TRUE;
 }

src/Game.cpp

@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ using RegisterFrameMethods_t = void(__fastcall *)(const FrameMethodEntry *table,
 } // namespace
 
 void *State() {
-    return *reinterpret_cast<void **>(static_cast<uintptr_t>(Offsets::VAR_LUA_STATE));
+    return Game::Read<void *>(Offsets::VAR_LUA_STATE);
 }
 
 namespace {
@@ -320,7 +320,12 @@ bool RunHookRegistrations() {
         if (MH_CreateHook(targetPtr, node->hook,
                           reinterpret_cast<LPVOID *>(node->original)) != MH_OK)
             return false;
-        if (MH_EnableHook(targetPtr) != MH_OK)
+        // Queue, don't enable. The caller (InstallHooks) applies every
+        // queued hook with a single MH_ApplyQueued, so all ~90 hooks share
+        // ONE thread-freeze instead of one freeze per hook. This is the
+        // difference that keeps install cheap on machines whose security
+        // stack intercepts SuspendThread / VirtualProtect per call.
+        if (MH_QueueEnableHook(targetPtr) != MH_OK)
             return false;
     }
     return true;

src/Game.h

@@ -17,6 +17,46 @@
 
 namespace Game {
 
+// --- Typed engine-memory access ---------------------------------------------
+//
+// The canonical way to read/write an engine object field or a fixed-VA global,
+// replacing the `*reinterpret_cast<const T *>(base + Offsets::OFF_X)` idiom
+// (and its double-cast variant when `base` isn't a byte pointer). Offsets stay
+// in Offsets.h per the single-source-of-truth rule — these only centralize the
+// cast noise, they add no checking.
+//
+//   Game::Read<int>(obj, Offsets::OFF_FIELD)      field read
+//   Game::Ref<uint32_t>(obj, Offsets::OFF_FIELD)  writable field lvalue
+//   Game::Ptr<float>(obj, Offsets::OFF_FIELD)     pointer TO a field (arrays,
+//                                                 out-params for engine calls)
+//   Game::Read<float>(Offsets::VAR_GLOBAL)        fixed-VA global read
+//   Game::Ref<int>(Offsets::VAR_GLOBAL)           fixed-VA global lvalue
+
+template <typename T>
+inline const T *Ptr(const void *base, uintptr_t offset) {
+    return reinterpret_cast<const T *>(reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(base) + offset);
+}
+template <typename T>
+inline T *Ptr(void *base, uintptr_t offset) {
+    return reinterpret_cast<T *>(reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(base) + offset);
+}
+template <typename T>
+inline T Read(const void *base, uintptr_t offset) {
+    return *Ptr<T>(base, offset);
+}
+template <typename T>
+inline T &Ref(void *base, uintptr_t offset) {
+    return *Ptr<T>(base, offset);
+}
+template <typename T>
+inline T Read(uintptr_t address) {
+    return *reinterpret_cast<const T *>(address);
+}
+template <typename T>
+inline T &Ref(uintptr_t address) {
+    return *reinterpret_cast<T *>(address);
+}
+
 using FrameScript_Initialize_t = bool(__fastcall *)();
 using LoadScriptFunctions_t = void(__fastcall *)();
 
@@ -341,19 +381,24 @@ void RunGlueModuleRegistrations();
 
 // Declarative MinHook registration. Each feature module declares a
 // file-scope `static const Game::HookAutoRegister _hookreg{target,
-// &hook_fn, reinterpret_cast<void**>(&original_fn)};` and DllMain's
-// `RunHookRegistrations` walks the list once after `MH_Initialize`,
-// installing each hook with `MH_CreateHook` + `MH_EnableHook`.
+// &hook_fn, reinterpret_cast<void**>(&original_fn)};` and the installer
+// (`InstallHooks` in DllMain.cpp) walks the list once after
+// `MH_Initialize`, creating each hook and QUEUE-enabling it; a single
+// `MH_ApplyQueued` then activates them all in one thread-freeze.
+//
+// The install runs OFF the loader lock (via the `Load` export or the
+// fallback worker thread — see DllMain.cpp), never inside DllMain, so
+// the thread-freeze can't deadlock or stall the loader.
 //
 // Same lifetime rules as ModuleAutoRegister: constructors chain onto
 // a static-init list before DllMain runs, the linker keeps the OBJ
 // because the constructor has side effects, and order across TUs is
 // undefined but doesn't matter here (hooks are independent).
 //
-// Use only for feature hooks. The three core engine-init hooks in
+// Use only for feature hooks. The four core engine-init hooks in
 // DllMain (FrameScript_Initialize / LoadScriptFunctions /
-// Frame::RegisterEvent) have inline logic that interleaves with the
-// hook chain and stays in DllMain.
+// LoadGlueScriptFunctions / Frame::RegisterEvent) have inline logic that
+// interleaves with the hook chain and stays with the installer.
 struct HookAutoRegister {
     HookAutoRegister(uintptr_t target, void *hook, void **original);
     uintptr_t target;
@@ -362,8 +407,9 @@ struct HookAutoRegister {
     HookAutoRegister *next;
 };
 
-// Installs every registered hook. Returns `false` and stops on first
-// failure — caller (DllMain) should propagate by returning FALSE.
+// Creates and QUEUE-enables every registered hook (no `MH_ApplyQueued`
+// here — the caller applies the whole batch at once). Returns `false`
+// and stops on first failure.
 bool RunHookRegistrations();
 
 } // namespace Game

src/addons/Embedded.cpp

@@ -47,6 +47,11 @@
 
 #include "Game.h"
 #include "Offsets.h"
+#include "addons/EngineIO.h"
+#include "addons/FlavorBindings.h"
+#include "addons/FlavorToc.h"
+#include "addons/Toc.h"
+#include "addons/TocRewrite.h"
 #include "bindings/Inject.h"
 
 #include <cstdint>
@@ -111,30 +116,15 @@ const ClassicAPIFiles::File *LookupEmbedded(const char *suffix) {
     return nullptr;
 }
 
-// Storm allocator — same one `FUN_FILE_READ` uses internally. Buffer
-// allocated here is freed cleanly by the caller's standard `SMemFree`
-// (`FUN_STORM_SMEM_FREE`). `__stdcall` per the function's `RET 0x10`
-// (4 args × 4 bytes = 16) epilogue.
-//   __stdcall void *SMemAlloc(size_t size, const char *file, int line, int flags)
-using SMemAlloc_t = void *(__stdcall *)(size_t size, const char *file, int line, int flags);
+// Engine file I/O + Storm allocator — see addons/EngineIO.h for the shapes and
+// the __stdcall / ESP-drift hazard. A buffer we SMemAlloc here is freed cleanly
+// by the caller's standard SMemFree in turn.
+using AddOns::EngineIO::FileReadFn;
+using AddOns::EngineIO::SMemAllocFn;
+using AddOns::EngineIO::SMemFreeFn;
 
-// `FUN_FILE_READ` — same shape derived from the Octo decompile.
-// Calling convention is `__stdcall` (callee cleans 28 bytes via
-// `RET 0x1C`), not `__cdecl` — confirmed via the function epilogue.
-// Getting this wrong silently corrupts the caller's stack frame.
-//   __stdcall int FileRead(int unused, const char *path, void **outBuf,
-//                          size_t *outSize, size_t extraBytes,
-//                          int flag1, int flag2)
-using FileRead_t = int(__stdcall *)(int unused, const char *path, void **outBuf,
-                                    size_t *outSize, size_t extraBytes,
-                                    int flag1, int flag2);
-FileRead_t FileRead_o = nullptr;
-
-// Storm-allocator free. Used to release the disk-TOC buffer after we
-// scrape its version line — same path the engine itself uses when
-// `FileRead_o` succeeded and the caller's done with the result.
-//   __stdcall void SMemFree(void *buf, const char *file, int line, int flags)
-using SMemFree_t = void(__stdcall *)(void *buf, const char *file, int line, int flags);
+// The trampoline to the original FUN_FILE_READ (installed by the co-hook below).
+FileReadFn FileRead_o = nullptr;
 
 // Extracts the value of the `## Version: X` line from a TOC byte
 // buffer. Writes into `out` (size `outSize`) and returns true on
@@ -142,25 +132,19 @@ using SMemFree_t = void(__stdcall *)(void *buf, const char *file, int line, int
 // sensitive on the key. Returns false if no Version line is found.
 bool ExtractTocVersion(const char *content, size_t size,
                        char *out, size_t outSize) {
-    static const char kKey[] = "## Version:";
-    constexpr size_t kKeyLen = sizeof(kKey) - 1;
-    for (size_t i = 0; i + kKeyLen <= size; ++i) {
-        const bool atLineStart = (i == 0) || content[i - 1] == '\n';
-        if (!atLineStart) continue;
-        if (std::memcmp(content + i, kKey, kKeyLen) != 0) continue;
-        const char *p = content + i + kKeyLen;
-        const char *end = content + size;
-        while (p < end && (*p == ' ' || *p == '\t')) ++p;
-        size_t j = 0;
-        while (p < end && *p != '\r' && *p != '\n' && j + 1 < outSize) {
-            out[j++] = *p++;
-        }
-        while (j > 0 && (out[j - 1] == ' ' || out[j - 1] == '\t')) --j;
-        out[j] = '\0';
-        return j > 0;
+    const char *v = nullptr;
+    size_t n = 0;
+    if (outSize == 0)
+        return false;
+    if (!AddOns::Toc::FindValue(content, size, "## Version:", &v, &n) || n == 0) {
+        out[0] = '\0';
+        return false;
     }
-    if (outSize > 0) out[0] = '\0';
-    return false;
+    if (n >= outSize)
+        n = outSize - 1;
+    std::memcpy(out, v, n);
+    out[n] = '\0';
+    return true;
 }
 
 // Returns -1/0/+1 for `a < b` / `a == b` / `a > b`. "DEV" is the
@@ -229,7 +213,7 @@ bool DiskHasDevMarker() {
     const int ok = FileRead_o(0, fullPath, &buf, &size, 1, 1, 0);
     if (ok == 0 || buf == nullptr)
         return false;
-    auto SMemFree = reinterpret_cast<SMemFree_t>(Offsets::FUN_STORM_SMEM_FREE);
+    auto SMemFree = reinterpret_cast<SMemFreeFn>(Offsets::FUN_STORM_SMEM_FREE);
     SMemFree(buf, __FILE__, __LINE__, 0);
     return true;
 }
@@ -274,7 +258,7 @@ void DecideSource() {
     // Free the disk buffer we just borrowed — we only needed it for
     // the version-line scrape. The actual content for the engine's
     // TOC read comes through the regular hook path below.
-    auto SMemFree = reinterpret_cast<SMemFree_t>(Offsets::FUN_STORM_SMEM_FREE);
+    auto SMemFree = reinterpret_cast<SMemFreeFn>(Offsets::FUN_STORM_SMEM_FREE);
     SMemFree(diskBuf, __FILE__, __LINE__, 0);
 
     // Missing or unparseable disk version → assume it's older than
@@ -301,10 +285,33 @@ int __stdcall FileRead_h(int unused, const char *path, void **outBuf,
 
     const char *suffix = StripAddonPrefix(path);
     if (suffix == nullptr) {
-        // Path isn't under `Interface\AddOns\!!!ClassicAPI\` — straight
-        // pass-through, we don't care.
-        return FileRead_o(unused, path, outBuf, outSize, extraBytes,
-                          flag1, flag2);
+        // Not our embedded addon. If this is a base-TOC read for a multi-flavor
+        // addon that ships only `<Name>_Turtle.toc` / `_ClassicAPI.toc`, serve
+        // that in place of the missing `<Name>.toc` so it registers and loads
+        // (see addons/FlavorToc.h).
+        int result;
+        if (AddOns::FlavorToc::TryHandle(unused, path, outBuf, outSize,
+                                         extraBytes, flag1, flag2, FileRead_o)) {
+            result = 1;
+        } else if (AddOns::FlavorBindings::TryHandle(unused, path, outBuf, outSize,
+                                                     extraBytes, flag1, flag2,
+                                                     FileRead_o)) {
+            // Flavor-specific addon keybindings: serve `Bindings_Turtle.xml` /
+            // `Bindings_ClassicAPI.xml` for a `…\AddOns\<Name>\Bindings.xml`
+            // read (see addons/FlavorBindings.h). The paired exists-check
+            // co-hook lives in that module.
+            result = 1;
+        } else {
+            result = FileRead_o(unused, path, outBuf, outSize, extraBytes,
+                                flag1, flag2);
+        }
+        // Per-line TOC directives: evaluate `[Condition]` and expand
+        // `[Variable]` tokens on this addon TOC's file lines so the load
+        // pass sees clean paths (see addons/TocRewrite.h). No-op unless
+        // `path` is an addon `.toc` that actually contains directives.
+        if (result != 0)
+            AddOns::TocRewrite::Transform(path, outBuf, outSize);
+        return result;
     }
 
     DecideSource();
@@ -331,7 +338,7 @@ int __stdcall FileRead_h(int unused, const char *path, void **outBuf,
                           flag1, flag2);
     }
 
-    auto SMemAlloc = reinterpret_cast<SMemAlloc_t>(
+    auto SMemAlloc = reinterpret_cast<SMemAllocFn>(
         Offsets::FUN_STORM_SMEM_ALLOC);
     const size_t totalSize = entry->size + extraBytes;
     void *buf = SMemAlloc(totalSize, __FILE__, __LINE__, 0);

src/addons/EngineIO.h

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+// This file is part of ClassicAPI.
+//
+// ClassicAPI is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms
+// of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation, either
+// version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// ClassicAPI is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
+// WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
+// PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
+// ClassicAPI. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <cstddef>
+
+// One home for the engine file-I/O and Storm-allocator function-pointer types
+// the addon modules call. These are ABI-critical: FUN_FILE_READ /
+// FUN_FILE_EXISTS / the Storm allocator are all `__stdcall` (callee cleans the
+// stack), and declaring one `__cdecl` by mistake drifts ESP a few bytes per
+// call and kills the process with no crash log. The shape lived in ~6 copies
+// across the addon files; centralize it so the convention cannot drift.
+namespace AddOns::EngineIO {
+
+// FUN_FILE_READ (0x00648620) — __stdcall, callee cleans 28 bytes (RET 0x1C).
+// arg0 is an optional archive handle (0 = merged VFS); outSize may be null.
+using FileReadFn = int(__stdcall *)(int unused, const char *path, void **outBuf,
+                                    size_t *outSize, size_t extraBytes,
+                                    int flag1, int flag2);
+
+// FUN_FILE_EXISTS (0x00648A30) — __stdcall, RET 8.
+using FileExistsFn = int(__stdcall *)(const char *path, int mode);
+
+// FUN_STORM_SMEM_ALLOC / FUN_STORM_SMEM_FREE — __stdcall, RET 0x10. Buffers
+// FUN_FILE_READ hands out are freed with SMemFreeFn; a buffer we allocate with
+// SMemAllocFn is freed cleanly by the engine's own SMemFree in turn.
+using SMemAllocFn = void *(__stdcall *)(size_t size, const char *file, int line, int flags);
+using SMemFreeFn = void(__stdcall *)(void *buf, const char *file, int line, int flags);
+
+} // namespace AddOns::EngineIO

src/addons/FlavorBindings.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,130 @@
+// This file is part of ClassicAPI.
+//
+// ClassicAPI is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms
+// of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation, either
+// version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// ClassicAPI is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
+// WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
+// PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
+// ClassicAPI. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+#include "addons/EngineIO.h"
+#include "addons/FlavorBindings.h"
+#include "addons/Toc.h"
+
+#include "Game.h"
+#include "Offsets.h"
+#include "turtle/Detect.h"
+
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <cstring>
+
+namespace AddOns::FlavorBindings {
+
+namespace {
+
+using AddOns::Toc::EqCI;
+using AddOns::Toc::Lower;
+
+constexpr size_t NPOS = static_cast<size_t>(-1);
+
+// If `path` is an addon Bindings read (`…\AddOns\<Name>\Bindings.xml`, CI),
+// return the length of the prefix up to the `Bindings.xml` filename (so a
+// flavor filename can be appended in its place); else NPOS.
+size_t AddonBindingsPrefix(const char *path) {
+    if (path == nullptr) return NPOS;
+    const size_t len = std::strlen(path);
+    const char *kFile = "bindings.xml"; // 12 chars, compared case-insensitively
+    const size_t flen = 12;
+    if (len < flen + 1) return NPOS;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < flen; ++i)
+        if (Lower(path[len - flen + i]) != kFile[i]) return NPOS;
+    const size_t prefixLen = len - flen;
+    if (path[prefixLen - 1] != '\\' && path[prefixLen - 1] != '/')
+        return NPOS; // "Bindings.xml" must be a whole path segment
+    for (size_t i = 0; i + 8 <= len; ++i)
+        if (EqCI(path + i, 8, "\\AddOns\\")) return prefixLen;
+    return NPOS;
+}
+
+// Write `<prefix><flavorFile>` (e.g. `…\AddOns\Foo\Bindings_Turtle.xml`) into
+// `out`. Returns false if it would not fit.
+bool BuildFlavorPath(const char *path, size_t prefixLen, const char *flavorFile,
+                     char *out, size_t outSize) {
+    const size_t flen = std::strlen(flavorFile);
+    if (prefixLen + flen + 1 > outSize) return false;
+    std::memcpy(out, path, prefixLen);
+    std::memcpy(out + prefixLen, flavorFile, flen + 1); // incl. NUL
+    return true;
+}
+
+// Fills `order` with the flavor filenames to probe, most specific first, and
+// returns the count. `Bindings_Turtle.xml` only on a Turtle client.
+int FlavorOrder(const char *(&order)[2]) {
+    int count = 0;
+    if (Turtle::Detected())
+        order[count++] = "Bindings_Turtle.xml";
+    order[count++] = "Bindings_ClassicAPI.xml";
+    return count;
+}
+
+// Engine file-exists probe FUN_00648a30 — __stdcall(path, mode) (RET 8).
+using EngineIO::FileExistsFn;
+FileExistsFn g_origExists = nullptr;
+
+// Co-hook the exists-check so `Interface\AddOns\<Name>\Bindings.xml` reports as
+// existing when the base file is absent but a flavor variant is present — so
+// the loader (`FUN_004b6f70`, then our TryHandle redirect) runs for a
+// flavor-only addon. Every non-Bindings path passes straight through.
+int __stdcall FileExists_h(const char *path, int mode) {
+    const size_t prefixLen = AddonBindingsPrefix(path);
+    if (prefixLen == NPOS)
+        return g_origExists(path, mode);
+
+    if (g_origExists(path, mode) != 0)
+        return 1; // the plain Bindings.xml exists
+
+    const char *order[2];
+    const int count = FlavorOrder(order);
+    char cand[512];
+    for (int i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
+        if (BuildFlavorPath(path, prefixLen, order[i], cand, sizeof cand) &&
+            g_origExists(cand, mode) != 0)
+            return 1;
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
+const Game::HookAutoRegister _hookExists{
+    Offsets::FUN_FILE_EXISTS,
+    reinterpret_cast<void *>(&FileExists_h),
+    reinterpret_cast<void **>(&g_origExists)};
+
+} // namespace
+
+bool TryHandle(int unused, const char *path, void **outBuf, size_t *outSize,
+               size_t extraBytes, int flag1, int flag2, FileReadFn orig) {
+    const size_t prefixLen = AddonBindingsPrefix(path);
+    if (prefixLen == NPOS)
+        return false;
+
+    const char *order[2];
+    const int count = FlavorOrder(order);
+    char cand[512];
+    for (int i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
+        if (!BuildFlavorPath(path, prefixLen, order[i], cand, sizeof cand))
+            continue;
+        // Serve the flavor file in place of Bindings.xml (a selected flavor
+        // wins over a plain Bindings.xml). No recursion: `orig` is the original
+        // reader passed by the FUN_FILE_READ hook.
+        if (orig(unused, cand, outBuf, outSize, extraBytes, flag1, flag2) != 0)
+            return true;
+    }
+    return false; // no flavor variant — caller reads the base Bindings.xml
+}
+
+} // namespace AddOns::FlavorBindings

src/addons/FlavorBindings.h

@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+// This file is part of ClassicAPI.
+//
+// ClassicAPI is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms
+// of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation, either
+// version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// ClassicAPI is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
+// WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
+// PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
+// ClassicAPI. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <cstddef>
+
+#include "addons/EngineIO.h"
+
+namespace AddOns::FlavorBindings {
+
+using EngineIO::FileReadFn;
+
+// Flavor-specific addon Bindings selection — the Bindings.xml analog of
+// AddOns::FlavorToc.
+//
+// A modern addon can ship a flavor-specific keybinding file
+// (`Bindings_Turtle.xml` / `Bindings_ClassicAPI.xml`) instead of / alongside a
+// plain `Bindings.xml`. The per-addon loader `FUN_0051f240` only ever builds
+// `Interface\AddOns\<Name>\Bindings.xml`, gates it on an exists-check
+// (`FUN_00648a30`), and — when that passes — loads it via `FUN_004b6f70`, which
+// reads the file through `FUN_FILE_READ`. Two pieces make flavor files work:
+//
+//   1. This TryHandle, called from the FUN_FILE_READ hook: when `path` is an
+//      addon `…\AddOns\<Name>\Bindings.xml` read, serve a flavor variant in its
+//      place if one exists (a selected flavor wins over a plain `Bindings.xml`,
+//      matching FlavorToc). Probe order `Bindings_Turtle.xml` (only when
+//      Turtle::Detected) then `Bindings_ClassicAPI.xml`.
+//   2. A co-hook on the exists-check `FUN_00648a30` (inside FlavorBindings.cpp):
+//      report `Bindings.xml` as existing when the base is absent but a flavor
+//      variant is present — otherwise the loader is never called for a
+//      flavor-only addon.
+//
+// Only `_Turtle` / `_ClassicAPI` are selected — never `_Vanilla` / `_Classic`
+// (which target the 1.15 Classic Era build; its bindings reference handlers
+// that build defines and this client does not load, so they would bind to
+// missing functions). Both suffixes are ClassicAPI conventions, opt-in by the
+// addon author, and mirror FlavorToc.
+//
+// Returns false when `path` is not an addon Bindings.xml read or no flavor
+// variant exists — the caller then performs the normal base read.
+bool TryHandle(int unused, const char *path, void **outBuf, size_t *outSize,
+               size_t extraBytes, int flag1, int flag2, FileReadFn orig);
+
+} // namespace AddOns::FlavorBindings

src/addons/FlavorToc.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
+// This file is part of ClassicAPI.
+//
+// ClassicAPI is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms
+// of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation, either
+// version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// ClassicAPI is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
+// WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
+// PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
+// ClassicAPI. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+#include "addons/FlavorToc.h"
+
+#include "turtle/Detect.h"
+
+#include <cstring>
+
+namespace AddOns::FlavorToc {
+
+namespace {
+
+// If `path` is `…\AddOns\<Name>\<Name>.toc` (case-insensitive), set `*prefixLen`
+// to the byte length of the path up to and including the base `<Name>` filename
+// (so a `_Vanilla.toc` suffix can be appended in place) and return true.
+bool ParseBaseToc(const char *path, size_t *prefixLen) {
+    const size_t len = std::strlen(path);
+    if (len < 5 || _strnicmp(path + len - 4, ".toc", 4) != 0)
+        return false;
+
+    // Last separator -> "<Name>.toc" file part.
+    size_t lastSep = static_cast<size_t>(-1);
+    for (size_t i = len; i-- > 0;)
+        if (path[i] == '\\' || path[i] == '/') { lastSep = i; break; }
+    if (lastSep == static_cast<size_t>(-1))
+        return false;
+    const char *file = path + lastSep + 1;              // "<Name>.toc"
+    const size_t nameLen = (len - (lastSep + 1)) - 4;   // strip ".toc"
+    if (nameLen == 0)
+        return false;
+
+    // Previous separator -> "<Name>" folder segment; it must equal the base name.
+    size_t prevSep = static_cast<size_t>(-1);
+    for (size_t i = lastSep; i-- > 0;)
+        if (path[i] == '\\' || path[i] == '/') { prevSep = i; break; }
+    if (prevSep == static_cast<size_t>(-1))
+        return false;
+    const char *folder = path + prevSep + 1;
+    const size_t folderLen = lastSep - (prevSep + 1);
+    if (folderLen != nameLen || _strnicmp(folder, file, nameLen) != 0)
+        return false;
+
+    // Grandparent segment must be "AddOns" (so FrameXML/other .toc reads pass through).
+    size_t prev2Sep = static_cast<size_t>(-1);
+    for (size_t i = prevSep; i-- > 0;)
+        if (path[i] == '\\' || path[i] == '/') { prev2Sep = i; break; }
+    if (prev2Sep == static_cast<size_t>(-1))
+        return false;
+    const char *gp = path + prev2Sep + 1;
+    const size_t gpLen = prevSep - (prev2Sep + 1);
+    if (gpLen != 6 || _strnicmp(gp, "AddOns", 6) != 0)
+        return false;
+
+    *prefixLen = lastSep + 1 + nameLen; // "…\AddOns\<Name>\<Name>"
+    return true;
+}
+
+} // namespace
+
+bool TryHandle(int unused, const char *path, void **outBuf, size_t *outSize,
+               size_t extraBytes, int flag1, int flag2, FileReadFn orig) {
+    if (path == nullptr)
+        return false;
+
+    size_t prefixLen = 0;
+    if (!ParseBaseToc(path, &prefixLen))
+        return false;
+
+    char cand[512];
+    if (prefixLen + 16 >= sizeof cand) // "_ClassicAPI.toc" + NUL is 16 (longest)
+        return false;                  // pathological path length — let base read run
+    std::memcpy(cand, path, prefixLen);
+
+    // Only flavors that describe THIS environment, most specific first:
+    //   `_Turtle`     — Turtle client/content, only when Turtle is detected;
+    //   `_ClassicAPI` — 1.12 + ClassicAPI, ALWAYS (ClassicAPI is present by
+    //                   definition — it is the code doing this redirect).
+    // Deliberately NOT `_Vanilla`/`_Classic` (those target the 1.15 Classic Era
+    // client — a modern engine + full modern API — which this 1.12 +
+    // partial-backport client is not), nor `_Mainline`/`_Cata`/etc.
+    const char *order[2];
+    int count = 0;
+    if (Turtle::Detected())
+        order[count++] = "_Turtle.toc";
+    order[count++] = "_ClassicAPI.toc";
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
+        std::memcpy(cand + prefixLen, order[i], std::strlen(order[i]) + 1); // incl. NUL
+        if (orig(unused, cand, outBuf, outSize, extraBytes, flag1, flag2) != 0)
+            return true; // served the flavor TOC in place of the base
+    }
+    // No matching flavor TOC — fall through: the caller reads the base path,
+    // which chains through any other FUN_FILE_READ hooker before the engine.
+    return false;
+}
+
+} // namespace AddOns::FlavorToc

src/addons/FlavorToc.h

@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+// This file is part of ClassicAPI.
+//
+// ClassicAPI is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms
+// of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation, either
+// version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// ClassicAPI is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
+// WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
+// PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
+// ClassicAPI. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <cstddef>
+
+#include "addons/EngineIO.h"
+
+namespace AddOns::FlavorToc {
+
+using EngineIO::FileReadFn;
+
+// Modern-client multi-flavor TOC selection, backported.
+//
+// A modern addon that targets several game flavors from one folder ships
+// `<Name>_Vanilla.toc` / `_Mainline.toc` / `_Cata.toc` / … and often NO plain
+// `<Name>.toc`. Vanilla 1.12 only ever opens `<Name>\<Name>.toc`, so such an
+// addon never registers — it is invisible, not merely mis-loaded.
+//
+// Called from the FUN_FILE_READ hook. If `path` is an addon base-TOC read
+// (`…\AddOns\<Name>\<Name>.toc`), probe the flavor TOCs that describe THIS
+// environment and, if one exists, serve it via `orig` (as if it were the base
+// TOC) and return true. Order, most specific first:
+//   `<Name>_Turtle.toc`     — Turtle client/content, ONLY when Turtle is
+//                             detected (Turtle::Detected); a ClassicAPI extension;
+//   `<Name>_ClassicAPI.toc` — 1.12 + ClassicAPI, ALWAYS (ClassicAPI is present
+//                             by definition — it is the code doing this redirect).
+// Both are ClassicAPI conventions, not retail flavors. We deliberately do NOT
+// map to `_Vanilla`/`_Classic` (those target the 1.15 Classic Era client — a
+// modern engine + full modern API — which a 1.12 + partial-backport client is
+// not), nor `_Mainline`/`_Cata`/etc. A selected flavor wins over an existing
+// base `<Name>.toc`. If neither flavor exists, TryHandle returns false and the
+// caller does the normal base read — which chains through any other DLL that
+// hooked FUN_FILE_READ before reaching the engine.
+//
+// The redirect fires at BOTH the registration scan (glue/char-select) and the
+// in-world load pass, which must agree on the flavor. `Turtle::Detected()` is
+// therefore consistent across both: it reads the in-world `TURTLE_WOW_VERSION`
+// global AND Turtle's glue-time `TURTLE_*` GlueXML globals, so it returns true
+// at the glue scan too (see turtle/Detect.h).
+//
+// Returns false when `path` is not a base-TOC read, or no vanilla flavor TOC
+// exists — the caller then performs the normal base read. Because the redirect
+// is at the read layer, the addon scan (FUN_0051C9B0), the load pass
+// (FUN_006edb90) and GetAddOnMetadata all see the same selected TOC.
+bool TryHandle(int unused, const char *path, void **outBuf, size_t *outSize,
+               size_t extraBytes, int flag1, int flag2, FileReadFn orig);
+
+} // namespace AddOns::FlavorToc

src/addons/LocalTable.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,132 @@
+// This file is part of ClassicAPI.
+//
+// ClassicAPI is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms
+// of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation, either
+// version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// ClassicAPI is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
+// WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
+// PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
+// ClassicAPI. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+// `C_AddOns.GetAddOnLocalTable(name)` — the public, gated view of an addon's
+// private namespace table (the `local _, addonTable = ...` second vararg the
+// transpiler injects; see luasyntax/AddonNamespace.h).
+//
+// Retail added this in 11.0 alongside the `## AllowAddOnTableAccess` TOC
+// directive: one addon can read another's local table ONLY when the target
+// opts in. We mirror that gate:
+//   1. the named addon is currently LOADED, and
+//   2. its `.toc` declares `## AllowAddOnTableAccess: 1`.
+// Either check failing returns nil. The internal preamble path (an addon
+// receiving its OWN table) is a different, ungated function (`__addonns`) —
+// an addon never needs permission for its own namespace.
+//
+// Directive spelling verified against the 1.15.8 Classic Era binary (both the
+// `AllowAddOnTableAccess:` TOC key and the `GetAddOnLocalTable` name are
+// present there). The vanilla 1.12 TOC parser drops unknown `##` directives,
+// so we scan the `.toc` ourselves via `FUN_FILE_READ`.
+
+#include "Game.h"
+#include "Offsets.h"
+#include "addons/EngineIO.h"
+#include "addons/Toc.h"
+#include "luasyntax/AddonNamespace.h"
+
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <cstdio>
+
+namespace AddOns::LocalTable {
+
+namespace {
+
+// IS_LOADED is a by-name hash lookup returning the loaded byte (`entry+0x18`);
+// passing the name string works because the lookup hashes it. See Offsets.h.
+using IsLoadedFn_t = uint8_t(__fastcall *)(const char *name);
+
+// FUN_FILE_READ / the Storm free (see addons/EngineIO.h). Calling the raw
+// FUN_FILE_READ address routes through Embedded's file-read hook, which forwards
+// every non-`!!!ClassicAPI` path to the original untouched — what we want here.
+using AddOns::EngineIO::FileReadFn;
+using AddOns::EngineIO::SMemFreeFn;
+
+// True iff the addon's `.toc` has a line `## AllowAddOnTableAccess: <nonzero>`.
+// The value is read as a TOC boolean flag: parse the leading integer, true iff
+// non-zero (so `1` opts in, `0`/absent do not) — matching WoW's numeric TOC
+// flag semantics. Not cached: GetAddOnLocalTable is not a hot path.
+bool TocAllowsTableAccess(const char *name) {
+    // A registered, loaded addon name never carries a path separator; reject
+    // any that does so the read stays bounded to the addon's own folder.
+    for (const char *p = name; *p; ++p)
+        if (*p == '\\' || *p == '/')
+            return false;
+
+    char path[300];
+    std::snprintf(path, sizeof path, "Interface\\AddOns\\%s\\%s.toc", name, name);
+
+    void *buf = nullptr;
+    size_t size = 0;
+    auto fileRead = reinterpret_cast<FileReadFn>(Offsets::FUN_FILE_READ);
+    if (fileRead(0, path, &buf, &size, 1, 1, 0) == 0 || buf == nullptr)
+        return false;
+
+    const char *v = nullptr;
+    size_t n = 0;
+    bool allowed = false;
+    if (AddOns::Toc::FindValue(static_cast<const char *>(buf), size,
+                               "## AllowAddOnTableAccess:", &v, &n)) {
+        int value = 0;
+        bool anyDigit = false;
+        for (size_t k = 0; k < n && v[k] >= '0' && v[k] <= '9'; ++k) {
+            value = value * 10 + (v[k] - '0');
+            anyDigit = true;
+        }
+        allowed = anyDigit && value != 0;
+    }
+
+    auto smemFree = reinterpret_cast<SMemFreeFn>(Offsets::FUN_STORM_SMEM_FREE);
+    smemFree(buf, __FILE__, __LINE__, 0);
+    return allowed;
+}
+
+// `C_AddOns.GetAddOnLocalTable(name)` -> table, or nil.
+//
+// Name (string) input only — the local table is a by-name concept (one addon
+// asking for another by name), and the namespace map is name-keyed. Numeric
+// index is not accepted (returns nil); no addon references another's table by
+// load order.
+int __fastcall Script_GetAddOnLocalTable(void *L) {
+    const char *name = Game::Lua::ToString(L, 1);
+    if (name == nullptr || *name == '\0') {
+        Game::Lua::PushNil(L);
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    auto isLoaded = reinterpret_cast<IsLoadedFn_t>(Offsets::FUN_ADDON_IS_LOADED);
+    if (isLoaded(name) == 0) { // not loaded (covers "does not exist")
+        Game::Lua::PushNil(L);
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    if (!TocAllowsTableAccess(name)) { // opted out / no directive
+        Game::Lua::PushNil(L);
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    LuaSyntax::PushAddonNamespace(L, name);
+    return 1;
+}
+
+void RegisterLuaFunctions() {
+    Game::Lua::RegisterTableFunction("C_AddOns", "GetAddOnLocalTable",
+                                     &Script_GetAddOnLocalTable);
+}
+
+const Game::ModuleAutoRegister _autoreg{&RegisterLuaFunctions};
+
+} // namespace
+
+} // namespace AddOns::LocalTable

src/addons/SavedVarsFirst.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,270 @@
+// This file is part of ClassicAPI.
+//
+// ClassicAPI is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms
+// of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation, either
+// version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// ClassicAPI is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
+// WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
+// PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
+// ClassicAPI. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+// `## LoadSavedVariablesFirst: 1` — modern TOC directive, backported.
+//
+// Retail loads a flagged addon's SavedVariables BEFORE its Lua runs, so
+// file-scope code (`local db = MyAddonDB`) sees restored config immediately.
+// Vanilla 1.12 always does the opposite: the per-addon loader `FUN_0051f240`
+// runs the addon's files (`FUN_ADDON_LOAD_FILES`), THEN loads SavedVariables,
+// THEN fires `ADDON_LOADED`. So file-scope SV is always nil, and vanilla never
+// parses the directive at all.
+//
+// We co-hook `FUN_ADDON_LOAD_FILES` (the per-addon file load, once per addon,
+// in-world). For an addon whose TOC declares `## LoadSavedVariablesFirst`
+// (nonzero), load its SavedVariables first — mirroring the engine's OWN path
+// construction two steps later in `FUN_0051f240` (verified by disassembly):
+//   account : WTF\Account\<account>\SavedVariables\<Name>.lua
+//   per-char: WTF\Account\<account>\<realm>\<character>\SavedVariables\<Name>.lua,
+//             falling back to WTF\Account\<account>\<character>\SavedVariables\<Name>.lua
+// (account = *VAR_ACCOUNT_NAME_PTR, realm = FUN_GET_REALM_NAME,
+// character = FUN_GET_LOGIN_ACCOUNT_NAME) — then call the original so the
+// files run with SV present. `FUN_LUA_LOAD_FILE` no-ops on a missing file, and
+// `FUN_FILE_EXISTS` picks the same per-char variant the engine would.
+//
+// The engine STILL runs its own SavedVariables load at the normal step, right
+// after the files. Left alone, that re-load would overwrite any value the
+// addon wrote to its SavedVariable at file scope before ADDON_LOADED. So we
+// also co-hook FUN_LUA_LOAD_FILE and suppress that one redundant re-load: each
+// path we pre-load is remembered, and the engine's imminent load of that exact
+// path is skipped once. This makes the behavior match true
+// LoadSavedVariablesFirst — file-scope reads AND writes both survive. Our own
+// early load calls the trampoline directly, so it is never self-suppressed.
+// FUN_LUA_LOAD_FILE loads FILES only (not RunScript string execution), so the
+// extra hook is a cold, addon-load-time path.
+
+#include "Game.h"
+#include "Offsets.h"
+#include "addons/EngineIO.h"
+#include "addons/Toc.h"
+
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace AddOns::SavedVarsFirst {
+
+namespace {
+
+constexpr size_t NPOS = static_cast<size_t>(-1);
+
+// Engine file I/O via the hooked FUN_FILE_READ (so a flavor TOC's flag is read —
+// FlavorToc applies), the exists-check, and the Storm free. See addons/EngineIO.h.
+using AddOns::EngineIO::FileExistsFn;
+using AddOns::EngineIO::FileReadFn;
+using AddOns::EngineIO::SMemFreeFn;
+using LoadTocFilesFn = uint32_t(__fastcall *)(char *tocPath, int *a2, int *a3);
+using LuaLoadFileFn = uint32_t(__fastcall *)(const char *path, void *a2, void *a3);
+using NameFn = const char *(*)(); // no-arg readers (return in EAX)
+
+LoadTocFilesFn g_orig = nullptr;
+LuaLoadFileFn g_origLuaLoad = nullptr;
+
+// Full SV paths we pre-loaded whose imminent engine re-load must be skipped
+// once. Populated in LoadSavedVarsEarly, drained by LuaLoad_h. Only ever holds
+// a handful of entries (one addon's SV files, briefly). Main-thread only.
+std::vector<std::string> g_pendingSuppress;
+
+using AddOns::Toc::EqCI;
+using AddOns::Toc::Lower;
+
+bool SamePathCI(const char *a, const char *b) {
+    for (; *a != '\0' && *b != '\0'; ++a, ++b)
+        if (Lower(*a) != Lower(*b)) return false;
+    return *a == *b;
+}
+
+// Extract "<Name>" from an addon base-TOC path `…\AddOns\<Name>\<Name>.toc`.
+// Returns false for anything else (FrameXML.toc, nested paths, …) so the
+// SavedVariables reorder only touches real addon loads.
+bool AddonNameFromToc(const char *path, char *out, size_t outSize) {
+    const size_t len = std::strlen(path);
+    if (len < 4 || !(path[len - 4] == '.' && Lower(path[len - 3]) == 't' &&
+                     Lower(path[len - 2]) == 'o' && Lower(path[len - 1]) == 'c'))
+        return false;
+    size_t lastSep = NPOS;
+    for (size_t i = len; i-- > 0;)
+        if (path[i] == '\\' || path[i] == '/') { lastSep = i; break; }
+    if (lastSep == NPOS) return false;
+    size_t prevSep = NPOS;
+    for (size_t i = lastSep; i-- > 0;)
+        if (path[i] == '\\' || path[i] == '/') { prevSep = i; break; }
+    if (prevSep == NPOS) return false;
+    size_t gpSep = NPOS;
+    for (size_t i = prevSep; i-- > 0;)
+        if (path[i] == '\\' || path[i] == '/') { gpSep = i; break; }
+    if (gpSep == NPOS) return false;
+    if (prevSep - (gpSep + 1) != 6 || !EqCI(path + gpSep + 1, 6, "AddOns"))
+        return false;
+    const size_t nameLen = lastSep - (prevSep + 1);
+    if (nameLen == 0 || nameLen + 1 > outSize) return false;
+    std::memcpy(out, path + prevSep + 1, nameLen);
+    out[nameLen] = '\0';
+    return true;
+}
+
+// True iff the leading integer of a TOC value is nonzero (WoW numeric flag).
+bool NonzeroFlag(const char *v, size_t n) {
+    long val = 0;
+    bool digit = false;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < n && v[i] >= '0' && v[i] <= '9'; ++i) {
+        val = val * 10 + (v[i] - '0');
+        digit = true;
+    }
+    return digit && val != 0;
+}
+
+// The SavedVariables directives that decide what LoadSavedVarsEarly does.
+struct SvFlags {
+    bool first = false;   // `## LoadSavedVariablesFirst:` is nonzero
+    bool account = false; // `## SavedVariables:` declares at least one variable
+    bool perChar = false; // `## SavedVariablesPerCharacter:` declares at least one
+};
+
+// Read the addon's TOC once (through the hooked FUN_FILE_READ, so a flavor
+// TOC's directives are honored) and extract the three flags above.
+SvFlags ReadSvFlags(const char *tocPath) {
+    SvFlags f;
+    auto FileRead =
+        reinterpret_cast<FileReadFn>(static_cast<uintptr_t>(Offsets::FUN_FILE_READ));
+    void *buf = nullptr;
+    size_t size = 0;
+    if (FileRead(0, tocPath, &buf, &size, 1, 1, 0) == 0 || buf == nullptr)
+        return f;
+    const char *b = static_cast<const char *>(buf);
+
+    const char *v = nullptr;
+    size_t n = 0;
+    if (AddOns::Toc::FindValue(b, size, "## LoadSavedVariablesFirst:", &v, &n))
+        f.first = NonzeroFlag(v, n);
+    // Gate each SV file on the DECLARATION, not mere file existence — mirroring
+    // the engine, which loads the account file iff `## SavedVariables` is
+    // declared and the per-char file iff `## SavedVariablesPerCharacter` is.
+    // (The trailing `:` keeps "## SavedVariables:" from matching the
+    // "## SavedVariablesPerCharacter:" line.) Otherwise a stale SV file from a
+    // scope the addon no longer declares would be executed early — Lua the
+    // engine never runs — and queued for a suppression the engine never drains.
+    f.account = AddOns::Toc::FindValue(b, size, "## SavedVariables:", &v, &n) && n > 0;
+    f.perChar =
+        AddOns::Toc::FindValue(b, size, "## SavedVariablesPerCharacter:", &v, &n) && n > 0;
+
+    reinterpret_cast<SMemFreeFn>(static_cast<uintptr_t>(Offsets::FUN_STORM_SMEM_FREE))(
+        buf, __FILE__, __LINE__, 0);
+    return f;
+}
+
+bool FileExists(const char *path) {
+    return reinterpret_cast<FileExistsFn>(
+               static_cast<uintptr_t>(Offsets::FUN_FILE_EXISTS))(path, 1) != 0;
+}
+
+// Load a SavedVariables file we found, then mark its path so the engine's own
+// re-load of it (right after the addon's files) is suppressed — preserving any
+// file-scope write. Calls the trampoline directly so this load is never itself
+// suppressed by our LuaLoad_h hook.
+void RunLuaFile(const char *path) {
+    if (g_origLuaLoad == nullptr)
+        return;
+    g_origLuaLoad(path, nullptr, nullptr);
+    g_pendingSuppress.emplace_back(path);
+}
+
+// Load the addon's SavedVariables early, mirroring FUN_0051f240's own paths.
+// Each scope loads only when its directive is declared (`hasAccount` /
+// `hasPerChar`) AND the file exists — exactly what the engine's own SV step
+// would re-load, so every suppress entry we queue is later drained.
+void LoadSavedVarsEarly(const char *addonName, bool hasAccount, bool hasPerChar) {
+    const char *account = *reinterpret_cast<const char *const *>(
+        static_cast<uintptr_t>(Offsets::VAR_ACCOUNT_NAME_PTR));
+    if (account == nullptr || *account == '\0')
+        return;
+
+    char path[260];
+
+    // Account-wide (`## SavedVariables`).
+    if (hasAccount) {
+        std::snprintf(path, sizeof path, "WTF\\Account\\%s\\SavedVariables\\%s.lua",
+                      account, addonName);
+        if (FileExists(path))
+            RunLuaFile(path);
+    }
+
+    // Per-character (`## SavedVariablesPerCharacter`): prefer the realm-scoped
+    // file, else the realm-less one — the engine's own fallback order.
+    if (!hasPerChar)
+        return;
+    const char *character = reinterpret_cast<NameFn>(
+        static_cast<uintptr_t>(Offsets::FUN_GET_LOGIN_ACCOUNT_NAME))();
+    if (character == nullptr || *character == '\0')
+        return;
+    const char *realm = reinterpret_cast<NameFn>(
+        static_cast<uintptr_t>(Offsets::FUN_GET_REALM_NAME))();
+
+    if (realm != nullptr && *realm != '\0') {
+        std::snprintf(path, sizeof path,
+                      "WTF\\Account\\%s\\%s\\%s\\SavedVariables\\%s.lua", account,
+                      realm, character, addonName);
+        if (FileExists(path)) {
+            RunLuaFile(path);
+            return;
+        }
+    }
+    std::snprintf(path, sizeof path, "WTF\\Account\\%s\\%s\\SavedVariables\\%s.lua",
+                  account, character, addonName);
+    if (FileExists(path))
+        RunLuaFile(path);
+}
+
+uint32_t __fastcall LoadTocFiles_h(char *tocPath, int *a2, int *a3) {
+    char name[128];
+    if (tocPath != nullptr && AddonNameFromToc(tocPath, name, sizeof name)) {
+        const SvFlags f = ReadSvFlags(tocPath);
+        if (f.first)
+            LoadSavedVarsEarly(name, f.account, f.perChar);
+    }
+    return g_orig(tocPath, a2, a3);
+}
+
+// Skip the engine's one redundant SavedVariables re-load per pre-loaded path.
+// Every other file load passes straight through. Match is by full path
+// (case-insensitive); a path is suppressed exactly once, so nothing else is
+// affected. Our own early load bypasses this via the trampoline.
+uint32_t __fastcall LuaLoad_h(const char *path, void *a2, void *a3) {
+    if (path != nullptr) {
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < g_pendingSuppress.size(); ++i) {
+            if (SamePathCI(g_pendingSuppress[i].c_str(), path)) {
+                g_pendingSuppress.erase(g_pendingSuppress.begin() +
+                                        static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(i));
+                return 0; // suppress — the addon's file-scope SV writes survive
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    return g_origLuaLoad(path, a2, a3);
+}
+
+const Game::HookAutoRegister _hook{
+    Offsets::FUN_ADDON_LOAD_FILES,
+    reinterpret_cast<void *>(&LoadTocFiles_h),
+    reinterpret_cast<void **>(&g_orig)};
+
+const Game::HookAutoRegister _hookLua{
+    Offsets::FUN_LUA_LOAD_FILE,
+    reinterpret_cast<void *>(&LuaLoad_h),
+    reinterpret_cast<void **>(&g_origLuaLoad)};
+
+} // namespace
+
+} // namespace AddOns::SavedVarsFirst

src/addons/Toc.h

@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+// This file is part of ClassicAPI.
+//
+// ClassicAPI is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms
+// of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation, either
+// version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// ClassicAPI is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
+// WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
+// PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
+// ClassicAPI. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <cstring>
+
+namespace AddOns::Toc {
+
+// Fold an ASCII letter to lower case (leaves every other byte unchanged).
+inline char Lower(char c) {
+    return (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z') ? static_cast<char>(c + 32) : c;
+}
+
+// Case-insensitive equality of the `n` bytes at `s` against the NUL-terminated
+// `lit` (ASCII). True only when the lengths match too. Shared by the addon
+// modules that scan `…\AddOns\<Name>\…` paths and TOC directive lines.
+inline bool EqCI(const char *s, size_t n, const char *lit) {
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < n; ++i)
+        if (lit[i] == '\0' || Lower(s[i]) != Lower(lit[i]))
+            return false;
+    return lit[n] == '\0';
+}
+
+// Scans an in-memory TOC buffer for `directive` (the full line prefix, e.g.
+// "## Version:") at a line start, case-insensitively, and returns the value
+// that follows via out-params: [*valStart, *valStart + *valLen), trimmed of
+// leading and trailing spaces/tabs and excluding the CR/LF/EOF terminator.
+// Returns false (out-params untouched) when the directive is absent. Pure —
+// reads no files; the caller owns the buffer (via FUN_FILE_READ, or an embedded
+// copy). Shared by addons/LocalTable.cpp (AllowAddOnTableAccess) and
+// addons/Embedded.cpp (Version) so the line-scan lives in one place.
+inline bool FindValue(const char *buf, size_t size, const char *directive,
+                      const char **valStart, size_t *valLen) {
+    const size_t dlen = std::strlen(directive);
+    if (dlen == 0)
+        return false;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i + dlen <= size; ++i) {
+        const bool atLineStart = (i == 0) || buf[i - 1] == '\n';
+        if (!atLineStart || _strnicmp(buf + i, directive, dlen) != 0)
+            continue;
+        const char *p = buf + i + dlen;
+        const char *end = buf + size;
+        while (p < end && (*p == ' ' || *p == '\t'))
+            ++p;
+        const char *v = p;
+        while (p < end && *p != '\r' && *p != '\n')
+            ++p;
+        while (p > v && (p[-1] == ' ' || p[-1] == '\t'))
+            --p;
+        *valStart = v;
+        *valLen = static_cast<size_t>(p - v);
+        return true;
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+
+} // namespace AddOns::Toc

src/addons/TocRewrite.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,297 @@
+// This file is part of ClassicAPI.
+//
+// ClassicAPI is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms
+// of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation, either
+// version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// ClassicAPI is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
+// WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
+// PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
+// ClassicAPI. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+#include "addons/EngineIO.h"
+#include "addons/TocRewrite.h"
+#include "addons/Toc.h"
+
+#include "Offsets.h"
+
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <string>
+
+namespace AddOns::TocRewrite {
+
+namespace {
+
+using AddOns::EngineIO::SMemAllocFn;
+using AddOns::EngineIO::SMemFreeFn;
+using AddOns::Toc::EqCI;
+using AddOns::Toc::Lower;
+
+bool IsSpace(char c) { return c == ' ' || c == '\t'; }
+
+// The client locale code ("enUS", "frFR", …) — the exact string
+// GetLocale() returns (Offsets.h VAR_LOCALE_NAME_TABLE derivation).
+const char *ClientLocale() {
+    uint32_t idx = *reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t *>(
+        static_cast<uintptr_t>(Offsets::VAR_LOCALE_INDEX));
+    if (idx > 7) idx = 0; // slot 8 overreads the string pool — clamp
+    const char *const *table = reinterpret_cast<const char *const *>(
+        static_cast<uintptr_t>(Offsets::VAR_LOCALE_NAME_TABLE));
+    const char *s = table[idx];
+    return (s != nullptr) ? s : "enUS";
+}
+
+// True iff the comma-separated `list` (spaces allowed) contains `token` (CI).
+bool ListContains(const char *list, size_t listLen, const char *token) {
+    size_t i = 0;
+    while (i < listLen) {
+        while (i < listLen && (IsSpace(list[i]) || list[i] == ',')) ++i;
+        const size_t start = i;
+        while (i < listLen && list[i] != ',') ++i;
+        size_t end = i; // [start, end) is one item, maybe with trailing space
+        while (end > start && IsSpace(list[end - 1])) --end;
+        if (end > start && EqCI(list + start, end - start, token)) return true;
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+
+// A single-word `[Token]` variable expansion, or nullptr if `head` is not
+// a known variable. This 1.12 + ClassicAPI client is the Classic family,
+// the Vanilla game type, and whatever the client text locale is.
+const char *VariableValue(const char *head, size_t headLen) {
+    if (EqCI(head, headLen, "Family")) return "Classic";
+    if (EqCI(head, headLen, "Game")) return "Vanilla";
+    if (EqCI(head, headLen, "TextLocale")) return ClientLocale();
+    return nullptr;
+}
+
+// The client interface version the loadability check compares against
+// (FUN_0051d7d0 -> 0x2BC0 = 11200). Read live so we mirror the engine's own
+// value rather than hardcoding it.
+using ClientIfaceVer_t = uint32_t(__cdecl *)();
+uint32_t ClientInterfaceVersion() {
+    return reinterpret_cast<ClientIfaceVer_t>(
+        static_cast<uintptr_t>(Offsets::FUN_ADDON_CLIENT_INTERFACE_VERSION))();
+}
+
+// If `line` is a `## Interface:` directive whose value is a comma-list that
+// contains the client version but does NOT lead with it, append a normalized
+// `<prefix>: <clientVersion>` line to `out` and return true. Vanilla's parser
+// reads only the first number, so without this a later 11200 is never seen and
+// the addon is marked out of date. Returns false for any other line, and for
+// an interface line that needs no change (single value, no client version, or
+// client version already first) — the caller then copies the line verbatim.
+bool TryRewriteInterfaceLine(const char *line, size_t len, std::string &out) {
+    size_t s = 0;
+    while (s < len && IsSpace(line[s])) ++s;
+    if (s + 1 >= len || line[s] != '#' || line[s + 1] != '#') return false;
+    size_t p = s + 2;
+    while (p < len && IsSpace(line[p])) ++p;
+    static const char kKey[] = "interface"; // matched case-insensitively
+    const size_t klen = 9;
+    if (p + klen > len) return false;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < klen; ++i)
+        if (Lower(line[p + i]) != kKey[i]) return false;
+    p += klen;
+    while (p < len && IsSpace(line[p])) ++p;
+    if (p >= len || line[p] != ':') return false;
+    ++p;                       // past ':'
+    const size_t prefixEnd = p; // "## Interface:" (author spacing preserved)
+
+    const uint32_t client = ClientInterfaceVersion();
+    long first = -1;
+    bool hasComma = false, hasClient = false;
+    size_t q = p;
+    while (q < len) {
+        while (q < len && (IsSpace(line[q]) || line[q] == ',')) {
+            if (line[q] == ',') hasComma = true;
+            ++q;
+        }
+        long v = 0;
+        bool digit = false;
+        while (q < len && line[q] >= '0' && line[q] <= '9') {
+            v = v * 10 + (line[q] - '0');
+            ++q;
+            digit = true;
+        }
+        if (digit) {
+            if (first < 0) first = v;
+            if (static_cast<uint32_t>(v) == client) hasClient = true;
+        } else if (q < len) {
+            ++q; // skip a stray non-digit so the scan always advances
+        }
+    }
+    if (!hasComma || !hasClient || first == static_cast<long>(client))
+        return false; // single value / no client version / already first
+
+    out.append(line, prefixEnd);
+    out.push_back(' ');
+    out += std::to_string(client);
+    return true;
+}
+
+// Evaluate a `[keyword args]` condition — the return is whether the line should
+// load. An unrecognized keyword returns false so the caller drops the line (a
+// condition we cannot confirm must not load — fail safe).
+bool EvalCondition(const char *head, size_t headLen, const char *args,
+                   size_t argsLen) {
+    if (EqCI(head, headLen, "AllowLoadGameType"))
+        return ListContains(args, argsLen, "vanilla");
+    if (EqCI(head, headLen, "AllowLoadTextLocale"))
+        return ListContains(args, argsLen, ClientLocale());
+    if (EqCI(head, headLen, "AllowLoad"))
+        return ListContains(args, argsLen, "game"); // addon files: in-game only
+    return false;
+}
+
+// Rewrite one file-reference line into `out`: expand `[Variable]` tokens,
+// evaluate and strip `[Condition]` directives. Returns true to KEEP the
+// line (all conditions passed); on true `out` holds the cleaned,
+// right-trimmed path.
+bool ProcessFileLine(const char *line, size_t len, std::string &out) {
+    out.clear();
+    bool keep = true;
+    size_t i = 0;
+    while (i < len) {
+        const char c = line[i];
+        if (c != '[') {
+            out.push_back(c);
+            ++i;
+            continue;
+        }
+        size_t close = i + 1;
+        while (close < len && line[close] != ']') ++close;
+        if (close >= len) { // unterminated '[' — copy the rest verbatim
+            out.append(line + i, len - i);
+            break;
+        }
+        const char *inner = line + i + 1;
+        const size_t innerLen = close - (i + 1);
+        size_t h = 0;
+        while (h < innerLen && !IsSpace(inner[h])) ++h; // [0,h) = head word
+        size_t a = h;
+        while (a < innerLen && IsSpace(inner[a])) ++a;  // skip separating ws
+        const char *head = inner;
+        const size_t headLen = h;
+        const char *args = inner + a;
+        const size_t argsLen = innerLen - a;
+
+        if (argsLen == 0) {
+            // Single word: a variable to expand, else leave verbatim (an
+            // unknown token becomes a path the engine cannot open — the
+            // file just does not load).
+            const char *val = VariableValue(head, headLen);
+            if (val != nullptr) out.append(val);
+            else out.append(line + i, (close + 1) - i);
+        } else {
+            // Keyword + args: a condition. Strip it from the path (drop a
+            // space we already emitted before it so nothing dangles).
+            keep = keep && EvalCondition(head, headLen, args, argsLen);
+            if (!out.empty() && out.back() == ' ') out.pop_back();
+        }
+        i = close + 1;
+    }
+    while (!out.empty() && IsSpace(out.back())) out.pop_back();
+    return keep;
+}
+
+// Walk the whole TOC, preserving line terminators and any UTF-8 BOM.
+// `#` comment and `##` metadata lines pass through verbatim; only file
+// reference lines are rewritten. A gated-out line becomes a `#` comment
+// so the load loop skips it (and a dumped TOC shows why it was dropped).
+void RebuildToc(const char *src, size_t srcLen, std::string &out) {
+    out.clear();
+    out.reserve(srcLen + 32);
+    size_t i = 0;
+    if (srcLen >= 3 && static_cast<uint8_t>(src[0]) == 0xEF &&
+        static_cast<uint8_t>(src[1]) == 0xBB &&
+        static_cast<uint8_t>(src[2]) == 0xBF) {
+        out.append(src, 3);
+        i = 3;
+    }
+    std::string lineOut;
+    while (i < srcLen) {
+        const size_t lineStart = i;
+        while (i < srcLen && src[i] != '\r' && src[i] != '\n') ++i;
+        const char *line = src + lineStart;
+        const size_t len = i - lineStart;
+
+        const size_t termStart = i;
+        if (i < srcLen && src[i] == '\r') ++i;
+        if (i < srcLen && src[i] == '\n') ++i;
+
+        size_t s = 0;
+        while (s < len && IsSpace(line[s])) ++s;
+        if (s >= len) {
+            out.append(line, len); // blank
+        } else if (line[s] == '#') {
+            // Comment / `##` metadata — verbatim, except a multi-flavor
+            // `## Interface:` list that hides the client version.
+            if (!TryRewriteInterfaceLine(line, len, out))
+                out.append(line, len);
+        } else if (ProcessFileLine(line, len, lineOut)) {
+            out.append(lineOut);
+        } else {
+            out.push_back('#'); // gated out — comment it so the loader skips it
+            out.append(line, len);
+        }
+        out.append(src + termStart, i - termStart);
+    }
+}
+
+// True iff `path` is an addon `.toc` read (…\AddOns\…\*.toc). Gates the
+// rewrite off every non-TOC read (a `.lua` with a `t[1]` subscript would
+// otherwise be mangled) and off non-addon TOCs (FrameXML.toc, etc.).
+bool IsAddonToc(const char *path) {
+    const size_t len = std::strlen(path);
+    if (len < 4) return false;
+    if (!(path[len - 4] == '.' && Lower(path[len - 3]) == 't' &&
+          Lower(path[len - 2]) == 'o' && Lower(path[len - 1]) == 'c'))
+        return false;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i + 8 <= len; ++i)
+        if (EqCI(path + i, 8, "\\addons\\")) return true;
+    return false;
+}
+
+} // namespace
+
+void Transform(const char *path, void **outBuf, size_t *outSize) {
+    if (path == nullptr || outBuf == nullptr || *outBuf == nullptr) return;
+    if (!IsAddonToc(path)) return;
+
+    const char *content = static_cast<const char *>(*outBuf);
+    const size_t size = (outSize != nullptr && *outSize != 0)
+                            ? *outSize
+                            : std::strlen(content);
+    if (size == 0) return;
+
+    // Fast path: no '[' (directives) and no ',' (a possible `## Interface:`
+    // list) means nothing to do — leave the engine buffer alone.
+    if (std::memchr(content, '[', size) == nullptr &&
+        std::memchr(content, ',', size) == nullptr)
+        return;
+
+    std::string rebuilt;
+    RebuildToc(content, size, rebuilt);
+    if (rebuilt.size() == size &&
+        std::memcmp(rebuilt.data(), content, size) == 0)
+        return; // brackets/commas were only in unaffected lines — nothing changed
+
+    auto SMemAlloc = reinterpret_cast<SMemAllocFn>(Offsets::FUN_STORM_SMEM_ALLOC);
+    auto SMemFree = reinterpret_cast<SMemFreeFn>(Offsets::FUN_STORM_SMEM_FREE);
+    const size_t newLen = rebuilt.size();
+    void *buf = SMemAlloc(newLen + 1, __FILE__, __LINE__, 0); // +1 NUL (extraBytes=1)
+    if (buf == nullptr) return;                               // OOM — keep the original
+    std::memcpy(buf, rebuilt.data(), newLen);
+    static_cast<char *>(buf)[newLen] = '\0';
+
+    SMemFree(*outBuf, __FILE__, __LINE__, 0);
+    *outBuf = buf;
+    if (outSize != nullptr) *outSize = newLen;
+}
+
+} // namespace AddOns::TocRewrite

src/addons/TocRewrite.h

@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+// This file is part of ClassicAPI.
+//
+// ClassicAPI is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms
+// of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation, either
+// version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// ClassicAPI is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
+// WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
+// PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
+// ClassicAPI. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <cstddef>
+
+namespace AddOns::TocRewrite {
+
+// Modern-client per-line TOC directives, backported.
+//
+// A single-TOC multi-flavor addon gates individual file lines with
+// conditions and expands path variables:
+//
+//   [Family]\Init.lua                         # -> Classic\Init.lua
+//   Vanilla.lua      [AllowLoadGameType vanilla]
+//   Mainline.lua     [AllowLoadGameType mainline]   # dropped on this client
+//   Localization\[TextLocale].lua             # -> Localization\enUS.lua
+//   deDE.lua         [AllowLoadTextLocale deDE]
+//
+// Vanilla 1.12's TOC parsers never understood any of this. The scan
+// parser (FUN_0051C9B0) reads only `##` metadata; the load pass
+// (FUN_006edb90) hands each non-`#` line to the per-file loader verbatim,
+// where the trailing ` [...]` breaks the extension check and the file
+// silently never loads. `[Variable]` tokens likewise become part of a
+// path that does not exist.
+//
+// This closes the gap at the FUN_FILE_READ layer (alongside FlavorToc /
+// Embedded): after an addon TOC is read, rewrite its file-reference lines
+// so the engine's own load loop sees clean paths. `##` metadata and `#`
+// comment lines are copied verbatim, with ONE exception (`## Interface:`,
+// below); metadata-line conditions, added in retail 12.0.7, are out of
+// scope. What the tokens resolve to on this 1.12 client:
+//
+//   [AllowLoadGameType ...]   keep the line iff the list contains `vanilla`
+//   [AllowLoadTextLocale ...] keep the line iff the list contains the
+//                             client locale (GetLocale() code, e.g. enUS)
+//   [AllowLoad ...]           addon files only load in-game, so `game`
+//                             keeps and `glue` drops
+//   [Family]                  -> Classic
+//   [Game]                    -> Vanilla
+//   [TextLocale]              -> the client locale code
+//
+// All conditions on a line must pass for it to load (AND). An unknown
+// `[keyword args]` condition fails safe (drops the line); an unknown
+// single-word `[Token]` is left verbatim (the engine then fails to find
+// that path, so the file does not load).
+//
+// Multi-flavor `## Interface:` list. Retail lets a TOC list several
+// interface versions (`## Interface: 120100, 50504, 11200`). Vanilla's
+// parser is a plain atoi that reads only the FIRST number, so it never
+// sees a later 11200 and marks the addon out of date. When the client
+// version (FUN_ADDON_CLIENT_INTERFACE_VERSION, 11200) appears anywhere in
+// the list but is not first, the `## Interface:` line is rewritten to that
+// single value so the engine marks the addon compatible. A list WITHOUT
+// the client version is left unchanged — it still parses to its first
+// value and stays out of date, exactly as before.
+//
+// Called from the FUN_FILE_READ hook after the read succeeds. Does
+// nothing unless `path` is an addon `.toc` read AND its content contains a
+// `[` (directives) or a `,` (a possible `## Interface:` list) — the
+// fast-path bail keeps every unaffected TOC zero-copy, and a rebuild that
+// changes nothing is discarded by a content compare. When it does rewrite,
+// it allocates a fresh Storm buffer, frees the original, and updates
+// `*outBuf` / `*outSize` — the caller frees the replacement exactly as it
+// would the engine's own read buffer.
+void Transform(const char *path, void **outBuf, size_t *outSize);
+
+} // namespace AddOns::TocRewrite

src/auctionhouse/PostItem.cpp

@@ -103,14 +103,14 @@ int CGItemCount(const uint8_t *item) {
     auto *desc = Item::ObjectFields(item);
     if (desc == nullptr)
         return 0;
-    return *reinterpret_cast<const int *>(desc + Offsets::OFF_DESCRIPTOR_STACK_COUNT);
+    return Game::Read<int>(desc, Offsets::OFF_DESCRIPTOR_STACK_COUNT);
 }
 
 uint64_t CGItemGuid(const uint8_t *item) {
     auto *inst = Item::InstanceBlock(item);
     if (inst == nullptr)
         return 0;
-    return *reinterpret_cast<const uint64_t *>(inst + Offsets::OFF_INSTANCE_BLOCK_GUID);
+    return Game::Read<uint64_t>(inst, Offsets::OFF_INSTANCE_BLOCK_GUID);
 }
 
 struct SlotInfo {
@@ -135,18 +135,18 @@ SlotInfo ReadSlot(void *L, int bag, int slot) {
 // --- auction-house globals ----------------------------------------------
 
 uint64_t AuctioneerGuid() {
-    const uint32_t lo = *reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t *>(
+    const uint32_t lo = Game::Read<uint32_t>(
         Offsets::VAR_AUCTION_AUCTIONEER_GUID_LO);
-    const uint32_t hi = *reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t *>(
+    const uint32_t hi = Game::Read<uint32_t>(
         Offsets::VAR_AUCTION_AUCTIONEER_GUID_HI);
     return (static_cast<uint64_t>(hi) << 32) | lo;
 }
 bool AHOpen() { return AuctioneerGuid() != 0; }
 
 void SetSellGuid(uint64_t guid) {
-    *reinterpret_cast<uint32_t *>(Offsets::VAR_AUCTION_SELL_GUID_LO) =
+    Game::Ref<uint32_t>(Offsets::VAR_AUCTION_SELL_GUID_LO) =
         static_cast<uint32_t>(guid);
-    *reinterpret_cast<uint32_t *>(Offsets::VAR_AUCTION_SELL_GUID_HI) =
+    Game::Ref<uint32_t>(Offsets::VAR_AUCTION_SELL_GUID_HI) =
         static_cast<uint32_t>(guid >> 32);
 }
 
@@ -181,8 +181,8 @@ bool BagIsGeneral(int bag) {
     const uint8_t *rec = Item::PeekRecord(static_cast<uint32_t>(id));
     if (rec == nullptr)
         return false;
-    return *reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t *>(
-               rec + Offsets::OFF_ITEMSTATS_BAG_FAMILY) == 0;
+    return Game::Read<uint32_t>(
+               rec, Offsets::OFF_ITEMSTATS_BAG_FAMILY) == 0;
 }
 
 bool FindFreeGeneralSlot(void *L, int *outBag, int *outSlot) {

src/aura/Api.cpp

@@ -183,6 +183,31 @@ int PushAuraByIndex(void *L, const char *unitToken, int index,
     return 1;
 }
 
+// Positional (multi-return) sibling of `PushAuraByIndex` for the
+// `C_UnitAuras.UnitAura` family: pushes the Classic-Era `UnitAura` 15-tuple with
+// NO table allocation (the zero-GC path). Returns 15 on a hit, or 1 (a single
+// nil) on a miss. The bool-returning push helpers leave exactly the 15-tuple on a
+// hit and nothing on a miss, so the miss `PushNil` + `return 1` needs no cleanup.
+int PushUnitAuraPositional(void *L, const char *unitToken, int index,
+                           Data::Filter filter, Data::Match match = {}) {
+    const uint8_t *unit = ResolveUnit(unitToken);
+    if (unit != nullptr) {
+        const int slot = Data::FindNthSlot(unit, index, filter, match);
+        if (slot >= 0) {
+            Data::Push(L, unit, slot, Data::Emit::Positional);
+            return 15;
+        }
+        if (Data::PushNthCacheFallback(L, unit, index, filter, match,
+                                       Data::Emit::Positional))
+            return 15;
+    } else if (Data::PushNthGroupAura(L, GuidForOutOfRange(unitToken), index,
+                                      filter, match, Data::Emit::Positional)) {
+        return 15;
+    }
+    Game::Lua::PushNil(L);
+    return 1;
+}
+
 int __fastcall Script_GetAuraDataByIndex(void *L) {
     const char *unit = ArgUnit(L, 1);
     const int index = ArgInt(L, 2);
@@ -215,6 +240,50 @@ int __fastcall Script_GetDebuffDataByIndex(void *L) {
     return PushAuraByIndex(L, unit, index, Data::Filter::Harmful);
 }
 
+// Zero-allocation positional accessors — Classic-Era `UnitAura`/`UnitBuff`/
+// `UnitDebuff` shape, namespaced under `C_UnitAuras` to avoid clashing with the
+// native `UnitBuff`/`UnitDebuff` globals (which keep their vanilla short return).
+// `UnitAura` reads the range from the filter (helpful by default); `UnitBuff` /
+// `UnitDebuff` lock the range and still honor the filter's PLAYER/DISPELLABLE/
+// CROWD_CONTROL predicates.
+int __fastcall Script_UnitAura(void *L) {
+    const char *unit = ArgUnit(L, 1);
+    const int index = ArgInt(L, 2);
+    const char *filterStr = ArgOptString(L, 3);
+    if (unit == nullptr || index < 1) {
+        Game::Lua::PushNil(L);
+        return 1;
+    }
+    const ParsedFilter pf = ParseFilters(filterStr);
+    return PushUnitAuraPositional(L, unit, index, RangeFilter(pf), pf.ToMatch());
+}
+
+int __fastcall Script_UnitBuff(void *L) {
+    const char *unit = ArgUnit(L, 1);
+    const int index = ArgInt(L, 2);
+    const char *filterStr = ArgOptString(L, 3);
+    if (unit == nullptr || index < 1) {
+        Game::Lua::PushNil(L);
+        return 1;
+    }
+    const ParsedFilter pf = ParseFilters(filterStr);
+    return PushUnitAuraPositional(L, unit, index, Data::Filter::Helpful,
+                                  pf.ToMatch());
+}
+
+int __fastcall Script_UnitDebuff(void *L) {
+    const char *unit = ArgUnit(L, 1);
+    const int index = ArgInt(L, 2);
+    const char *filterStr = ArgOptString(L, 3);
+    if (unit == nullptr || index < 1) {
+        Game::Lua::PushNil(L);
+        return 1;
+    }
+    const ParsedFilter pf = ParseFilters(filterStr);
+    return PushUnitAuraPositional(L, unit, index, Data::Filter::Harmful,
+                                  pf.ToMatch());
+}
+
 int __fastcall Script_GetUnitAuraBySpellID(void *L) {
     const char *unitToken = ArgUnit(L, 1);
     const int spellID = ArgInt(L, 2);
@@ -426,6 +495,12 @@ static void RegisterLuaFunctions() {
                                      &Script_GetBuffDataByIndex);
     Game::Lua::RegisterTableFunction("C_UnitAuras", "GetDebuffDataByIndex",
                                      &Script_GetDebuffDataByIndex);
+    Game::Lua::RegisterTableFunction("C_UnitAuras", "UnitAura",
+                                     &Script_UnitAura);
+    Game::Lua::RegisterTableFunction("C_UnitAuras", "UnitBuff",
+                                     &Script_UnitBuff);
+    Game::Lua::RegisterTableFunction("C_UnitAuras", "UnitDebuff",
+                                     &Script_UnitDebuff);
     Game::Lua::RegisterTableFunction("C_UnitAuras", "GetUnitAuraBySpellID",
                                      &Script_GetUnitAuraBySpellID);
     Game::Lua::RegisterTableFunction("C_UnitAuras", "GetPlayerAuraBySpellID",

src/aura/Data.cpp

@@ -218,23 +218,33 @@ int PlayerLevel(const uint8_t *player) {
         desc + Offsets::OFF_UNIT_FIELD_LEVEL);
 }
 
-// The caster GUID attributed to `(guid, spellID)`: the observed caster from
-// the Aura::Source cache, else — when we never saw the cast — the unit itself
-// if the spell is a self-only-target buff (self-buffs can't be cross-cast).
-// 0 when genuinely unknown. Single source of truth for both display
-// (sourceGUID/sourceUnit) and the PLAYER caster filter, so a self-buff shows a
-// source AND matches HELPFUL|PLAYER instead of the two paths disagreeing.
-uint64_t EffectiveCaster(uint64_t guid, uint32_t spellID) {
+// Caster + timing attributed to ONE aura instance — the aura `spellID` sitting
+// in absolute descriptor `slot` on `guid` (`Aura::Source::SLOT_UNBOUND` when
+// the caller has no slot: the out-of-range group array, the cache fallback).
+// The slot is what tells two casters' copies of one spell apart; without it
+// they are indistinguishable from a spell ID alone.
+//
+// The caster is the observed one from the Aura::Source cache, else — when we
+// never saw the cast — the unit itself if the spell is a self-only-target buff
+// (self-buffs can't be cross-cast), else 0. Single source of truth for both
+// display (sourceGUID/sourceUnit) and the PLAYER caster filter, so a self-buff
+// shows a source AND matches HELPFUL|PLAYER instead of the two paths
+// disagreeing.
+struct Attribution {
+    uint64_t caster;
+    uint32_t expirationMs;
+    uint32_t durationMs;
+};
+
+Attribution Attribute(uint64_t guid, uint32_t spellID, int slot) {
+    Attribution a = {0, 0, 0};
     if (guid == 0 || spellID == 0)
-        return 0;
-    uint64_t c = 0;
-    uint32_t expMs = 0;
-    uint32_t durMs = 0;
-    if (Aura::Source::Get(guid, spellID, &c, &expMs, &durMs) && c != 0)
-        return c; // observed caster
-    if (Spell::IsSelfBuff::IsSelfBuff(spellID))
-        return guid; // self-only-target aura → cast by the unit itself
-    return 0;
+        return a;
+    Aura::Source::Get(guid, spellID, slot, &a.caster, &a.expirationMs,
+                      &a.durationMs);
+    if (a.caster == 0 && Spell::IsSelfBuff::IsSelfBuff(spellID))
+        a.caster = guid; // self-only-target aura → cast by the unit itself
+    return a;
 }
 
 } // namespace
@@ -271,7 +281,7 @@ bool IsPlayerCast(const uint8_t *unit, int slot) {
     if (spellID == 0)
         return false;
     const uint64_t player = Unit::Identity::PlayerGuid();
-    return player != 0 && EffectiveCaster(UnitGuid(unit), spellID) == player;
+    return player != 0 && Attribute(UnitGuid(unit), spellID, slot).caster == player;
 }
 
 // Applies the PLAYER / !PLAYER caster restriction. `isPlayerCast` is the
@@ -321,12 +331,13 @@ bool MatchesAura(const Match &match, bool isPlayerCast, uint32_t spellID) {
            CcMatches(match.cc, spellID);
 }
 
-// Group-array analog of IsPlayerCast: the group aura carries no caster, so we
-// consult the Aura::Source cache by (guid, spellID). A miss counts as "not the
-// player" (same as IsPlayerCast).
+// Group-array analog of IsPlayerCast: the member has no descriptor, so there is
+// no slot to attribute by and the cache is consulted by (guid, spellID) alone.
+// A miss counts as "not the player" (same as IsPlayerCast).
 bool GroupIsPlayerCast(uint64_t guid, uint32_t spellID) {
     const uint64_t player = Unit::Identity::PlayerGuid();
-    return player != 0 && EffectiveCaster(guid, spellID) == player;
+    return player != 0 &&
+           Attribute(guid, spellID, Aura::Source::SLOT_UNBOUND).caster == player;
 }
 
 int FindNthSlot(const uint8_t *unit, int oneBasedIndex, Filter filter,
@@ -438,23 +449,44 @@ const char *DispelName(uint32_t dispelTypeID) {
     return (name == nullptr || *name == '\0') ? nullptr : name;
 }
 
+// The display fields resolved from a spell record + caster, shared by the table
+// emitter (`BuildTable`) and the positional emitter (`PushPositional`) so the
+// name / icon / dispel-name lookups live in exactly one place. `castByPlayer` is
+// the positional tuple's field #13; the table uses `isFromPlayerOrPlayerPet`
+// instead, mirroring retail's own divergence between the two aura shapes.
+struct Display {
+    const char *name;
+    const char *icon;
+    const char *dispelName;
+    bool castByPlayer;
+};
+
+static Display ResolveDisplay(uint32_t spellID, uint64_t casterGuid) {
+    const uint8_t *spellRecord = SpellRecord(spellID);
+    uint32_t dispelTypeID = 0;
+    if (spellRecord != nullptr) {
+        dispelTypeID = *reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t *>(
+            spellRecord + Offsets::OFF_SPELL_DISPEL_TYPE);
+    }
+    Display d;
+    d.name = LocalizedSpellName(spellRecord);
+    d.icon = SpellIconPath(spellRecord);
+    d.dispelName = DispelName(dispelTypeID);
+    d.castByPlayer =
+        casterGuid != 0 && casterGuid == Unit::Identity::PlayerGuid();
+    return d;
+}
+
 // Writes the full modern AuraData table on top of the Lua stack from
 // already-resolved values. Shared by the descriptor path (`Push`) and the
 // cache-fallback path (`PushFromCache`). Net stack effect: +1 (the table).
 static void BuildTable(void *L, uint32_t spellID, int applications,
                        bool isHelpful, double duration, double expirationTime,
                        uint64_t casterGuid) {
-    const uint8_t *spellRecord = SpellRecord(spellID);
-
-    uint32_t dispelTypeID = 0;
-    if (spellRecord != nullptr) {
-        dispelTypeID = *reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t *>(
-            spellRecord + Offsets::OFF_SPELL_DISPEL_TYPE);
-    }
-
-    const char *name = LocalizedSpellName(spellRecord);
-    const char *icon = SpellIconPath(spellRecord);
-    const char *dispel = DispelName(dispelTypeID);
+    const Display disp = ResolveDisplay(spellID, casterGuid);
+    const char *name = disp.name;
+    const char *icon = disp.icon;
+    const char *dispel = disp.dispelName;
 
     Game::Lua::NewTable(L);
 
@@ -507,6 +539,45 @@ static void BuildTable(void *L, uint32_t spellID, int applications,
     // yields nil, so the table doesn't need an explicit entry.
 }
 
+// Emits the Classic-Era `UnitAura` 15-value tuple onto the Lua stack from the
+// same already-resolved values `BuildTable` takes. Net stack effect: +15 — NO
+// table allocation, the zero-GC path behind `C_UnitAuras.UnitAura`. Field order
+// matches Classic-Era `UnitAura`: name, icon, count, dispelType(string),
+// duration, expirationTime, source, isStealable, nameplateShowPersonal, spellId,
+// canApplyAura, isBossDebuff, castByPlayer, nameplateShowAll, timeMod. Values
+// mirror the AuraData table exactly so packed / non-packed callers agree: name /
+// icon / dispelType push `""` when absent (as `SetFieldString` does), while
+// `source` pushes nil when there's no caster (as the table omits `sourceUnit`).
+// `isHelpful` is unused (the tuple has no isHelpful/isHarmful) — kept so the leaf
+// dispatch calls either emitter with a uniform arg list.
+static void PushPositional(void *L, uint32_t spellID, int applications,
+                           bool /*isHelpful*/, double duration,
+                           double expirationTime, uint64_t casterGuid) {
+    const Display disp = ResolveDisplay(spellID, casterGuid);
+
+    const char *source = nullptr;
+    char tokenBuf[32];
+    if (casterGuid != 0)
+        source = Unit::Identity::TokenFromGUID(casterGuid, tokenBuf,
+                                               sizeof tokenBuf);
+
+    Game::Lua::PushString(L, disp.name ? disp.name : "");            // 1  name
+    Game::Lua::PushString(L, disp.icon ? disp.icon : "");            // 2  icon
+    Game::Lua::PushNumber(L, static_cast<double>(applications));     // 3  count
+    Game::Lua::PushString(L, disp.dispelName ? disp.dispelName : ""); // 4  dispelType
+    Game::Lua::PushNumber(L, duration);                              // 5  duration
+    Game::Lua::PushNumber(L, expirationTime);                        // 6  expirationTime
+    Game::Lua::PushString(L, source);                                // 7  source (nil if none)
+    Game::Lua::PushBool(L, false);                                   // 8  isStealable
+    Game::Lua::PushBool(L, false);                                   // 9  nameplateShowPersonal
+    Game::Lua::PushNumber(L, static_cast<double>(spellID));          // 10 spellId
+    Game::Lua::PushBool(L, false);                                   // 11 canApplyAura
+    Game::Lua::PushBool(L, false);                                   // 12 isBossDebuff
+    Game::Lua::PushBool(L, disp.castByPlayer);                       // 13 castByPlayer
+    Game::Lua::PushBool(L, false);                                   // 14 nameplateShowAll
+    Game::Lua::PushNumber(L, 1);                                     // 15 timeMod
+}
+
 // Enriches a bare `(guid, spellID)` into a full AuraData table — the shared
 // core behind every push path (descriptor, cache fallback, group-array). No
 // dependence on a live descriptor: the descriptor path passes what it read
@@ -521,10 +592,22 @@ static void BuildTable(void *L, uint32_t spellID, int applications,
 // buff table (gated on `isPlayer`); for everyone else it, the caster, and the
 // applied (caster-modified) duration come from the `Aura::Source` SMSG_SPELL_GO
 // cache when it observed the cast — a miss leaves the modern-truthful defaults
-// (expiration 0, no sourceUnit/GUID).
+// (expiration 0, no sourceUnit/GUID). `slot` is the absolute descriptor slot
+// the aura occupies, which is what attributes it to the right caster when two
+// of them hold the same spell on the unit; `Aura::Source::SLOT_UNBOUND` for the
+// paths with no descriptor to read one from.
+//
+// `known` short-circuits the by-(guid,spell,slot) resolve: the cache-fallback
+// paths already hold the exact entry's attribution (Enumerate copied it out),
+// so they pass it straight through. Re-resolving there would call `Get` a second
+// time and, for an unbound entry sharing its spell with another caster's entry,
+// return a miss — dropping a caster Enumerate already knew. Null for the
+// descriptor / group-array paths, which have no per-entry attribution in hand.
 static void PushEnriched(void *L, uint64_t guid, uint32_t spellID,
                          bool isHelpful, int applications, int unitLevel,
-                         bool isPlayer) {
+                         bool isPlayer, int slot,
+                         const Attribution *known = nullptr,
+                         Emit emit = Emit::Table) {
     double duration = 0.0;
     double expirationTime = 0.0;
     uint64_t casterGuid = 0;
@@ -536,36 +619,47 @@ static void PushEnriched(void *L, uint64_t guid, uint32_t spellID,
             expirationTime = PlayerBuffExpirationSeconds(entry);
     }
     if (spellID != 0 && guid != 0) {
-        uint64_t c = 0;
-        uint32_t expMs = 0;
-        uint32_t durMs = 0;
-        if (Aura::Source::Get(guid, spellID, &c, &expMs, &durMs)) {
-            // A cached expiration that already elapsed while the aura is still
-            // present (non-player casters get an underestimated base duration)
-            // is not meaningful — report unknown (0) rather than a negative
-            // remaining time.
-            if (expirationTime == 0.0 && expMs != 0 && !ExpirationElapsed(expMs))
-                expirationTime = static_cast<double>(expMs) * 0.001;
-            if (durMs != 0)
-                duration = static_cast<double>(durMs) * 0.001;
-        }
-        // Caster (sourceGUID/sourceUnit): observed caster, else the self-buff
-        // inference — same resolution the PLAYER filter uses, so a self-buff
-        // both shows a source and matches HELPFUL|PLAYER. Timing stays unknown
-        // when we never saw the cast; only the caster is inferred, and it's
-        // exact.
-        casterGuid = EffectiveCaster(guid, spellID);
+        // Caster (sourceGUID/sourceUnit) and timing resolved together, so a
+        // self-buff both shows a source and matches HELPFUL|PLAYER instead of
+        // the two paths disagreeing.
+        Attribution a = (known != nullptr) ? *known : Attribute(guid, spellID, slot);
+        // Self-buff inference for a pre-resolved entry whose caster the cache
+        // never learned (idempotent on the Attribute() path, which already
+        // applied it — the caster is nonzero there when it matched).
+        if (a.caster == 0 && Spell::IsSelfBuff::IsSelfBuff(spellID))
+            a.caster = guid;
+        // A cached expiration that already elapsed while the aura is still
+        // present (non-player casters get an underestimated base duration)
+        // is not meaningful — report unknown (0) rather than a negative
+        // remaining time.
+        if (expirationTime == 0.0 && a.expirationMs != 0 &&
+            !ExpirationElapsed(a.expirationMs))
+            expirationTime = static_cast<double>(a.expirationMs) * 0.001;
+        if (a.durationMs != 0)
+            duration = static_cast<double>(a.durationMs) * 0.001;
+        casterGuid = a.caster;
     }
-    BuildTable(L, spellID, applications, isHelpful, duration, expirationTime,
-               casterGuid);
+    if (emit == Emit::Positional)
+        PushPositional(L, spellID, applications, isHelpful, duration,
+                       expirationTime, casterGuid);
+    else
+        BuildTable(L, spellID, applications, isHelpful, duration, expirationTime,
+                   casterGuid);
 }
 
-void Push(void *L, const uint8_t *unit, int slot) {
+// Attribution held directly by an `Aura::Source` cache entry (from `Enumerate`),
+// for the cache-fallback push paths to hand to `PushEnriched` as `known`.
+static Attribution CachedAttribution(const Aura::Source::CachedAura &c) {
+    return {c.casterGuid, c.expirationMs, c.durationMs};
+}
+
+void Push(void *L, const uint8_t *unit, int slot, Emit emit) {
     const uint32_t spellID = ReadSpellID(unit, slot);
     const bool isHelpful = slot < Offsets::UNIT_AURA_BUFF_COUNT;
     const int unitLevel = (unit != nullptr) ? PlayerLevel(unit) : 0;
     PushEnriched(L, UnitGuid(unit), spellID, isHelpful, ReadStacks(unit, slot),
-                 unitLevel, unit != nullptr && unit == LocalPlayer());
+                 unitLevel, unit != nullptr && unit == LocalPlayer(), slot,
+                 /*known*/ nullptr, emit);
 }
 
 namespace {
@@ -575,13 +669,17 @@ namespace {
 // in SMSG_SPELL_GO, so `applications` defaults to 1. `duration` uses the
 // applied (caster-modified) ms when known, else the Spell.dbc base.
 void PushFromCache(void *L, const uint8_t *unit,
-                   const Aura::Source::CachedAura &c, bool isHelpful) {
-    // `PushEnriched` re-reads the same cache entry `c` came from (by
-    // guid+spellID) to fill caster / expiration / applied duration, so the
-    // result is identical to reading `c`'s fields directly. Stacks aren't in
-    // SMSG_SPELL_GO, so `applications` is 1.
+                   const Aura::Source::CachedAura &c, bool isHelpful,
+                   Emit emit = Emit::Table) {
+    // `c` already carries this exact instance's caster + timing (Enumerate
+    // copied it out), so hand it to `PushEnriched` as `known` rather than
+    // re-resolving by (guid, spell, slot) — an unbound entry sharing its spell
+    // with another caster's would otherwise resolve to a miss and drop the
+    // caster. Stacks aren't in SMSG_SPELL_GO, so `applications` is 1.
     const int unitLevel = (unit != nullptr) ? PlayerLevel(unit) : 0;
-    PushEnriched(L, UnitGuid(unit), c.spellId, isHelpful, 1, unitLevel, false);
+    const Attribution a = CachedAttribution(c);
+    PushEnriched(L, UnitGuid(unit), c.spellId, isHelpful, 1, unitLevel, false,
+                 c.slot, &a, emit);
 }
 
 // Reconciles the `Aura::Source` cache against `unit`'s descriptor: when the
@@ -598,15 +696,9 @@ void ReconcileCache(const uint8_t *unit) {
     if (unit == nullptr)
         return;
     uint32_t present[Offsets::UNIT_AURA_TOTAL];
-    int n = 0;
-    for (int slot = 0; slot < Offsets::UNIT_AURA_TOTAL; ++slot) {
-        const uint32_t id = ReadSpellID(unit, slot);
-        if (id != 0)
-            present[n++] = id;
-    }
-    if (n == 0)
-        return;
-    Aura::Source::EvictAbsent(UnitGuid(unit), present, n);
+    for (int slot = 0; slot < Offsets::UNIT_AURA_TOTAL; ++slot)
+        present[slot] = ReadSpellID(unit, slot);
+    Aura::Source::EvictAbsent(UnitGuid(unit), present);
 }
 
 // True if `unit`'s descriptor currently exposes any visible aura in either
@@ -673,7 +765,7 @@ bool FallbackEligible(const uint8_t *unit, const Aura::Source::CachedAura &c,
 } // namespace
 
 bool PushNthCacheFallback(void *L, const uint8_t *unit, int oneBasedIndex,
-                          Filter filter, Match match) {
+                          Filter filter, Match match, Emit emit) {
     if (unit == nullptr)
         return false;
     ReconcileCache(unit); // drop entries the (synced) descriptor contradicts
@@ -696,7 +788,7 @@ bool PushNthCacheFallback(void *L, const uint8_t *unit, int oneBasedIndex,
         if (!FallbackEligible(unit, buf[i], filter, match))
             continue;
         if (++seen == target) {
-            PushFromCache(L, unit, buf[i], filter == Filter::Helpful);
+            PushFromCache(L, unit, buf[i], filter == Filter::Helpful, emit);
             return true;
         }
     }
@@ -803,7 +895,8 @@ bool GroupFallbackEligible(const uint16_t *arr, const Aura::Source::CachedAura &
 // Nth (1-based) cache-fallback aura of `filter`'s kind for an out-of-range
 // member whose group array is empty. Pushes the AuraData table on a hit.
 bool PushNthGroupCacheFallback(void *L, uint64_t guid, const uint16_t *arr,
-                               int oneBasedIndex, Filter filter, Match match) {
+                               int oneBasedIndex, Filter filter, Match match,
+                               Emit emit = Emit::Table) {
     Aura::Source::CachedAura buf[kFallbackMax];
     const int n =
         Aura::Source::Enumerate(guid, filter == Filter::Harmful, buf, kFallbackMax);
@@ -812,8 +905,9 @@ bool PushNthGroupCacheFallback(void *L, uint64_t guid, const uint16_t *arr,
         if (!GroupFallbackEligible(arr, buf[i], match))
             continue;
         if (++seen == oneBasedIndex) {
+            const Attribution a = CachedAttribution(buf[i]);
             PushEnriched(L, guid, buf[i].spellId, filter == Filter::Helpful, 1,
-                         GroupMemberLevel(guid), false);
+                         GroupMemberLevel(guid), false, buf[i].slot, &a, emit);
             return true;
         }
     }
@@ -832,8 +926,9 @@ void AppendGroupCacheFallbacks(void *L, uint64_t guid, const uint16_t *arr,
         if (!GroupFallbackEligible(arr, buf[i], match))
             continue;
         Game::Lua::PushNumber(L, static_cast<double>(nextKey++));
+        const Attribution a = CachedAttribution(buf[i]);
         PushEnriched(L, guid, buf[i].spellId, filter == Filter::Helpful, 1, level,
-                     false);
+                     false, buf[i].slot, &a);
         Game::Lua::SetTable(L, outerIdx);
     }
 }
@@ -855,8 +950,9 @@ bool PushGroupCacheFallbackMatch(void *L, uint64_t guid, const uint16_t *arr,
         }
         if (!GroupFallbackEligible(arr, buf[i], match))
             continue;
+        const Attribution a = CachedAttribution(buf[i]);
         PushEnriched(L, guid, buf[i].spellId, !harmful, 1, GroupMemberLevel(guid),
-                     false);
+                     false, buf[i].slot, &a);
         return true;
     }
     return false;
@@ -865,7 +961,7 @@ bool PushGroupCacheFallbackMatch(void *L, uint64_t guid, const uint16_t *arr,
 } // namespace
 
 bool PushNthGroupAura(void *L, uint64_t guid, int oneBasedIndex, Filter filter,
-                      Match match) {
+                      Match match, Emit emit) {
     if (guid == 0 || oneBasedIndex < 1)
         return false;
     const uint16_t *arr = Group::MemberStats::AuraArray(guid);
@@ -881,14 +977,15 @@ bool PushNthGroupAura(void *L, uint64_t guid, int oneBasedIndex, Filter filter,
         if (++matches == oneBasedIndex) {
             PushEnriched(L, guid, GroupSpellID(arr, slot),
                          filter == Filter::Helpful, 1, GroupMemberLevel(guid),
-                         false);
+                         false, Aura::Source::SLOT_UNBOUND, /*known*/ nullptr,
+                         emit);
             return true;
         }
     }
     // Empty array (server delta-resend gap): supplement from the cache.
     if (!GroupArrayHasVisibleAura(arr))
         return PushNthGroupCacheFallback(L, guid, arr, oneBasedIndex, filter,
-                                         match);
+                                         match, emit);
     return false;
 }
 
@@ -912,7 +1009,7 @@ bool PushGroupAuraBySpellID(void *L, uint64_t guid, uint32_t spellID,
         if (!GroupSlotEligible(guid, arr, slot, match))
             continue;
         PushEnriched(L, guid, spellID, slot < Offsets::UNIT_AURA_BUFF_COUNT, 1,
-                     GroupMemberLevel(guid), false);
+                     GroupMemberLevel(guid), false, Aura::Source::SLOT_UNBOUND);
         return true;
     }
     if (!GroupArrayHasVisibleAura(arr)) {
@@ -953,7 +1050,7 @@ bool PushGroupAuraBySpellName(void *L, uint64_t guid, const char *spellName,
         if (!GroupSlotEligible(guid, arr, slot, match))
             continue;
         PushEnriched(L, guid, id, slot < Offsets::UNIT_AURA_BUFF_COUNT, 1,
-                     GroupMemberLevel(guid), false);
+                     GroupMemberLevel(guid), false, Aura::Source::SLOT_UNBOUND);
         return true;
     }
     if (!GroupArrayHasVisibleAura(arr)) {
@@ -986,7 +1083,8 @@ void AppendGroupAuras(void *L, uint64_t guid, Filter filter, Match match,
             continue;
         Game::Lua::PushNumber(L, static_cast<double>(nextKey++));
         PushEnriched(L, guid, GroupSpellID(arr, slot),
-                     filter == Filter::Helpful, 1, level, false);
+                     filter == Filter::Helpful, 1, level, false,
+                     Aura::Source::SLOT_UNBOUND);
         Game::Lua::SetTable(L, outerIdx);
     }
     // Empty array (server delta-resend gap): supplement from the cache.

src/aura/Data.h

@@ -33,6 +33,14 @@ namespace Aura::Data {
 // to helpful when no filter is specified.
 enum class Filter { Helpful, Harmful };
 
+// How a resolved aura is emitted onto the Lua stack by the single-aura push
+// paths. `Table` builds the modern `AuraData` table (net stack +1); `Positional`
+// pushes the Classic-Era `UnitAura` 15-value tuple (net stack +15) with NO table
+// allocation, for the `C_UnitAuras.UnitAura/UnitBuff/UnitDebuff` accessors that
+// avoid the per-call GC churn. Selection + timing resolution are identical for
+// both — only the terminal leaf differs.
+enum class Emit { Table, Positional };
+
 // Caster restriction from the `PLAYER` / `!PLAYER` aura filter tokens.
 // `Any` = no restriction; `PlayerOnly` = only auras the local player cast
 // (`PLAYER`); `NotPlayer` = only auras NOT cast by the local player
@@ -154,8 +162,9 @@ const char *DispelName(uint32_t dispelTypeID);
 //   nameplateShowPersonal=false, canApplyAura=false,
 //   shouldConsolidate=false, isRaid=false
 //
-// Net stack effect: +1 (the table).
-void Push(void *L, const uint8_t *unit, int slot);
+// Net stack effect: +1 for `Emit::Table` (the table), +15 for `Emit::Positional`
+// (the Classic-Era `UnitAura` tuple — see `Emit`).
+void Push(void *L, const uint8_t *unit, int slot, Emit emit = Emit::Table);
 
 // Fallback for the index path when the descriptor has dropped an aura's slot
 // (rogue stealth, party range fluctuation) but it's still active server-side.
@@ -165,9 +174,11 @@ void Push(void *L, const uint8_t *unit, int slot);
 // order). On a hit it pushes the AuraData table and returns true; on a miss it
 // pushes nothing and returns false (caller pushes nil). Only entries whose
 // helpful/harmful classification matches `filter` and that aren't already in a
-// populated descriptor slot are considered.
+// populated descriptor slot are considered. `emit` selects the table vs the
+// positional tuple leaf (see `Emit`); the pushed count follows `Push`.
 bool PushNthCacheFallback(void *L, const uint8_t *unit, int oneBasedIndex,
-                          Filter filter, Match match = {});
+                          Filter filter, Match match = {},
+                          Emit emit = Emit::Table);
 
 // Appends every eligible `Aura::Source` cache fallback for `unit` matching
 // `filter` into the array table at `outerIdx`, continuing from `nextKey`
@@ -196,10 +207,11 @@ void AppendCacheFallbacks(void *L, const uint8_t *unit, Filter filter,
 // to dedup against.
 
 // Pushes AuraData for the `oneBasedIndex`-th group-array aura on `guid`
-// matching `filter`. On a hit pushes the table and returns true; otherwise
-// pushes nothing and returns false (caller pushes nil).
+// matching `filter`. On a hit pushes the aura and returns true; otherwise
+// pushes nothing and returns false (caller pushes nil). `emit` selects the
+// table vs the positional tuple leaf (see `Emit`).
 bool PushNthGroupAura(void *L, uint64_t guid, int oneBasedIndex, Filter filter,
-                      Match match = {});
+                      Match match = {}, Emit emit = Emit::Table);
 
 // Pushes AuraData for the group-array aura with `spellID` on `guid`, optionally
 // restricted to one filter range (nullptr = both, helpful first). Returns true

src/aura/Source.cpp

@@ -122,6 +122,18 @@ bool WasRecentPlayerCast(uint32_t spellId) {
 // application hook fires for the same aura.
 enum Kind : int8_t { KIND_UNKNOWN = -1, KIND_HELPFUL = 0, KIND_HARMFUL = 1 };
 
+// An entry is one AURA INSTANCE, identified the way the server identifies one:
+// `(target, spell, caster)`. Two same-class raiders' Corruption on one boss are
+// two auras occupying two descriptor slots, so a `(target, spell)` identity
+// collapses them into one entry — the later cast overwrites the earlier
+// caster's timing, and `OnAuraRemoved` for either copy evicts both.
+//
+// The descriptor only stores spell IDs, so recovering WHICH instance a slot
+// holds needs the slot bound to its entry. SpellGo knows the caster but no
+// slot; `OnAuraAdded` knows the slot but no caster. They arrive in that order
+// (SpellGo, then the SMSG_UPDATE_OBJECT that seats the aura), so the
+// application hook binds the cast capture it belongs to — the newest entry for
+// this `(target, spell)` still awaiting a slot.
 struct Entry {
     uint64_t targetGuid;
     uint64_t casterGuid;
@@ -129,12 +141,13 @@ struct Entry {
     uint32_t expirationMs; // 0 = infinite / unknown duration
     uint32_t durationMs;   // applied duration (incl. caster mods); 0 = none
     uint32_t stampMs;      // last write time; EvictAbsent grace (see below)
+    int16_t slot;          // absolute descriptor slot, SLOT_UNBOUND until bound
     int8_t kind;           // Kind; descriptor-slot-derived, KIND_UNKNOWN if only seen via SpellGo
     bool used;
 };
 
 // Sized for the realistic worst case: a fully raid-buffed 40-man plus its
-// debuff load. We cache one entry per (target, spellId) for EVERY
+// debuff load. We cache one entry per (target, spellId, caster) for EVERY
 // aura-applying SMSG_SPELL_GO we observe — not just auras on the player, but
 // every buff cast on every unit in view — so the live working set in a raid
 // is ~40 members × ~30 persistent buffs ≈ 1200, plus debuffs. At the old 256
@@ -142,10 +155,21 @@ struct Entry {
 // dropping their source (the "lost sourceGUID on a buff" report). 2048 gives
 // a fully-buffed 40-man comfortable headroom; the tick sweep still reclaims
 // expired/orphaned entries so it rarely approaches full outside a raid.
-// (~40 bytes/entry → ~80 KB static.)
+// (~40 bytes/entry → ~80 KB static.) Per-caster identity adds one entry per
+// extra caster of the same spell on one target, which is bounded by the 16
+// debuff slots that can hold them.
 constexpr int kCacheSize = 2048;
 Entry g_cache[kCacheSize];
 
+// One past the highest slot ever claimed since the last flush — the active
+// prefix `[0, g_usedHigh)`. Every used entry lives below it (Claim is the sole
+// allocator and extends it; FlushAll resets it), so all lookups scan only this
+// prefix instead of the full 2048. Outside a raid the working set is a handful
+// of auras, so this is the difference between a ~30-entry scan and a 2048-entry
+// one on the per-aura query path. Never lowered on eviction — an over-estimate
+// only costs a few extra skipped (!used) slots, never a missed live entry.
+int g_usedHigh = 0;
+
 // SMSG_SPELL_GO arrives before the SMSG_UPDATE_OBJECT that adds the aura to
 // the target's descriptor, so for a brief window a just-captured entry names
 // an aura the descriptor doesn't list yet. `EvictAbsent` (run from a query's
@@ -187,48 +211,106 @@ bool DescriptorListsAura(uint64_t guid, uint32_t spellId) {
     return false;
 }
 
-// `fromCast` true: the SpellGo hook — authoritative caster + caster-modified
-// (talented) timing. False: the OnAuraAdded application hook — timing only,
-// no caster, and it must not clobber an entry SpellGo already owns (that
-// would replace talented timing with the unmodified base), so it skips
-// entries that already carry a caster.
-void Store(uint64_t targetGuid, uint32_t spellId, uint64_t casterGuid,
-           uint32_t expirationMs, uint32_t durationMs, bool fromCast,
-           int8_t kind) {
-    if (targetGuid == 0 || spellId == 0)
-        return;
+// ---- Entry lookup --------------------------------------------------------
 
-    const uint32_t now = NowMs();
+// The exact aura instance `caster` has on `targetGuid` — the server's own
+// identity for one aura, and what a repeat cast refreshes.
+Entry *FindByCaster(uint64_t targetGuid, uint32_t spellId, uint64_t casterGuid) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < g_usedHigh; ++i) {
+        Entry &e = g_cache[i];
+        if (e.used && e.targetGuid == targetGuid && e.spellId == spellId &&
+            e.casterGuid == casterGuid)
+            return &e;
+    }
+    return nullptr;
+}
 
-    // Update an existing entry for this exact aura instance.
-    for (auto &e : g_cache) {
-        if (e.used && e.targetGuid == targetGuid && e.spellId == spellId) {
-            e.stampMs = now; // refresh EvictAbsent grace on any touch
-            // Learn the classification whenever a slot-derived kind arrives —
-            // independent of caster/timing ownership, and never downgrade a
-            // known kind back to unknown.
-            if (kind != KIND_UNKNOWN)
-                e.kind = kind;
-            if (!fromCast && e.casterGuid != 0)
-                return; // SpellGo owns this entry; keep its caster + timing
-            if (casterGuid != 0)
-                e.casterGuid = casterGuid;
-            e.expirationMs = expirationMs;
-            e.durationMs = durationMs;
-            return;
+// The instance seated in descriptor slot `slot`.
+Entry *FindBySlot(uint64_t targetGuid, uint32_t spellId, int slot) {
+    if (slot < 0)
+        return nullptr;
+    for (int i = 0; i < g_usedHigh; ++i) {
+        Entry &e = g_cache[i];
+        if (e.used && e.targetGuid == targetGuid && e.spellId == spellId &&
+            e.slot == slot)
+            return &e;
+    }
+    return nullptr;
+}
+
+// The newest cast capture for this aura still awaiting a descriptor slot —
+// what an `OnAuraAdded` for `(target, spell)` is seating. Newest wins because
+// SpellGo precedes the application by a packet, so the freshest unbound entry
+// is the cast that just landed; an older one is a capture that never seated
+// (fully resisted, immune) and is left to expire on its own. "Newest" is the
+// smallest `Time::Clock::Elapsed(stamp, now)` — a wrap-safe signed difference;
+// a raw `stampMs >` compare inverts across the 2^32 ms tick wrap.
+Entry *FindFreshestUnbound(uint64_t targetGuid, uint32_t spellId, uint32_t now) {
+    Entry *best = nullptr;
+    uint32_t bestElapsed = 0;
+    for (int i = 0; i < g_usedHigh; ++i) {
+        Entry &e = g_cache[i];
+        if (!e.used || e.targetGuid != targetGuid || e.spellId != spellId ||
+            e.slot != SLOT_UNBOUND)
+            continue;
+        const uint32_t elapsed = Time::Clock::Elapsed(e.stampMs, now);
+        if (best == nullptr || elapsed < bestElapsed) {
+            best = &e;
+            bestElapsed = elapsed;
         }
     }
-    // Take a free slot, else an expired one whose aura the descriptor no
-    // longer lists (a still-present aura keeps its slot so its caster isn't
-    // lost — see DescriptorListsAura), else evict round-robin.
+    return best;
+}
+
+// The one entry for `(target, spell)`, or null when there are none or several.
+// Several means two casters and no way to tell their instances apart from a
+// spell ID alone, which is exactly when guessing is what produces a wrong
+// caster and a wrong timer.
+Entry *FindSole(uint64_t targetGuid, uint32_t spellId) {
+    Entry *found = nullptr;
+    for (int i = 0; i < g_usedHigh; ++i) {
+        Entry &e = g_cache[i];
+        if (!e.used || e.targetGuid != targetGuid || e.spellId != spellId)
+            continue;
+        if (found != nullptr)
+            return nullptr;
+        found = &e;
+    }
+    return found;
+}
+
+// The instance a slot-bearing query means: the entry seated in `slot`, else the
+// unit's sole entry for the spell — every single-caster case and the slotless
+// (out-of-range group array, cache fallback) paths. Two casters' entries with
+// no slot binding resolve to null (see FindSole), never to a coin flip. This is
+// the read-side identity rule; both `Get` and `Evict` resolve through it so they
+// can't drift into naming different instances for the same query.
+Entry *FindInstance(uint64_t targetGuid, uint32_t spellId, int slot) {
+    Entry *e = FindBySlot(targetGuid, spellId, slot);
+    return e != nullptr ? e : FindSole(targetGuid, spellId);
+}
+
+// Marks the slot `e` occupies as within the active prefix, so later lookups
+// reach it. Every new entry passes through here (Claim is the only allocator),
+// which is what keeps the `[0, g_usedHigh)` invariant true for all writers.
+Entry *Register(Entry *e) {
+    const int idx = static_cast<int>(e - g_cache);
+    if (idx >= g_usedHigh)
+        g_usedHigh = idx + 1;
+    return e;
+}
+
+// Takes a free slot, else an expired one whose aura the descriptor no longer
+// lists (a still-present aura keeps its slot so its caster isn't lost — see
+// DescriptorListsAura), else evicts. Scans the full array — as the allocator it
+// must be able to hand out slots beyond the current active prefix (that is how
+// the prefix grows), so it can't bound itself by g_usedHigh.
+Entry *Claim(uint32_t now) {
     for (auto &e : g_cache) {
         if (!e.used ||
             (e.expirationMs != 0 && now >= e.expirationMs &&
-             !DescriptorListsAura(e.targetGuid, e.spellId))) {
-            e = {targetGuid, casterGuid, spellId, expirationMs, durationMs,
-                 now, kind, true};
-            return;
-        }
+             !DescriptorListsAura(e.targetGuid, e.spellId)))
+            return Register(&e);
     }
     // Saturated. Honor the same invariant as the tick sweep: an entry whose
     // aura is still present on a resolvable unit is NEVER evicted — its caster
@@ -253,9 +335,91 @@ void Store(uint64_t targetGuid, uint32_t spellId, uint64_t casterGuid,
         if (orphan == nullptr || e.stampMs < orphan->stampMs)
             orphan = &e;
     }
-    Entry *victim = (orphan != nullptr) ? orphan : lru;
-    *victim = {targetGuid, casterGuid, spellId, expirationMs, durationMs, now,
-               kind, true};
+    return Register((orphan != nullptr) ? orphan : lru);
+}
+
+// ---- Writes --------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// The SpellGo hook: authoritative caster + caster-modified (talented) timing.
+// Identity is `(target, spell, caster)`, so a second caster of the same spell
+// opens its own entry instead of overwriting the first's, and a recast by the
+// same caster refreshes theirs — keeping the descriptor slot already bound to
+// it.
+void StoreFromCast(uint64_t targetGuid, uint32_t spellId, uint64_t casterGuid,
+                   uint32_t expirationMs, uint32_t durationMs) {
+    if (targetGuid == 0 || spellId == 0)
+        return;
+    const uint32_t now = NowMs();
+    Entry *e = FindByCaster(targetGuid, spellId, casterGuid);
+    // A lone unattributed entry for this aura is the same instance seen without
+    // a caster (seated by an application hook while we were out of view, or a
+    // group-array guess), so claim it rather than opening a second entry for
+    // one aura — the same adoption `ApplyDurationModifiers` does. Only when
+    // it's the unit's only entry for the spell: with several, "the one this
+    // cast refreshes" is a guess, and guessing wrong writes this caster's timer
+    // onto another's aura.
+    if (e == nullptr) {
+        Entry *sole = FindSole(targetGuid, spellId);
+        if (sole != nullptr && sole->casterGuid == 0)
+            e = sole;
+    }
+    if (e == nullptr) {
+        e = Claim(now);
+        *e = {targetGuid, casterGuid, spellId, expirationMs, durationMs,
+              now,        SLOT_UNBOUND, KIND_UNKNOWN, true};
+        return;
+    }
+    e->stampMs = now; // refresh EvictAbsent grace on any touch
+    e->casterGuid = casterGuid;
+    e->expirationMs = expirationMs;
+    e->durationMs = durationMs;
+}
+
+// The OnAuraAdded / OnAuraStacksChanged application hooks: a descriptor slot,
+// a classification, and base timing — but no caster (except the local player's
+// own recent cast, which `StampApplication` resolves). Seats the slot on the
+// cast capture it belongs to, and must not clobber the caster + talented
+// timing SpellGo already owns for that instance.
+//
+// `slot` is SLOT_UNBOUND for the out-of-range group-array path, which has no
+// descriptor at all; there the only available identity is `(target, spell)`.
+void StoreFromApplication(uint64_t targetGuid, uint32_t spellId,
+                          uint64_t casterGuid, uint32_t expirationMs,
+                          uint32_t durationMs, int slot, int8_t kind) {
+    if (targetGuid == 0 || spellId == 0)
+        return;
+    const uint32_t now = NowMs();
+    // Anything outside the descriptor's slot range can't index it, so it binds
+    // nothing — `EvictAbsent` indexes the array by a bound entry's slot.
+    if (slot < 0 || slot >= Offsets::UNIT_AURA_TOTAL)
+        slot = SLOT_UNBOUND;
+
+    Entry *e = FindBySlot(targetGuid, spellId, slot);
+    if (e == nullptr)
+        e = FindFreshestUnbound(targetGuid, spellId, now);
+    if (e == nullptr && slot < 0)
+        e = FindSole(targetGuid, spellId);
+    if (e == nullptr) {
+        e = Claim(now);
+        *e = {targetGuid, casterGuid, spellId, expirationMs, durationMs, now,
+              static_cast<int16_t>(slot), kind, true};
+        return;
+    }
+
+    e->stampMs = now;
+    if (slot >= 0)
+        e->slot = static_cast<int16_t>(slot);
+    // Learn the classification whenever a slot-derived kind arrives —
+    // independent of caster/timing ownership, and never downgrade a known kind
+    // back to unknown.
+    if (kind != KIND_UNKNOWN)
+        e->kind = kind;
+    if (e->casterGuid != 0)
+        return; // SpellGo owns this entry; keep its caster + talented timing
+    if (casterGuid != 0)
+        e->casterGuid = casterGuid;
+    e->expirationMs = expirationMs;
+    e->durationMs = durationMs;
 }
 
 // ---- Out-of-range group-member aura snapshots ---------------------------
@@ -293,25 +457,27 @@ void StampGroupGuess(uint64_t guid, uint16_t spellId, int8_t kind, uint32_t now)
     const uint32_t base = SpellDurationMs(rec, /*casterIsPlayer*/ false);
     if (base == 0)
         return;
-    Store(guid, spellId, /*casterGuid*/ 0, now + base, base, /*fromCast*/ false,
-          kind);
+    StoreFromApplication(guid, spellId, /*casterGuid*/ 0, now + base, base,
+                         SLOT_UNBOUND, kind);
 }
 
-// Evict the entry for an aura the engine reports gone. Keyed by (target,
-// spell) like the rest of the cache. Without this, the GetAuraDataByIndex
-// fallback would keep surfacing a dropped aura until its computed expiry —
-// e.g. a Rank 1 buff replaced by Rank 2 (engine drops Rank 1 from the
-// descriptor) would show as a phantom second aura, or a dispelled buff would
-// linger.
-void Evict(uint64_t targetGuid, uint32_t spellId) {
+// Evict the entry for an aura the engine reports gone, identified by the
+// descriptor slot it vacated. Without this, the GetAuraDataByIndex fallback
+// would keep surfacing a dropped aura until its computed expiry — e.g. a Rank
+// 1 buff replaced by Rank 2 (engine drops Rank 1 from the descriptor) would
+// show as a phantom second aura, or a dispelled buff would linger.
+//
+// The slot is what makes this safe when two casters hold the same spell on one
+// target: only the instance that actually fell off goes. Falling back to a
+// spell-ID match when nothing is bound to the slot keeps the pre-binding
+// behaviour, but only while the match is unambiguous — dropping one of two
+// casters' entries at random would take a live aura's caster with it.
+void Evict(uint64_t targetGuid, uint32_t spellId, int slot) {
     if (targetGuid == 0 || spellId == 0)
         return;
-    for (auto &e : g_cache) {
-        if (e.used && e.targetGuid == targetGuid && e.spellId == spellId) {
-            e.used = false;
-            return;
-        }
-    }
+    Entry *e = FindInstance(targetGuid, spellId, slot);
+    if (e != nullptr)
+        e->used = false;
 }
 
 // ---- Server-side duration modifiers (trigger-driven inference) -----------
@@ -469,7 +635,8 @@ void ApplyDurationModifiers(uint32_t triggerSpellId, uint64_t caster,
         if (!TriggerMatches(m, triggerSpellId, triggerRec))
             continue;
         for (int t = 0; t < numTargets; ++t) {
-            for (auto &e : g_cache) {
+            for (int i = 0; i < g_usedHigh; ++i) {
+                Entry &e = g_cache[i];
                 if (!e.used || e.targetGuid != targets[t])
                     continue;
                 // The mechanic acts on the trigger-caster's own aura. Cast-applied
@@ -577,8 +744,9 @@ const Game::ModuleAutoRegister _autoregDurationMod{&RegisterDurationModLua};
 
 // Wipe the whole cache. Used on a map transition (see OnWorldTick).
 void FlushAll() {
-    for (auto &e : g_cache)
-        e.used = false;
+    for (int i = 0; i < g_usedHigh; ++i)
+        g_cache[i].used = false;
+    g_usedHigh = 0; // active prefix is empty again
     // Reset transition baselines too: post-transition group auras re-sync and
     // should be treated as first-sight (unknown age), not diffed as new.
     for (auto &s : g_groupSnaps)
@@ -614,7 +782,8 @@ void OnWorldTick() {
     }
 
     const uint32_t now = NowMs();
-    for (auto &e : g_cache) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < g_usedHigh; ++i) {
+        Entry &e = g_cache[i];
         if (!e.used || e.expirationMs == 0 || !Time::Clock::Reached(now, e.expirationMs))
             continue;
         // A timer elapse doesn't prove the aura is gone — expirationMs is only
@@ -702,13 +871,11 @@ void HandleSpellGo(uint64_t caster, uint32_t spellId, const uint64_t *targets,
 
     if (numTargets == 0) {
         // No explicit hit list (self-cast with caster-implicit target).
-        Store(caster, spellId, caster, expirationMs, durationMs, true,
-              KIND_UNKNOWN);
+        StoreFromCast(caster, spellId, caster, expirationMs, durationMs);
         return;
     }
     for (int i = 0; i < numTargets; ++i)
-        Store(targets[i], spellId, caster, expirationMs, durationMs, true,
-              KIND_UNKNOWN);
+        StoreFromCast(targets[i], spellId, caster, expirationMs, durationMs);
 }
 
 // SMSG_SPELL_GO parse (funnel subscriber). At the leaf handler the engine has
@@ -741,12 +908,19 @@ const Net::PacketDispatch::AutoSubscribe _spellGoSub{&SpellGoSub};
 
 // ---- Aura-application co-hooks (timing for proc / triggered auras) -------
 
-// Stamp expiration for an aura that just landed/refreshed on `unit`. Used by
-// both the add and stack-change hooks. No caster is available from these
-// paths, so it stamps timing only with `fromCast=false` — Store skips any
-// entry SpellGo already owns, so a directly-cast aura keeps its talented
-// timing. Base (unmodified) duration is the best estimate without a caster.
-void StampApplication(void *unit, uint32_t spellId, int8_t kind) {
+// Classify by the absolute aura slot: 0..BUFF_COUNT-1 = buff (helpful),
+// BUFF_COUNT..TOTAL-1 = debuff (harmful).
+int8_t KindForSlot(int slot) {
+    return slot >= Offsets::UNIT_AURA_BUFF_COUNT ? KIND_HARMFUL : KIND_HELPFUL;
+}
+
+// Stamp expiration for an aura that just landed/refreshed in `slot` on `unit`.
+// Used by both the add and stack-change hooks. No caster is available from
+// these paths, so it stamps timing only — StoreFromApplication keeps whatever
+// SpellGo already owns, so a directly-cast aura keeps its talented timing.
+// Base (unmodified) duration is the best estimate without a caster. The slot
+// is what binds this application to the cast capture behind it.
+void StampApplication(void *unit, uint32_t spellId, int slot) {
     if (spellId == 0)
         return;
     const uint8_t *rec = Spell::Lookup::RecordForID(static_cast<int>(spellId));
@@ -763,14 +937,8 @@ void StampApplication(void *unit, uint32_t spellId, int8_t kind) {
     const uint32_t durationMs = SpellDurationMs(rec, byPlayer);
     const uint64_t caster = byPlayer ? Unit::Identity::PlayerGuid() : 0;
     const uint32_t expirationMs = durationMs > 0 ? NowMs() + durationMs : 0;
-    Store(unitGuid, spellId, caster, expirationMs, durationMs,
-          /*fromCast*/ false, kind);
-}
-
-// Classify by the absolute aura slot: 0..BUFF_COUNT-1 = buff (helpful),
-// BUFF_COUNT..TOTAL-1 = debuff (harmful).
-int8_t KindForSlot(int slot) {
-    return slot >= Offsets::UNIT_AURA_BUFF_COUNT ? KIND_HARMFUL : KIND_HELPFUL;
+    StoreFromApplication(unitGuid, spellId, caster, expirationMs, durationMs,
+                         slot, KindForSlot(slot));
 }
 
 // Bump the player-stat-inputs signal when an aura change hits the LOCAL
@@ -790,7 +958,7 @@ OnAuraAdded_t g_origOnAuraAdded = nullptr;
 void __fastcall OnAuraAdded_h(void *unit, void *edx, uint32_t slot,
                               uint32_t spellId) {
     g_origOnAuraAdded(unit, edx, slot, spellId);
-    StampApplication(unit, spellId, KindForSlot(static_cast<int>(slot)));
+    StampApplication(unit, spellId, static_cast<int>(slot));
     NotifyIfPlayer(unit);
 }
 
@@ -810,8 +978,7 @@ void __fastcall OnAuraStacksChanged_h(void *unit, void *edx, int slot,
     g_origOnAuraStacksChanged(unit, edx, slot, stackCount);
     StampApplication(
         unit,
-        Aura::Data::ReadSpellID(static_cast<const uint8_t *>(unit), slot),
-        KindForSlot(slot));
+        Aura::Data::ReadSpellID(static_cast<const uint8_t *>(unit), slot), slot);
     NotifyIfPlayer(unit);
 }
 
@@ -840,8 +1007,7 @@ OnAuraRemoved_t g_origOnAuraRemoved = nullptr;
 void __fastcall OnAuraRemoved_h(void *unit, void *edx, uint32_t slot,
                                 uint32_t spellId) {
     g_origOnAuraRemoved(unit, edx, slot, spellId);
-    (void)slot;
-    Evict(Unit::Identity::GuidForObject(unit), spellId);
+    Evict(Unit::Identity::GuidForObject(unit), spellId, static_cast<int>(slot));
     NotifyIfPlayer(unit);
 }
 
@@ -851,19 +1017,21 @@ const Game::HookAutoRegister _hookAuraRemoved{
 
 } // namespace
 
-bool Get(uint64_t unitGuid, uint32_t spellId, uint64_t *outCaster,
+bool Get(uint64_t unitGuid, uint32_t spellId, int slot, uint64_t *outCaster,
          uint32_t *outExpirationMs, uint32_t *outDurationMs) {
     if (unitGuid == 0 || spellId == 0)
         return false;
-    for (const auto &e : g_cache) {
-        if (e.used && e.targetGuid == unitGuid && e.spellId == spellId) {
-            *outCaster = e.casterGuid;
-            *outExpirationMs = e.expirationMs;
-            *outDurationMs = e.durationMs;
-            return true;
-        }
-    }
-    return false;
+    // Slot first, then the sole entry (see FindInstance): several entries and no
+    // slot binding is a genuine ambiguity, so reporting the miss leaves the
+    // caller its unknown-caster defaults instead of one caster's timer on the
+    // other's aura.
+    const Entry *e = FindInstance(unitGuid, spellId, slot);
+    if (e == nullptr)
+        return false;
+    *outCaster = e->casterGuid;
+    *outExpirationMs = e->expirationMs;
+    *outDurationMs = e->durationMs;
+    return true;
 }
 
 bool AddDurationMod(uint32_t triggerSpellId, uint32_t affectedFamily,
@@ -881,7 +1049,8 @@ uint32_t RefreshDurationByFamily(uint64_t unitGuid, uint32_t family,
     if (unitGuid == 0 || mask == 0 || casterGuid == 0)
         return 0;
     const uint32_t now = NowMs();
-    for (auto &e : g_cache) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < g_usedHigh; ++i) {
+        Entry &e = g_cache[i];
         if (!e.used || e.targetGuid != unitGuid)
             continue;
         // Caller's own aura only, scoped as ApplyDurationModifiers scopes a
@@ -908,11 +1077,20 @@ uint32_t RefreshDurationByFamily(uint64_t unitGuid, uint32_t family,
     return 0;
 }
 
-void EvictAbsent(uint64_t unitGuid, const uint32_t *presentSpellIds, int count) {
-    if (unitGuid == 0 || presentSpellIds == nullptr || count <= 0)
+void EvictAbsent(uint64_t unitGuid, const uint32_t *slotSpellIds) {
+    if (unitGuid == 0 || slotSpellIds == nullptr)
         return;
+    bool anyPresent = false;
+    for (int s = 0; s < Offsets::UNIT_AURA_TOTAL; ++s)
+        if (slotSpellIds[s] != 0) {
+            anyPresent = true;
+            break;
+        }
+    if (!anyPresent)
+        return; // out of range vs genuinely buffless — see the header
     const uint32_t now = NowMs();
-    for (auto &e : g_cache) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < g_usedHigh; ++i) {
+        Entry &e = g_cache[i];
         if (!e.used || e.targetGuid != unitGuid)
             continue;
         // Fresh SpellGo capture the descriptor hasn't synced yet — see
@@ -920,11 +1098,18 @@ void EvictAbsent(uint64_t unitGuid, const uint32_t *presentSpellIds, int count)
         if (now - e.stampMs < kEvictGraceMs)
             continue;
         bool present = false;
-        for (int i = 0; i < count; ++i)
-            if (presentSpellIds[i] == e.spellId) {
-                present = true;
-                break;
-            }
+        if (e.slot != SLOT_UNBOUND) {
+            // A bound entry is only backed by the slot it was seated in, so a
+            // slot now holding a different spell (or nothing) leaves it stale
+            // even when another caster's copy keeps the spell ID on the unit.
+            present = slotSpellIds[e.slot] == e.spellId;
+        } else {
+            for (int s = 0; s < Offsets::UNIT_AURA_TOTAL; ++s)
+                if (slotSpellIds[s] == e.spellId) {
+                    present = true;
+                    break;
+                }
+        }
         if (!present)
             e.used = false;
     }
@@ -936,14 +1121,14 @@ int Enumerate(uint64_t unitGuid, bool harmful, CachedAura *out, int maxOut) {
     const int8_t want = harmful ? KIND_HARMFUL : KIND_HELPFUL;
     const uint32_t now = NowMs();
     int n = 0;
-    for (const auto &e : g_cache) {
-        if (n >= maxOut)
-            break;
+    for (int i = 0; i < g_usedHigh && n < maxOut; ++i) {
+        const Entry &e = g_cache[i];
         if (!e.used || e.targetGuid != unitGuid || e.kind != want)
             continue;
         if (e.expirationMs != 0 && now >= e.expirationMs)
             continue; // expired (infinite-duration entries pass)
-        out[n++] = {e.spellId, e.casterGuid, e.expirationMs, e.durationMs};
+        out[n++] = {e.spellId, e.casterGuid, e.expirationMs, e.durationMs,
+                    e.slot};
     }
     return n;
 }

src/aura/Source.h

@@ -19,7 +19,15 @@
 // the client ever sees the caster + a server-authoritative duration is the
 // `SMSG_SPELL_GO` packet at cast time. We parse it (the same packet
 // nampower parses for its `AURA_CAST_ON_*` events) and remember, per
-// `(targetGuid, spellId)`, who cast it and when it should expire.
+// `(targetGuid, spellId, casterGuid)`, who cast it and when it should expire.
+//
+// The caster belongs in that key because it belongs in the server's: two
+// same-class raiders' Corruption on one boss are two auras in two descriptor
+// slots, and a `(target, spell)` cache holds one entry for both — the second
+// cast overwrites the first caster's timing, and either copy falling off
+// evicts the survivor's entry too. The descriptor stores only spell IDs, so
+// each entry additionally records the slot its aura was seated in
+// (`OnAuraAdded`), which is what lets a per-slot query name the right instance.
 //
 // `Aura::Data::Push` consults this to fill `sourceUnit` (caster, resolved
 // to a unit token) and `expirationTime` for non-player units. The cache is
@@ -31,15 +39,25 @@
 
 namespace Aura::Source {
 
-// Looks up the cached caster + timing for the aura `spellId` currently on
-// the unit identified by `unitGuid`. Returns true and fills the out params
-// on a hit. `*outExpirationMs` is an absolute `GetTickCount`-epoch timestamp
-// (0 = unknown / infinite-duration aura); `*outDurationMs` is the applied
-// duration including the caster's modifiers (talents etc.; 0 = none) — use
-// it for the `duration` field so it stays consistent with `expirationTime`;
-// `*outCaster` is the caster's 64-bit GUID (never 0 on a hit). Returns false
-// on a miss or for zero inputs.
-bool Get(uint64_t unitGuid, uint32_t spellId, uint64_t *outCaster,
+// `slot` value for a query with no descriptor slot to go on (out-of-range
+// group array, cache fallback) and for an entry not yet seated in one.
+constexpr int SLOT_UNBOUND = -1;
+
+// Looks up the cached caster + timing for the aura `spellId` occupying
+// absolute descriptor `slot` on the unit identified by `unitGuid`. Returns
+// true and fills the out params on a hit. `*outExpirationMs` is an absolute
+// `GetTickCount`-epoch timestamp (0 = unknown / infinite-duration aura);
+// `*outDurationMs` is the applied duration including the caster's modifiers
+// (talents etc.; 0 = none) — use it for the `duration` field so it stays
+// consistent with `expirationTime`; `*outCaster` is the caster's 64-bit GUID
+// (0 when the aura was seen applied but its cast never observed). Returns
+// false on a miss or for zero inputs.
+//
+// Pass `SLOT_UNBOUND` when the caller has no slot. Resolution is by slot
+// first, then by spell ID when the unit carries only one entry for it; two
+// casters' entries with no slot binding resolve to a miss rather than to a
+// coin flip between them.
+bool Get(uint64_t unitGuid, uint32_t spellId, int slot, uint64_t *outCaster,
          uint32_t *outExpirationMs, uint32_t *outDurationMs);
 
 // Refreshes `casterGuid`'s aura on `unitGuid` matching the same selector the
@@ -76,19 +94,27 @@ struct CachedAura {
     uint64_t casterGuid;   // 0 = caster unknown (application hook, no SpellGo)
     uint32_t expirationMs; // 0 = infinite / unknown
     uint32_t durationMs;   // applied duration (incl. caster mods); 0 = none
+    int slot;              // descriptor slot the aura was seated in; feed it
+                           // back to `Get` to reach this exact entry again
 };
 
-// Evicts every cached entry for `unitGuid` whose spellId is NOT present in
-// `presentSpellIds[0..count)`. Used to reconcile the cache against a unit's
-// authoritative descriptor when it is back in view (a populated aura array
-// means the unit is fully synced): an entry the descriptor no longer lists
-// was removed while we couldn't observe it — e.g. a buff the owner cancelled
-// while out of our range, whose `OnAuraRemoved` we never received — so drop
-// it before the descriptor-drop fallback resurfaces it as a phantom. The
-// caller must only invoke this when the descriptor is populated (count > 0);
-// an empty array can't distinguish "out of range" from "genuinely buffless",
-// so reconciling then would wrongly wipe still-valid out-of-range entries.
-void EvictAbsent(uint64_t unitGuid, const uint32_t *presentSpellIds, int count);
+// Evicts every cached entry for `unitGuid` the unit's descriptor contradicts.
+// `slotSpellIds` is the raw `UNIT_FIELD_AURA` array — exactly
+// `Offsets::UNIT_AURA_TOTAL` spell IDs indexed by absolute slot, 0 for empty.
+// Used to reconcile the cache against a unit's authoritative descriptor when
+// it is back in view (a populated aura array means the unit is fully synced):
+// an entry the descriptor no longer backs was removed while we couldn't
+// observe it — e.g. a buff the owner cancelled while out of our range, whose
+// `OnAuraRemoved` we never received — so drop it before the descriptor-drop
+// fallback resurfaces it as a phantom.
+//
+// An entry seated in a slot is checked against THAT slot, so one caster's
+// copy going away retires its own entry even while another caster keeps the
+// spell ID present on the unit. Entries never seated are checked against the
+// whole array. An all-empty array is ignored: it can't distinguish "out of
+// range" from "genuinely buffless", and reconciling then would wrongly wipe
+// still-valid out-of-range entries.
+void EvictAbsent(uint64_t unitGuid, const uint32_t *slotSpellIds);
 
 // Fills `out` with up to `maxOut` cached, non-expired auras on `unitGuid`
 // whose helpful/harmful classification matches `harmful`. Returns the count

src/baselib/CollectGarbage.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,145 @@
+// This file is part of ClassicAPI.
+//
+// ClassicAPI is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms
+// of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation, either
+// version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// ClassicAPI is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
+// WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
+// PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
+// ClassicAPI. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+// `collectgarbage(opt [, arg])` — accept Lua 5.1's string options on the
+// 5.0 collector. 5.0's collectgarbage takes only an optional NUMBER (a KB
+// threshold for the next cycle) and errors on every 5.1 option (verified
+// in-game: `collectgarbage("count")` → "bad argument #1 (number expected,
+// got string)"). Shim dispatch:
+//
+//   "count"    → KB of Lua memory in use — the engine's own gcinfo()
+//                value, the same number 5.1's "count" reports.
+//   "collect"  → original collectgarbage(0): threshold 0 forces a full
+//                cycle, the canonical 5.0 "collect now". Returns 0.
+//   "step"     → no-op returning true ("cycle finished"): the 5.0 GC
+//                cannot step incrementally, and true is the loop-safe
+//                sentinel (`repeat until collectgarbage("step")` exits
+//                immediately instead of spinning forever).
+//   "stop" / "restart" / "setpause" / "setstepmul"
+//              → accepted no-ops returning 0 — the 5.0 GC has no toggle
+//                or tuning; callers just lose the optimization.
+//   number / no argument
+//              → forwarded to the original untouched (5.0 threshold
+//                semantics preserved for vanilla-era callers).
+//
+// The originals (`collectgarbage`, `gcinfo`) are function objects stashed
+// in the state's registry at registration, BEFORE the global is
+// overwritten — no raw engine address needed, and each /reload re-stashes
+// the freshly re-registered engine original (module callbacks run after
+// the engine's own registration pass). Registered on BOTH states.
+
+#include "Game.h"
+
+#include <cstring>
+
+namespace BaseLib::CollectGarbage {
+
+namespace {
+
+constexpr const char *kOrigCollect = "__classicapi_orig_collectgarbage";
+constexpr const char *kOrigGcInfo = "__classicapi_orig_gcinfo";
+
+// Pushes registry[key]; true when it holds a function (left on the
+// stack), false otherwise (stack unchanged).
+bool PushStashed(void *L, const char *key) {
+    Game::Lua::PushString(L, key);
+    Game::Lua::RawGet(L, Game::Lua::REGISTRY_INDEX);
+    if (Game::Lua::Type(L, -1) == Game::Lua::TYPE_FUNCTION)
+        return true;
+    Game::Lua::SetTop(L, -2);
+    return false;
+}
+
+int __fastcall Script_collectgarbage(void *L) {
+    if (Game::Lua::Type(L, 1) == Game::Lua::TYPE_STRING) {
+        const char *opt = Game::Lua::ToString(L, 1);
+        if (std::strcmp(opt, "count") == 0) {
+            if (PushStashed(L, kOrigGcInfo)) {
+                Game::Lua::Call(L, 0, 1); // gcinfo's first return = KB in use
+                return 1;
+            }
+            Game::Lua::PushNumber(L, 0.0); // no gcinfo on this state
+            return 1;
+        }
+        if (std::strcmp(opt, "collect") == 0) {
+            if (PushStashed(L, kOrigCollect)) {
+                Game::Lua::PushNumber(L, 0.0); // threshold 0 = collect now
+                Game::Lua::Call(L, 1, 0);
+            }
+            Game::Lua::PushNumber(L, 0.0); // 5.1 returns 0 for "collect"
+            return 1;
+        }
+        if (std::strcmp(opt, "step") == 0) {
+            Game::Lua::PushBool(L, true); // "cycle finished" — see header
+            return 1;
+        }
+        if (std::strcmp(opt, "stop") == 0 || std::strcmp(opt, "restart") == 0 ||
+            std::strcmp(opt, "setpause") == 0 ||
+            std::strcmp(opt, "setstepmul") == 0) {
+            Game::Lua::PushNumber(L, 0.0);
+            return 1;
+        }
+        Game::Lua::Error(L, "bad argument #1 to 'collectgarbage' (invalid option '%s')",
+                         opt);
+        return 0; // unreachable
+    }
+
+    // Number or no argument: original 5.0 threshold behavior, forwarded.
+    const int n = Game::Lua::GetTop(L);
+    if (!PushStashed(L, kOrigCollect))
+        return 0; // no original captured — inert
+    for (int idx = 1; idx <= n; ++idx)
+        Game::Lua::PushValue(L, idx);
+    Game::Lua::Call(L, n, Game::Lua::MULTRET);
+    return Game::Lua::GetTop(L) - n;
+}
+
+// Stashes the function at `_G[name]` under registry[key]; true when a
+// function was actually stashed.
+bool Stash(void *L, const char *name, const char *key) {
+    Game::Lua::PushString(L, name);
+    Game::Lua::GetTable(L, Game::Lua::GLOBALS_INDEX); // [fn?]
+    if (Game::Lua::Type(L, -1) != Game::Lua::TYPE_FUNCTION) {
+        Game::Lua::SetTop(L, -2);
+        return false;
+    }
+    Game::Lua::PushString(L, key); // [fn, key]
+    Game::Lua::Insert(L, -2);      // [key, fn]
+    Game::Lua::RawSet(L, Game::Lua::REGISTRY_INDEX);
+    return true;
+}
+
+void DoRegister(bool glue) {
+    void *L = Game::Lua::State();
+    if (L == nullptr)
+        return;
+    // Stash BEFORE overwriting; if the engine original is somehow absent,
+    // leave the global untouched rather than installing a dead shim.
+    if (!Stash(L, "collectgarbage", kOrigCollect))
+        return;
+    Stash(L, "gcinfo", kOrigGcInfo); // optional; "count" degrades to 0
+    if (glue)
+        Game::Lua::RegisterGlueFunction("collectgarbage", &Script_collectgarbage);
+    else
+        Game::Lua::RegisterGlobalFunction("collectgarbage", &Script_collectgarbage);
+}
+
+void RegisterInGame() { DoRegister(false); }
+void RegisterGlue() { DoRegister(true); }
+
+const Game::ModuleAutoRegister _autoreg{&RegisterInGame};
+const Game::GlueModuleAutoRegister _autoregGlue{&RegisterGlue};
+
+} // namespace
+
+} // namespace BaseLib::CollectGarbage

src/baselib/StringLib.cpp

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 //
 //   - `string.match(s, pattern [, init])` — first-match extraction (5.1).
 //   - `string.gmatch(s, pattern)`         — match iterator (5.1).
+//   - `string.gsub` TABLE replacement     — 5.1 form (see the shim below).
 //   - `strsplit(sep, str [, pieces])`     — WoW global; split on any char.
 //   - `strjoin(delimiter, ...)`           — WoW global; join varargs.
 //   - `strtrim(str [, chars])`            — WoW global; trim a char set.
@@ -28,12 +29,11 @@
 //     it as a direct alias of the engine's `gfind` C function.
 // `strsplit` is a hand-rolled port of 3.3.5's `strsplit` (see below).
 //
-// NOTE: only the `string.foo(s, ...)` call form works — NOT the
-// `("x"):foo(...)` method sugar. WoW's Lua VM strips type-metatables for
-// every value except tables/userdata (both `lua_setmetatable` and the VM's
-// `luaT_gettmbyobj` hard-return "no metamethod" for strings), so strings have
-// no `__index`, and there's no client-side way to add one short of hooking a
-// hot VM-core function. This is the long-standing vanilla constraint.
+// NOTE: both call forms work — `string.foo(s, ...)` AND the `("x"):foo(...)`
+// method sugar. Method calls resolve through this same `string` table via
+// LuaSyntax::StringMethods (the Lua 5.1 string-metatable backport), so
+// everything registered here is automatically reachable as a method, on
+// both states.
 
 #include "Game.h"
 #include "Offsets.h"
@@ -261,11 +261,138 @@ int __fastcall Script_string_reverse(void *L) {
     return 1;
 }
 
+// --- string.gsub table-replacement upgrade (Lua 5.1) ------------------------
+//
+// 5.1 allows a TABLE as gsub's replacement: each match looks up the first
+// capture (the whole match when the pattern declares no captures) in the
+// table; a nil/false value keeps the original match; string/number values
+// substitute. This engine's gsub (FUN_LUA_STR_GSUB) is stock 5.0 —
+// string/function only ("string or function expected" otherwise), and its
+// add_value appends NOTHING when a replacement function returns a
+// non-string (match → empty; verified by decode, see Offsets.h). So a
+// plain table→closure adapter would EAT unmatched tokens where 5.1 keeps
+// them, and the closure can't reconstruct the whole match from capture
+// args alone.
+//
+// The shim therefore rewrites the pattern with one OUTER capture —
+// `pat` → `(pat)`, keeping a leading `^` and an unescaped trailing `$`
+// outside (both are anchors only at their positional ends; inside the
+// parens they'd turn literal) — so the adapter closure always receives
+// the whole match as arg 1, the pattern's own first capture as arg 2, and
+// can hand arg 1 back to reproduce 5.1's keep-match for missing keys.
+// Patterns containing a `%1`..`%9` back-reference can't be wrapped (the
+// outer capture would renumber what `%N` refers to); those fall back to
+// an unwrapped adapter whose missing-key behavior is the engine's own
+// (match → empty) — the one documented divergence, and the combination
+// (table replacement + pattern back-references) is essentially absent
+// from real code. String/function replacements tail-call the engine gsub
+// untouched.
+
+// True when the pattern contains a `%1`..`%9` back-reference. Escape-aware:
+// the char after any `%` is consumed, so `%%1` (literal percent, then '1')
+// doesn't count.
+bool PatternHasBackref(const char *p, unsigned len) {
+    for (unsigned i = 0; i + 1 < len; ++i) {
+        if (p[i] != '%')
+            continue;
+        const char c = p[i + 1];
+        if (c >= '1' && c <= '9')
+            return true;
+        ++i; // skip the escaped char
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+
+// Adapter for the wrapped-pattern path: arg 1 = whole match, arg 2 = the
+// pattern's own first capture (when it declared any). Upvalue 1 = the
+// replacement table. Missing/false value → return the whole match (5.1's
+// keep-match).
+int __fastcall GsubTableLookupWrapped(void *L) {
+    const int nargs = Game::Lua::GetTop(L);
+    Game::Lua::PushValue(L, nargs >= 2 ? 2 : 1);        // the 5.1 lookup key
+    Game::Lua::GetTable(L, Game::Lua::UpvalueIndex(1)); // tbl[key]
+    const int t = Game::Lua::Type(L, -1);
+    if (t == Game::Lua::TYPE_NIL ||
+        (t == Game::Lua::TYPE_BOOLEAN && Game::Lua::ToBoolean(L, -1) == 0))
+        Game::Lua::PushValue(L, 1); // keep the original match
+    return 1;                       // top value is the result
+}
+
+// Adapter for back-reference patterns (unwrapped): arg 1 is already the
+// 5.1 key. A missing key returns nil → the engine appends nothing.
+int __fastcall GsubTableLookupPlain(void *L) {
+    Game::Lua::PushValue(L, 1);
+    Game::Lua::GetTable(L, Game::Lua::UpvalueIndex(1));
+    return 1;
+}
+
+int __fastcall Script_string_gsub(void *L) {
+    const auto engineGsub =
+        reinterpret_cast<Game::Lua::CFunction>(Offsets::FUN_LUA_STR_GSUB);
+    if (Game::Lua::Type(L, 3) != Game::Lua::TYPE_TABLE)
+        return engineGsub(L); // string/function/error paths untouched
+
+    const char *pat = Game::Lua::ToString(L, 2);
+    if (pat == nullptr)
+        return engineGsub(L); // let the engine raise its own arg error
+    const unsigned patLen = Game::Lua::StrLen(L, 2);
+
+    Game::Lua::SetTop(L, 4); // normalize to (s, pat, tbl, n) — gsub reads ≤4
+
+    if (!PatternHasBackref(pat, patLen)) {
+        // Build `(body)` with the anchors outside the capture.
+        unsigned b = 0, e = patLen;
+        std::string wrapped;
+        wrapped.reserve(patLen + 3);
+        if (e > b && pat[0] == '^') {
+            wrapped += '^';
+            b = 1;
+        }
+        bool anchoredBack = false;
+        if (e > b && pat[e - 1] == '$') {
+            // `$` is an anchor only when not %-escaped: an even number of
+            // `%` immediately before it means the `$` itself is unescaped.
+            unsigned pc = 0;
+            for (int idx = static_cast<int>(e) - 2;
+                 idx >= static_cast<int>(b) && pat[idx] == '%'; --idx)
+                ++pc;
+            anchoredBack = (pc % 2) == 0;
+            if (anchoredBack)
+                --e;
+        }
+        wrapped += '(';
+        wrapped.append(pat + b, e - b);
+        wrapped += ')';
+        if (anchoredBack)
+            wrapped += '$';
+
+        Game::Lua::PushLString(L, wrapped.data(),
+                               static_cast<unsigned int>(wrapped.size())); // 5
+        Game::Lua::PushValue(L, 3);                                        // 6: tbl
+        Game::Lua::PushCClosure(L, &GsubTableLookupWrapped, 1);            // 6: closure
+        Game::Lua::Insert(L, 2); // closure→2: s, closure, pat, tbl, n, wrapped
+        Game::Lua::Insert(L, 2); // wrapped→2: s, wrapped, closure, pat, tbl, n
+        Game::Lua::Remove(L, 4); // drop the original pattern
+        Game::Lua::Remove(L, 4); // drop the table → (s, wrapped, closure, n)
+    } else {
+        Game::Lua::PushValue(L, 3);                           // 5: tbl
+        Game::Lua::PushCClosure(L, &GsubTableLookupPlain, 1); // 5: closure
+        Game::Lua::Insert(L, 3); // → s, pat, closure, tbl, n
+        Game::Lua::Remove(L, 4); // → s, pat, closure, n
+    }
+    return engineGsub(L);
+}
+
 void RegisterFns() {
     Game::Lua::RegisterTableFunction("string", "match", &Script_string_match);
     Game::Lua::RegisterTableFunction("string", "gmatch", Script_string_gmatch);
+    Game::Lua::RegisterTableFunction("string", "gsub", &Script_string_gsub);
     Game::Lua::RegisterTableFunction("string", "reverse", &Script_string_reverse);
     Game::Lua::RegisterTableFunction("string", "split", &Script_strsplit);
+    // The bare `gsub` global (1.12 exposes the string functions as globals
+    // too) must match `string.gsub`, so addons calling either form get the
+    // table-replacement upgrade.
+    Game::Lua::RegisterGlobalFunction("gsub", &Script_string_gsub);
     Game::Lua::RegisterGlobalFunction("strsplit", &Script_strsplit);
     Game::Lua::RegisterGlobalFunction("strjoin", &Script_strjoin);
     Game::Lua::RegisterGlobalFunction("strtrim", &Script_strtrim);

src/baselib/Unpack.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+// This file is part of ClassicAPI.
+//
+// ClassicAPI is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms
+// of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation, either
+// version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// ClassicAPI is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
+// WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
+// PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
+// ClassicAPI. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+// `unpack(list [, i [, j]])` — upgrade 1.12's Lua 5.0 `unpack` to the 5.1
+// signature. 5.0's unpack takes NO range arguments and silently ignores
+// extras, so 5.1 code calling `unpack(t, 2)` got the WHOLE table back —
+// wrong values with no error, the worst failure mode (verified in-game:
+// `unpack({10,20,30}, 2)` returned 10, 20, 30). This replacement is a
+// port of 5.1's `luaB_unpack` (lbaselib.c): `i` defaults to 1 and `j` to
+// the table length via luaL_getn — which reads a `t.n` field first, so
+// the transpiler's `unpack(arg)` vararg expansion keeps its
+// embedded-nil-aware count exactly as before.
+//
+// Registered on BOTH states (language-level helper, both are 5.0).
+
+#include "Game.h"
+#include "Offsets.h"
+
+namespace BaseLib::Unpack {
+
+namespace {
+
+// Engine auxlib/API entries (see Offsets.h for derivations).
+using LuaLGetN_t = int(__fastcall *)(void *L, int idx);
+using RawGetI_t = void(__fastcall *)(void *L, int idx, int n);
+
+// Range argument at `idx`: absent/nil → `fallback`; a number (or numeric
+// string, matching luaL_optint's coercion) → its value; anything else
+// errors like 5.1's luaL_optint.
+int OptRange(void *L, int idx, int fallback) {
+    if (Game::Lua::Type(L, idx) <= Game::Lua::TYPE_NIL) // none or nil
+        return fallback;
+    if (!Game::Lua::IsNumber(L, idx)) {
+        Game::Lua::Error(L, "bad argument #%d to 'unpack' (number expected)", idx);
+        return 0; // unreachable
+    }
+    return static_cast<int>(Game::Lua::ToNumber(L, idx));
+}
+
+int __fastcall Script_unpack(void *L) {
+    if (Game::Lua::Type(L, 1) != Game::Lua::TYPE_TABLE) {
+        Game::Lua::Error(L, "bad argument #1 to 'unpack' (table expected)");
+        return 0; // unreachable
+    }
+    const int i = OptRange(L, 2, 1);
+    const int e = OptRange(
+        L, 3, reinterpret_cast<LuaLGetN_t>(Offsets::LUAL_GETN)(L, 1));
+    if (i > e)
+        return 0;
+    // `n <= 0` guards the int overflow of `e - i + 1` (i <= e holds here),
+    // mirroring 5.1's luaB_unpack.
+    const int n = e - i + 1;
+    if (n <= 0 || Game::Lua::CheckStack(L, n) == 0) {
+        Game::Lua::Error(L, "too many results to unpack");
+        return 0; // unreachable
+    }
+    const auto rawGetI = reinterpret_cast<RawGetI_t>(Offsets::LUA_RAWGETI);
+    for (int k = i; k <= e; ++k)
+        rawGetI(L, 1, k);
+    return n;
+}
+
+void RegisterInGame() {
+    Game::Lua::RegisterGlobalFunction("unpack", &Script_unpack);
+}
+
+void RegisterGlue() {
+    Game::Lua::RegisterGlueFunction("unpack", &Script_unpack);
+}
+
+const Game::ModuleAutoRegister _autoreg{&RegisterInGame};
+const Game::GlueModuleAutoRegister _autoregGlue{&RegisterGlue};
+
+} // namespace
+
+} // namespace BaseLib::Unpack

src/bindings/Api.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,620 @@
+// This file is part of ClassicAPI.
+//
+// ClassicAPI is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+// the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
+// Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later
+// version.
+//
+// ClassicAPI is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
+// WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
+// ClassicAPI. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+// Backports the direct-action and override binding APIs introduced in 2.0.
+// Normal bindings are stored by vanilla's SetBinding implementation using the
+// later-client SPELL/ITEM/MACRO/CLICK command strings. The resolved-command
+// hook executes those four command families; every native binding command is
+// passed through unchanged.
+//
+// Override bindings live in a separate owner-scoped layer in front of the
+// native key lookup. They are deliberately never written to the saved binding
+// table, so clearing an owner immediately reveals the next override or the
+// unchanged native binding underneath it.
+
+#include "Game.h"
+#include "Offsets.h"
+#include "macro/Execute.h"
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <string>
+#include <unordered_map>
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace Bindings::Api {
+
+namespace {
+
+constexpr const char kSpellPrefix[] = "SPELL ";
+constexpr const char kItemPrefix[] = "ITEM ";
+constexpr const char kMacroPrefix[] = "MACRO ";
+constexpr const char kClickPrefix[] = "CLICK ";
+constexpr const char kDefaultMouseButton[] = "LeftButton";
+
+using ScriptSetBinding_t = int(__fastcall *)(void *L);
+using KeyDispatch_t = int(__thiscall *)(void *mgr, const char *key, int isDown);
+using CommandExecute_t = int(__thiscall *)(void *mgr, const char *cmd, int isDown);
+
+KeyDispatch_t KeyDispatch_o = nullptr;
+CommandExecute_t CommandExecute_o = nullptr;
+
+enum class CommandType {
+    None,
+    Spell,
+    Item,
+    Macro,
+    Click,
+};
+
+struct ParsedCommand {
+    CommandType type = CommandType::None;
+    const char *argument = nullptr;
+};
+
+struct OverrideEntry {
+    const void *owner = nullptr;
+    std::string key;
+    std::string command;
+    bool priority = false;
+    uint64_t sequence = 0;
+};
+
+std::vector<OverrideEntry> g_overrides;
+std::unordered_map<std::string, std::string> g_activeOverrides;
+uint64_t g_nextSequence = 0;
+
+// Normalizes a binding key to the engine's own canonical form so a stored
+// override matches the string FUN_BINDING_KEY_DISPATCH builds at keypress. The
+// engine's key-string builder (FUN_004b6630) always emits modifiers in the
+// fixed order ALT-CTRL-SHIFT- ahead of the base key, regardless of the order
+// the caller passed them; vanilla SetBinding never reorders, so the override
+// layer does it here. Both the store and the lookup run through this, so they
+// stay consistent while also matching the engine's keypress form.
+std::string CanonicalKey(const char *key) {
+    std::string result = key ? key : "";
+    for (char &character : result) {
+        if (character >= 'a' && character <= 'z')
+            character = static_cast<char>(character - 'a' + 'A');
+    }
+
+    // Strip the three modifier prefixes in whatever order/repetition they
+    // appear, then re-emit them in the engine's fixed order. Prefix-stripping
+    // (rather than splitting on '-') keeps the minus base key correct, e.g.
+    // "SHIFT--" -> modifier SHIFT + base "-".
+    bool alt = false, ctrl = false, shift = false;
+    size_t base = 0;
+    for (bool matched = true; matched;) {
+        matched = false;
+        if (result.compare(base, 4, "ALT-") == 0) {
+            alt = true;
+            base += 4;
+            matched = true;
+        } else if (result.compare(base, 5, "CTRL-") == 0) {
+            ctrl = true;
+            base += 5;
+            matched = true;
+        } else if (result.compare(base, 6, "SHIFT-") == 0) {
+            shift = true;
+            base += 6;
+            matched = true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (!alt && !ctrl && !shift)
+        return result;
+
+    std::string canonical;
+    if (alt)
+        canonical += "ALT-";
+    if (ctrl)
+        canonical += "CTRL-";
+    if (shift)
+        canonical += "SHIFT-";
+    canonical += result.substr(base);
+
+    return canonical;
+}
+
+std::string MakeCommand(const char *prefix, const char *arg) {
+    std::string cmd = prefix;
+    cmd += arg;
+    return cmd;
+}
+
+std::string MakeClickCommand(const char *btnName, const char *mouseBtn) {
+    std::string cmd = MakeCommand(kClickPrefix, btnName);
+    if (mouseBtn != nullptr) {
+        cmd += ':';
+        cmd += mouseBtn;
+    }
+
+    return cmd;
+}
+
+ParsedCommand ParseCommand(const char *cmd) {
+    if (cmd == nullptr)
+        return {};
+
+    struct PrefixEntry {
+        const char *prefix;
+        size_t length;
+        CommandType type;
+    };
+
+    static constexpr PrefixEntry prefixes[] = {
+        {kSpellPrefix, sizeof(kSpellPrefix) - 1, CommandType::Spell},
+        {kItemPrefix, sizeof(kItemPrefix) - 1, CommandType::Item},
+        {kMacroPrefix, sizeof(kMacroPrefix) - 1, CommandType::Macro},
+        {kClickPrefix, sizeof(kClickPrefix) - 1, CommandType::Click},
+    };
+
+    for (const PrefixEntry &entry : prefixes) {
+        if (std::strncmp(cmd, entry.prefix, entry.length) == 0)
+            return {entry.type, cmd + entry.length};
+    }
+
+    return {};
+}
+
+bool CallGlobalString(void *L, const char *func, const char *arg) {
+    const int top = Game::Lua::GetTop(L);
+    if (!Game::Lua::PushGlobalFunction(L, func)) {
+        Game::Lua::SetTop(L, top);
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    Game::Lua::PushString(L, arg);
+    const bool ok = Game::Lua::PCall(L, 1, 0, 0) == 0;
+    Game::Lua::SetTop(L, top);
+
+    return ok;
+}
+
+bool CallTableString(void *L, const char *table, const char *func, const char *arg) {
+    const int top = Game::Lua::GetTop(L);
+
+    Game::Lua::PushString(L, table);
+    Game::Lua::GetTable(L, Game::Lua::GLOBALS_INDEX);
+    if (Game::Lua::Type(L, -1) != Game::Lua::TYPE_TABLE) {
+        Game::Lua::SetTop(L, top);
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    const int tableIndex = Game::Lua::GetTop(L);
+
+    Game::Lua::PushString(L, func);
+    Game::Lua::GetTable(L, tableIndex);
+    if (Game::Lua::Type(L, -1) != Game::Lua::TYPE_FUNCTION) {
+        Game::Lua::SetTop(L, top);
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    Game::Lua::PushString(L, arg);
+    const bool ok = Game::Lua::PCall(L, 1, 0, 0) == 0;
+    Game::Lua::SetTop(L, top);
+
+    return ok;
+}
+
+void InvokeButtonClick(void *L, const char *btnName, size_t btnNameLength, const char *mouseBtn) {
+    const int top = Game::Lua::GetTop(L);
+
+    Game::Lua::PushLString(L, btnName, static_cast<unsigned int>(btnNameLength));
+    Game::Lua::GetTable(L, Game::Lua::GLOBALS_INDEX);
+    if (Game::Lua::Type(L, -1) != Game::Lua::TYPE_TABLE) {
+        Game::Lua::SetTop(L, top);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    const int frameIndex = Game::Lua::GetTop(L);
+    Game::Lua::PushString(L, "Click");
+    Game::Lua::GetTable(L, frameIndex);
+    if (Game::Lua::Type(L, -1) == Game::Lua::TYPE_FUNCTION) {
+        Game::Lua::PushValue(L, frameIndex);
+        Game::Lua::PushString(L, mouseBtn);
+        Game::Lua::PCall(L, 2, 0, 0);
+    }
+
+    Game::Lua::SetTop(L, top);
+}
+
+void ExecuteClick(void *L, const char *arg) {
+    const char *separator = std::strrchr(arg, ':');
+    if (separator == arg || (separator != nullptr && separator[1] == '\0'))
+        return;
+
+    const char *mouseBtn = kDefaultMouseButton;
+    size_t btnNameLength = std::strlen(arg);
+    if (separator != nullptr) {
+        btnNameLength = static_cast<size_t>(separator - arg);
+        mouseBtn = separator + 1;
+    }
+
+    if (btnNameLength == 0)
+        return;
+
+    InvokeButtonClick(L, arg, btnNameLength, mouseBtn);
+}
+
+// Returns true for every recognized direct-action command, including malformed
+// or stale commands. Vanilla cannot execute these namespaces, so a bad command
+// is consumed as a no-op instead of falling through to an unrelated handler.
+bool ExecuteSpecialCommand(const char *cmd, int isDown) {
+    const ParsedCommand parsed = ParseCommand(cmd);
+    if (parsed.type == CommandType::None)
+        return false;
+
+    if (!isDown || parsed.argument == nullptr || *parsed.argument == '\0')
+        return true;
+
+    void *L = Game::Lua::State();
+    if (L == nullptr)
+        return true;
+
+    switch (parsed.type) {
+    case CommandType::Spell:
+        CallGlobalString(L, "CastSpellByName", parsed.argument);
+        break;
+    case CommandType::Item:
+        CallTableString(L, "C_Item", "UseItemByName", parsed.argument);
+        break;
+    case CommandType::Macro:
+        Macro::Execute::Saved(L, parsed.argument);
+        break;
+    case CommandType::Click:
+        ExecuteClick(L, parsed.argument);
+        break;
+    default:
+        break;
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+const OverrideEntry *FindEffectiveOverride(const std::string &key) {
+    const OverrideEntry *best = nullptr;
+    for (const OverrideEntry &entry : g_overrides) {
+        if (entry.key != key)
+            continue;
+
+        if (best == nullptr || entry.priority > best->priority ||
+            (entry.priority == best->priority && entry.sequence > best->sequence))
+            best = &entry;
+    }
+
+    return best;
+}
+
+void SetOverride(const void *owner, bool priority, const std::string &key, const std::string &cmd) {
+    auto existing =
+        std::find_if(g_overrides.begin(), g_overrides.end(),
+                     [&](const OverrideEntry &entry) {
+                         return entry.owner == owner && entry.key == key;
+                     });
+
+    if (existing == g_overrides.end()) {
+        g_overrides.push_back(
+            {owner, key, cmd, priority, ++g_nextSequence});
+        return;
+    }
+
+    existing->command = cmd;
+    existing->priority = priority;
+    existing->sequence = ++g_nextSequence;
+}
+
+void RemoveOverride(const void *owner, const std::string &key) {
+    g_overrides.erase(std::remove_if(g_overrides.begin(), g_overrides.end(),
+                                     [&](const OverrideEntry &entry) {
+                                         return entry.owner == owner &&
+                                                entry.key == key;
+                                     }),
+                      g_overrides.end());
+}
+
+int ExecuteCommand(void *mgr, const char *cmd, int isDown) {
+    if (ExecuteSpecialCommand(cmd, isDown))
+        return 1;
+
+    return CommandExecute_o(mgr, cmd, isDown);
+}
+
+int __fastcall CommandExecute_h(void *mgr, void *, const char *cmd, int isDown) {
+    return ExecuteCommand(mgr, cmd, isDown);
+}
+
+// Runs an override-resolved command with the same execution context the engine
+// wraps around a native keypress. FUN_BINDING_KEY_DISPATCH saves the frame-
+// script exec-context, zeroes it for the nested command, marks the manager as
+// mid-command (`+0xD8`), then restores the context and floors the nesting
+// depth. Native-table bindings already run inside this (the engine sets it up
+// before calling FUN_BINDING_COMMAND_EXECUTE, which we co-hook); overrides
+// bypass that path, so we mirror it here. Without it, a native Bindings.xml
+// command dispatched through an override would run without the context its
+// handler expects. Special SPELL/ITEM/MACRO/CLICK commands run harmlessly
+// inside the same wrapper.
+int DispatchOverrideCommand(void *mgr, const char *cmd, int isDown) {
+    volatile uint32_t *context =
+        reinterpret_cast<volatile uint32_t *>(Offsets::VAR_FRAMESCRIPT_EXEC_CONTEXT);
+    volatile uint32_t *depth = reinterpret_cast<volatile uint32_t *>(
+        Offsets::VAR_FRAMESCRIPT_EXEC_CONTEXT_DEPTH);
+    volatile uint32_t *executing =
+        Game::Ptr<volatile uint32_t>(mgr, Offsets::OFF_BINDING_MANAGER_EXECUTING);
+
+    const uint32_t savedContext = *context;
+    *depth = *depth + 1;
+    if (*depth != 0)
+        *context = 0;
+
+    *executing = 1;
+    const int result = ExecuteCommand(mgr, cmd, isDown);
+    *executing = 0;
+
+    if (*depth != 0)
+        *context = savedContext;
+    if (static_cast<int32_t>(*depth) - 1 > 0)
+        *depth = *depth - 1;
+    else
+        *depth = 0;
+
+    return result;
+}
+
+int __fastcall KeyDispatch_h(void *mgr, void *, const char *key, int isDown) {
+    const std::string canonicalKey = CanonicalKey(key);
+
+    // Keep a key-down paired with its override command even if that override is
+    // cleared while the command executes. The newly revealed native binding
+    // must not receive only the key-up half of the same physical press.
+    if (!isDown) {
+        auto active = g_activeOverrides.find(canonicalKey);
+        if (active != g_activeOverrides.end()) {
+            DispatchOverrideCommand(mgr, active->second.c_str(), 0);
+            g_activeOverrides.erase(active);
+            return 1;
+        }
+    }
+
+    const OverrideEntry *entry = FindEffectiveOverride(canonicalKey);
+    if (entry == nullptr)
+        return KeyDispatch_o(mgr, key, isDown);
+
+    if (isDown)
+        g_activeOverrides[canonicalKey] = entry->command;
+
+    return DispatchOverrideCommand(mgr, entry->command.c_str(), isDown);
+}
+
+int SetBindingCommand(void *L, const char *prefix, const char *usage) {
+    if (!Game::Lua::IsString(L, 1) || !Game::Lua::IsString(L, 2)) {
+        Game::Lua::Error(L, usage);
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    const std::string key = Game::Lua::ToString(L, 1);
+    const std::string command = MakeCommand(prefix, Game::Lua::ToString(L, 2));
+
+    // Preserve the stock SetBinding return value, binding-set selection,
+    // key normalization, UPDATE_BINDINGS event, and SaveBindings behavior.
+    Game::Lua::SetTop(L, 0);
+    Game::Lua::PushString(L, key.c_str());
+    Game::Lua::PushString(L, command.c_str());
+    auto setBinding =
+        reinterpret_cast<ScriptSetBinding_t>(Offsets::FUN_SCRIPT_SET_BINDING);
+
+    return setBinding(L);
+}
+
+const char *OptionalMouseButton(void *L, int index, const char *usage) {
+    if (Game::Lua::GetTop(L) < index || Game::Lua::Type(L, index) == Game::Lua::TYPE_NIL)
+        return nullptr;
+
+    if (!Game::Lua::IsString(L, index)) {
+        Game::Lua::Error(L, usage);
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    return Game::Lua::ToString(L, index);
+}
+
+int __fastcall Script_SetBindingSpell(void *L) {
+    return SetBindingCommand(L, kSpellPrefix, "Usage: SetBindingSpell(key, spell)");
+}
+
+int __fastcall Script_SetBindingItem(void *L) {
+    return SetBindingCommand(L, kItemPrefix, "Usage: SetBindingItem(key, item)");
+}
+
+int __fastcall Script_SetBindingMacro(void *L) {
+    return SetBindingCommand(L, kMacroPrefix, "Usage: SetBindingMacro(key, macro)");
+}
+
+int __fastcall Script_SetBindingClick(void *L) {
+    constexpr const char *usage = "Usage: SetBindingClick(key, buttonName [, mouseButton])";
+    if (!Game::Lua::IsString(L, 1) || !Game::Lua::IsString(L, 2)) {
+        Game::Lua::Error(L, usage);
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    const std::string key = Game::Lua::ToString(L, 1);
+    const char *buttonName = Game::Lua::ToString(L, 2);
+    const char *mouseButton = OptionalMouseButton(L, 3, usage);
+    const std::string command = MakeClickCommand(buttonName, mouseButton);
+
+    Game::Lua::SetTop(L, 0);
+    Game::Lua::PushString(L, key.c_str());
+    Game::Lua::PushString(L, command.c_str());
+    auto setBinding =
+        reinterpret_cast<ScriptSetBinding_t>(Offsets::FUN_SCRIPT_SET_BINDING);
+
+    return setBinding(L);
+}
+
+bool ReadOverrideHeader(void *L, const char *usage, const void **owner,
+                        bool *priority, std::string *key) {
+    *owner = Game::Lua::ResolveObject(L, 1);
+    if (*owner == nullptr || Game::Lua::Type(L, 2) != Game::Lua::TYPE_BOOLEAN ||
+        !Game::Lua::IsString(L, 3)) {
+        Game::Lua::Error(L, usage);
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    *priority = Game::Lua::ToBoolean(L, 2) != 0;
+    *key = CanonicalKey(Game::Lua::ToString(L, 3));
+    return true;
+}
+
+int SetOverrideBindingCommand(void *L, const char *prefix, const char *usage) {
+    const void *owner = nullptr;
+    bool priority = false;
+
+    std::string key;
+    if (!ReadOverrideHeader(L, usage, &owner, &priority, &key))
+        return 0;
+
+    if (!Game::Lua::IsString(L, 4)) {
+        Game::Lua::Error(L, usage);
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    SetOverride(owner, priority, key,
+                MakeCommand(prefix, Game::Lua::ToString(L, 4)));
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+int __fastcall Script_SetOverrideBinding(void *L) {
+    constexpr const char *usage = "Usage: SetOverrideBinding(owner, isPriority, key [, command])";
+    const void *owner = nullptr;
+    bool priority = false;
+
+    std::string key;
+    if (!ReadOverrideHeader(L, usage, &owner, &priority, &key))
+        return 0;
+
+    if (Game::Lua::GetTop(L) < 4 ||
+        Game::Lua::Type(L, 4) == Game::Lua::TYPE_NIL) {
+        RemoveOverride(owner, key);
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    if (!Game::Lua::IsString(L, 4)) {
+        Game::Lua::Error(L, usage);
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    SetOverride(owner, priority, key, Game::Lua::ToString(L, 4));
+    return 0;
+}
+
+int __fastcall Script_SetOverrideBindingSpell(void *L) {
+    return SetOverrideBindingCommand(
+        L, kSpellPrefix,
+        "Usage: SetOverrideBindingSpell(owner, isPriority, key, spell)");
+}
+
+int __fastcall Script_SetOverrideBindingItem(void *L) {
+    return SetOverrideBindingCommand(
+        L, kItemPrefix,
+        "Usage: SetOverrideBindingItem(owner, isPriority, key, item)");
+}
+
+int __fastcall Script_SetOverrideBindingMacro(void *L) {
+    return SetOverrideBindingCommand(
+        L, kMacroPrefix,
+        "Usage: SetOverrideBindingMacro(owner, isPriority, key, macro)");
+}
+
+int __fastcall Script_SetOverrideBindingClick(void *L) {
+    constexpr const char *usage =
+        "Usage: SetOverrideBindingClick(owner, "
+        "isPriority, key, buttonName [, mouseButton])";
+
+    const void *owner = nullptr;
+    bool priority = false;
+
+    std::string key;
+    if (!ReadOverrideHeader(L, usage, &owner, &priority, &key))
+        return 0;
+
+    if (!Game::Lua::IsString(L, 4)) {
+        Game::Lua::Error(L, usage);
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    const char *buttonName = Game::Lua::ToString(L, 4);
+    const char *mouseButton = OptionalMouseButton(L, 5, usage);
+    SetOverride(owner, priority, key,
+                MakeClickCommand(buttonName, mouseButton));
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+int __fastcall Script_ClearOverrideBindings(void *L) {
+    const void *owner = Game::Lua::ResolveObject(L, 1);
+    if (owner == nullptr) {
+        Game::Lua::Error(L, "Usage: ClearOverrideBindings(owner)");
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    g_overrides.erase(std::remove_if(g_overrides.begin(), g_overrides.end(),
+                                     [&](const OverrideEntry &entry) {
+                                         return entry.owner == owner;
+                                     }),
+                      g_overrides.end());
+    return 0;
+}
+
+void RegisterLuaFunctions() {
+    // A fresh FrameScript state makes every owner pointer from the previous
+    // state stale. Permanent bindings remain in vanilla's binding table.
+    g_overrides.clear();
+    g_activeOverrides.clear();
+    g_nextSequence = 0;
+
+    Game::Lua::RegisterGlobalFunction("SetBindingSpell", &Script_SetBindingSpell);
+    Game::Lua::RegisterGlobalFunction("SetBindingItem", &Script_SetBindingItem);
+    Game::Lua::RegisterGlobalFunction("SetBindingMacro", &Script_SetBindingMacro);
+    Game::Lua::RegisterGlobalFunction("SetBindingClick", &Script_SetBindingClick);
+    Game::Lua::RegisterGlobalFunction("SetOverrideBinding",
+                                      &Script_SetOverrideBinding);
+    Game::Lua::RegisterGlobalFunction("SetOverrideBindingSpell",
+                                      &Script_SetOverrideBindingSpell);
+    Game::Lua::RegisterGlobalFunction("SetOverrideBindingItem",
+                                      &Script_SetOverrideBindingItem);
+    Game::Lua::RegisterGlobalFunction("SetOverrideBindingMacro",
+                                      &Script_SetOverrideBindingMacro);
+    Game::Lua::RegisterGlobalFunction("SetOverrideBindingClick",
+                                      &Script_SetOverrideBindingClick);
+    Game::Lua::RegisterGlobalFunction("ClearOverrideBindings",
+                                      &Script_ClearOverrideBindings);
+}
+
+const Game::ModuleAutoRegister _autoreg{&RegisterLuaFunctions};
+
+const Game::HookAutoRegister _hookKeyDispatch{
+    Offsets::FUN_BINDING_KEY_DISPATCH, reinterpret_cast<void *>(&KeyDispatch_h),
+    reinterpret_cast<void **>(&KeyDispatch_o)};
+
+const Game::HookAutoRegister _hookCommandExecute{
+    Offsets::FUN_BINDING_COMMAND_EXECUTE,
+    reinterpret_cast<void *>(&CommandExecute_h),
+    reinterpret_cast<void **>(&CommandExecute_o)};
+
+} // namespace
+
+} // namespace Bindings::Api

src/chat/CurrentGUID.cpp

@@ -18,29 +18,19 @@
 // against an internal cache to identify the player. With this we
 // just read the GUID directly.
 //
-// Implementation: the SMSG_MESSAGECHAT handler at FUN_0049D560 reads
-// the senderGUID from the packet (offsets `[ebp-0x10]` / `[ebp-0xC]`
-// in that function's stack frame) and forwards it as args 9-10 to
-// the chat dispatcher at FUN_0049A870. The dispatcher in turn fires
-// the appropriate CHAT_MSG_* event during its execution. We hook the
-// dispatcher's entry, stash the GUID into a file-scope global, call
-// the original (which fires the event synchronously), then clear the
-// global on return. Inside the addon's OnEvent, `GetCurrentChatGUID`
-// reads the global.
-//
-// Why not hook the SMSG handler directly: the GUID isn't in argument
-// registers/stack at the handler's entry — it's read mid-function
-// into locals. Hooking the dispatcher (which receives the GUID as
-// args) is structurally simpler. The trade-off: the dispatcher is
-// also called for synthetic chat (system notifications, arena team
-// events, etc.) with GUID = 0; for those, `GetCurrentChatGUID()`
-// returns nil — matches the modern API's behavior of nil GUID for
-// non-player-sourced chat.
+// The GUID is published for the duration of a chat dispatch by a
+// `DispatchScope` (see the header), which Chat::Dispatch — the single
+// owner of the FUN_0049A870 chat-dispatch hook — constructs around the
+// original call. The engine fires the CHAT_MSG_* event synchronously
+// inside that call, so `GetCurrentChatGUID` reads the right GUID from
+// the addon's OnEvent. The dispatcher is also called for synthetic chat
+// (system notifications, arena team events, etc.) with GUID = 0; for
+// those `GetCurrentChatGUID()` returns nil — matching the modern API's
+// behavior of a nil GUID for non-player-sourced chat.
 
 #include "CurrentGUID.h"
 
 #include "Game.h"
-#include "Offsets.h"
 #include "guid/Guid.h"
 
 #include <cstdint>
@@ -69,39 +59,17 @@ void RegisterLuaFunctions() {
 
 } // namespace
 
-ChatDispatch_t ChatDispatch_o = nullptr;
+DispatchScope::DispatchScope(uint32_t guidLo, uint32_t guidHi)
+    : prevLo_(g_currentGuidLo), prevHi_(g_currentGuidHi) {
+    g_currentGuidLo = guidLo;
+    g_currentGuidHi = guidHi;
+}
 
-void __fastcall ChatDispatch_h(
-    const char *sender, int chatType,
-    int arg3, int arg4, int arg5, int arg6, int arg7,
-    int targetGuidLo, int targetGuidHi, int arg10,
-    int senderGuidLo, int senderGuidHi)
-{
-    // Save before original — the engine's chat event fires DURING
-    // origCall, and the addon's OnEvent runs synchronously inside
-    // that window. The GUID must be readable at that point.
-    const uint32_t prevLo = g_currentGuidLo;
-    const uint32_t prevHi = g_currentGuidHi;
-    g_currentGuidLo = static_cast<uint32_t>(senderGuidLo);
-    g_currentGuidHi = static_cast<uint32_t>(senderGuidHi);
-
-    ChatDispatch_o(sender, chatType, arg3, arg4, arg5, arg6, arg7,
-                   targetGuidLo, targetGuidHi, arg10,
-                   senderGuidLo, senderGuidHi);
-
-    // Restore prior value rather than clearing to 0, so nested
-    // dispatch (one chat event firing during another's OnEvent —
-    // e.g. an addon calling SendChatMessage from its handler) leaves
-    // the outer context's GUID intact when the inner returns.
-    g_currentGuidLo = prevLo;
-    g_currentGuidHi = prevHi;
+DispatchScope::~DispatchScope() {
+    g_currentGuidLo = prevLo_;
+    g_currentGuidHi = prevHi_;
 }
 
 static const Game::ModuleAutoRegister _autoreg{&RegisterLuaFunctions};
 
-static const Game::HookAutoRegister _hookreg{
-    Offsets::FUN_CHAT_DISPATCH,
-    reinterpret_cast<void *>(&ChatDispatch_h),
-    reinterpret_cast<void **>(&ChatDispatch_o)};
-
 } // namespace Chat::CurrentGUID

src/chat/CurrentGUID.h

@@ -13,55 +13,28 @@
 
 #pragma once
 
+#include <cstdint>
+
 namespace Chat::CurrentGUID {
 
-// Hook for FUN_CHAT_DISPATCH (0x0049A870). Saves the senderGUID into
-// a file-scope global for the duration of the original call, then
-// clears it on return. Inside that window the engine fires the
-// appropriate CHAT_MSG_* event, so `GetCurrentChatGUID()` called from
-// the addon's OnEvent sees the GUID for the message that triggered it.
-//
-// 12-arg __fastcall signature. The function has a stack-probe
-// prologue (`mov eax, 0x1F0C; call _chkstk`) — its frame is ~8KB.
-// Verified by disassembling 0x0049A870 in 1.12.1: stack-arg access
-// reaches `[ebp+0x2C]` (= param 12) and the function exits with
-// `ret 0x28` (cleans 40 bytes = 10 stack args + 2 register args).
-//
-//   ECX  = arg1 (sender name string)
-//   EDX  = arg2 (chat type byte)
-//   [esp+ 4] = arg3
-//   [esp+ 8] = arg4
-//   [esp+ c] = arg5
-//   [esp+10] = arg6
-//   [esp+14] = arg7
-//   [esp+18] = arg8 — target GUID lo (for whisper/channel target)
-//   [esp+1c] = arg9 — target GUID hi
-//   [esp+20] = arg10
-//   [esp+24] = arg11 — sender GUID lo     ← captured
-//   [esp+28] = arg12 — sender GUID hi     ← captured
-//
-// Identified args 11/12 as senderGUID by tracing the AFK auto-reply
-// path at 0x0049AB39: reads params 11/12, OR's them to check for
-// non-zero, pushes them onto the packet stream via FUN_00418370
-// (the "write u64" helper). That's the GUID the AFK whisper-back is
-// addressed to — i.e. the original message sender.
-//
-// An earlier 10-arg signature derived from Ghidra (on the wrong
-// binary) had `ret 0x20` cleanup. The 8-byte cleanup mismatch with
-// the engine's `ret 0x28`-shaped call left 8 bytes of stack
-// uncleaned per chat-dispatch invocation, corrupting the engine's
-// stack frame and crashing on a later indirect call. See the
-// commit message for the full diagnosis.
-using ChatDispatch_t = void(__fastcall *)(
-    const char *sender, int chatType,
-    int arg3, int arg4, int arg5, int arg6, int arg7,
-    int targetGuidLo, int targetGuidHi, int arg10,
-    int senderGuidLo, int senderGuidHi);
-extern ChatDispatch_t ChatDispatch_o;
-void __fastcall ChatDispatch_h(
-    const char *sender, int chatType,
-    int arg3, int arg4, int arg5, int arg6, int arg7,
-    int targetGuidLo, int targetGuidHi, int arg10,
-    int senderGuidLo, int senderGuidHi);
+// RAII scope that publishes the sender GUID of the chat message currently being
+// dispatched, for `GetCurrentChatGUID()` to read. Chat::Dispatch constructs one
+// around the original chat-dispatch call: the engine fires the CHAT_MSG_* event
+// synchronously inside that call, so an addon's OnEvent sees the GUID of the
+// message that triggered it. Restores the prior value on destruction rather than
+// clearing to 0, so nested dispatch (a chat event firing during another's
+// OnEvent — e.g. an addon calling SendChatMessage from its handler) leaves the
+// outer context's GUID intact when the inner returns.
+class DispatchScope {
+public:
+    DispatchScope(uint32_t guidLo, uint32_t guidHi);
+    ~DispatchScope();
+    DispatchScope(const DispatchScope &) = delete;
+    DispatchScope &operator=(const DispatchScope &) = delete;
+
+private:
+    uint32_t prevLo_;
+    uint32_t prevHi_;
+};
 
 } // namespace Chat::CurrentGUID

src/chat/Dispatch.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+// This file is part of ClassicAPI.
+//
+// ClassicAPI is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms
+// of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation, either
+// version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// ClassicAPI is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
+// WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
+// PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
+// ClassicAPI. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+// Single owner of the chat-dispatch hook (FUN_0049A870).
+//
+// The engine routes every server-delivered chat message — say/yell/whisper/
+// channel/emote and synthetic system notifications — through this one function.
+// (Addon `print`/`AddMessage` does NOT pass through it.) Several independent
+// concerns need to observe or transform a dispatched message, but MinHook allows
+// only ONE hook per target, so this module owns the hook and orchestrates them,
+// mirroring Net::PacketDispatch (one hook, fanned out to independent concerns):
+//
+//   - Chat::IconFilter::Sanitize — strip player-injected `|T` icon spoofs from
+//     the message before the engine builds the chat line AND the speech bubble
+//     (both come from the same buffer, so one sanitize covers both).
+//   - Chat::RaidMarkers::Substitute — expand `{rt1}`/`{skull}`/… raid-target
+//     tokens into inline marker icons. Runs AFTER Sanitize so a player gets the
+//     fixed marker icons but still can't inject an arbitrary `|T` path.
+//   - Chat::CurrentGUID::DispatchScope — publish the sender GUID for the
+//     synchronous CHAT_MSG_* event so `GetCurrentChatGUID()` can read it.
+//
+// Signature — `__fastcall`, `RET 0x28`:
+//   ECX  = arg1  — the MESSAGE text (verified from the call site in FUN_0049D560:
+//                  `MOV ECX,[EBP-0x10]` = the raw/processed message. An older
+//                  note mislabeled this "sender name".) Copied into one buffer
+//                  fed to both the chat frame and the bubble spawn FUN_00608AC0.
+//   EDX  = arg2  — chat type byte
+//   [esp+04] = arg3      [esp+08] = arg4      [esp+0c] = arg5
+//   [esp+10] = arg6      [esp+14] = arg7
+//   [esp+18] = arg8  — target GUID lo (whisper/channel target)
+//   [esp+1c] = arg9  — target GUID hi
+//   [esp+20] = arg10
+//   [esp+24] = arg11 — sender GUID lo   ← published
+//   [esp+28] = arg12 — sender GUID hi   ← published
+//
+// The `RET 0x28` cleanup (40 bytes = 10 stack args) MUST match the declared
+// signature exactly; an earlier 10-arg / `ret 0x20` version left 8 bytes
+// uncleaned per call and crashed the engine on a later indirect call.
+
+#include "CurrentGUID.h"
+#include "IconFilter.h"
+#include "RaidMarkers.h"
+
+#include "Game.h"
+#include "Offsets.h"
+
+#include <cstdint>
+
+namespace Chat::Dispatch {
+
+namespace {
+
+using ChatDispatch_t = void(__fastcall *)(
+    const char *message, int chatType,
+    int arg3, int arg4, int arg5, int arg6, int arg7,
+    int targetGuidLo, int targetGuidHi, int arg10,
+    int senderGuidLo, int senderGuidHi);
+
+ChatDispatch_t g_original = nullptr;
+
+void __fastcall ChatDispatch_h(
+    const char *message, int chatType,
+    int arg3, int arg4, int arg5, int arg6, int arg7,
+    int targetGuidLo, int targetGuidHi, int arg10,
+    int senderGuidLo, int senderGuidHi)
+{
+    // Strip player-injected `|T` icon escapes (covers chat line + speech bubble;
+    // both build from this message). The 0x800 buffer matches the engine's own
+    // message-buffer cap.
+    char iconBuf[0x800];
+    const char *msg = Chat::IconFilter::Sanitize(message, iconBuf, sizeof iconBuf);
+
+    // Expand raid-target tokens ({rt1}/{skull}/…) into inline marker icons —
+    // after the sanitize, so only these fixed, safe escapes are added.
+    char markerBuf[0x800];
+    msg = Chat::RaidMarkers::Substitute(msg, markerBuf, sizeof markerBuf);
+
+    // Publish the sender GUID for the CHAT_MSG_* event the original fires
+    // synchronously; restored when this scope ends (after the original returns).
+    Chat::CurrentGUID::DispatchScope guid(static_cast<uint32_t>(senderGuidLo),
+                                          static_cast<uint32_t>(senderGuidHi));
+
+    g_original(msg, chatType, arg3, arg4, arg5, arg6, arg7,
+               targetGuidLo, targetGuidHi, arg10,
+               senderGuidLo, senderGuidHi);
+}
+
+static const Game::HookAutoRegister _hookreg{
+    Offsets::FUN_CHAT_DISPATCH,
+    reinterpret_cast<void *>(&ChatDispatch_h),
+    reinterpret_cast<void **>(&g_original)};
+
+} // namespace
+
+} // namespace Chat::Dispatch

src/chat/IconFilter.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+// This file is part of ClassicAPI.
+//
+// ClassicAPI is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms
+// of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation, either
+// version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// ClassicAPI is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
+// WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
+// PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
+// ClassicAPI. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+// Inline-texture (`|T`) chat anti-spoof.
+//
+// Vanilla neutralizes player-*typed* escapes in chat (a typed `|cff…|r`,
+// `|Hitem…|h` or `|T…|t` shows as raw text) — only *trusted* text renders them
+// (addon `AddMessage`, shift-clicked links). Our Text::InlineTexture backport
+// breaks that parity for `|T` alone: it detects the neutralized `||T` form and
+// draws the icon anyway, so a player could `/say` `|Tpath|t` and have a real
+// icon appear in everyone's chat AND in the speech bubble over their head.
+//
+// This restores vanilla's behavior for `|T` by defanging it in the chat path,
+// while leaving `|c`/`|r`/`|H`/`|h` exactly as vanilla (already raw for typed
+// input). It CANNOT be done in the text emitter: addon `|T` and player `|T`
+// reach the emitter as byte-identical `||T` (vanilla doubles the unrecognized
+// `|T` for both), so the only place they're distinguishable is the source —
+// server-delivered chat flows through the chat dispatcher, addon `print` does
+// not. Chat::Dispatch owns that hook and calls this on the message.
+//
+// Defang = replace the `|` of each `|T` with a space, breaking the pipe→T
+// adjacency the inline-texture detector keys on (`|T` and `||T` both contain the
+// `|T` substring, so this catches the doubled form too). The path text stays
+// readable, the closer `|t` is inert without an opener, and every other escape
+// is untouched.
+
+#include "IconFilter.h"
+
+namespace Chat::IconFilter {
+
+namespace {
+
+// True if `s` contains an inline-texture opener (`|T`) anywhere.
+bool HasIconEscape(const char *s) {
+    for (; *s != '\0'; ++s)
+        if (s[0] == '|' && s[1] == 'T')
+            return true;
+    return false;
+}
+
+} // namespace
+
+const char *Sanitize(const char *msg, char *buf, size_t bufSize) {
+    if (msg == nullptr || !HasIconEscape(msg))
+        return msg; // common case: forward untouched, no copy
+
+    // NEVER write `msg` in place: several of the chat handler's ~50 callers pass
+    // read-only `.rdata` literals (system notifications), so an in-place edit
+    // would fault. We copy only when a `|T` is actually present.
+    //
+    // Defanging must not leave a LONE `|` followed by a non-escape char — that's
+    // an invalid escape, which the chat frame tolerates but the speech-bubble
+    // text setter chokes on, producing an empty bubble (verified in-game). By the
+    // time chat reaches us the escape is usually the doubled `||T` (vanilla's own
+    // neutralization of typed escapes), where `||` is a VALID literal-pipe escape.
+    // So: keep the pipe(s) and blank the `T` when the pipe completes a `||`; blank
+    // BOTH chars for a lone `|T`. Either way no dangling `|` remains, and no `|T`
+    // opener survives for the inline-texture detector to fire on.
+    size_t j = 0;
+    for (size_t i = 0; msg[i] != '\0' && j + 1 < bufSize;) {
+        if (msg[i] == '|' && msg[i + 1] == 'T') {
+            const bool doubledPipe = (i > 0 && msg[i - 1] == '|');
+            buf[j++] = doubledPipe ? '|' : ' '; // keep pipe only if it completes `||`
+            if (j + 1 < bufSize)
+                buf[j++] = ' '; // blank the `T`
+            i += 2;             // consumed `|T`
+        } else {
+            buf[j++] = msg[i++];
+        }
+    }
+    buf[j] = '\0';
+    return buf;
+}
+
+} // namespace Chat::IconFilter

src/chat/IconFilter.h

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+// This file is part of ClassicAPI.
+//
+// ClassicAPI is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms
+// of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation, either
+// version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// ClassicAPI is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
+// WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
+// PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
+// ClassicAPI. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <cstddef>
+
+namespace Chat::IconFilter {
+
+// Strips player-injected inline-texture (`|T…|t`) escapes from a chat message.
+// Returns `msg` unchanged when it contains no `|T` (the common case — no copy),
+// otherwise a sanitized copy written into `buf`. Called by Chat::Dispatch on the
+// message the engine's chat handler is about to display. See IconFilter.cpp for
+// the anti-spoof rationale and why sanitizing here (not in the text emitter) is
+// the only place player-typed and addon `|T` are distinguishable.
+const char *Sanitize(const char *msg, char *buf, size_t bufSize);
+
+} // namespace Chat::IconFilter

src/chat/RaidMarkers.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,154 @@
+// This file is part of ClassicAPI.
+//
+// ClassicAPI is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms
+// of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation, either
+// version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// ClassicAPI is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
+// WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
+// PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
+// ClassicAPI. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+// Raid-target marker chat substitutions ({rt1}..{rt8} / {star} / {skull} / ...).
+//
+// Modern WoW lets players type `{skull}` (etc.) in chat and everyone sees the
+// raid-target icon. Vanilla 1.12 has no such substitution. We backport it onto
+// the inline-texture (`|T…|t`) renderer: each recognized token is rewritten into
+// a `|T` escape that crops the shared raid-target sprite sheet
+// `Interface\TargetingFrame\UI-RaidTargetingIcons` to the matching 64×64 cell.
+//
+// Runs in Chat::Dispatch AFTER Chat::IconFilter::Sanitize. Order is deliberate:
+// sanitize first defangs any player-typed raw `|T` spoof, then we add ONLY the
+// fixed, known-safe marker escapes — so players get the markers without a path to
+// inject arbitrary textures.
+//
+// Icon→texcoord mapping verified against the client's own UnitPopup.lua
+// (RAID_TARGET_1..8): the sheet is 256×256 with 64-pixel cells, marker N at
+// column (N-1)%4, row (N-1)/4. So RT1(star) is the top-left cell and RT8(skull)
+// is row 1, column 3. The inline renderer's OpenGL v-flip already draws this sheet
+// right-side-up (it's the sheet that flip was verified against), so top<bottom
+// pixel coords render correctly.
+
+#include "RaidMarkers.h"
+
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstring>
+
+namespace Chat::RaidMarkers {
+
+namespace {
+
+struct Token {
+    const char *name; // lowercase alias, no braces
+    int marker;       // raid-target index 1..8
+};
+
+// Aliases per the modern client, all case-insensitive. `{coin}` is a colloquial
+// alias for `{circle}` (RT2) and `{x}` for `{cross}` (RT7) — both shown in the
+// in-game substitution help.
+constexpr Token kTokens[] = {
+    {"rt1", 1}, {"star", 1},
+    {"rt2", 2}, {"circle", 2}, {"coin", 2},
+    {"rt3", 3}, {"diamond", 3},
+    {"rt4", 4}, {"triangle", 4},
+    {"rt5", 5}, {"moon", 5},
+    {"rt6", 6}, {"square", 6},
+    {"rt7", 7}, {"cross", 7}, {"x", 7},
+    {"rt8", 8}, {"skull", 8},
+};
+
+char LowerAscii(char c) { return (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z') ? static_cast<char>(c + 32) : c; }
+
+// Case-insensitive match of the n-char token body [s, s+n) against a lowercase
+// literal — true only when `lit` is exactly n chars long.
+bool EqCI(const char *s, size_t n, const char *lit) {
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < n; ++i)
+        if (lit[i] == '\0' || LowerAscii(s[i]) != lit[i])
+            return false;
+    return lit[n] == '\0';
+}
+
+// Raid-target index (1..8) for the token body [name, name+n), or 0 if unknown.
+int MatchMarker(const char *name, size_t n) {
+    for (const Token &t : kTokens)
+        if (EqCI(name, n, t.name))
+            return t.marker;
+    return 0;
+}
+
+bool HasBrace(const char *s) {
+    for (; *s != '\0'; ++s)
+        if (*s == '{')
+            return true;
+    return false;
+}
+
+} // namespace
+
+const char *Substitute(const char *msg, char *buf, size_t bufSize) {
+    if (msg == nullptr || !HasBrace(msg))
+        return msg; // common case: forward untouched, no copy
+
+    // A token inflates ~28x (a 3-char `{rtN}` -> ~85-byte `|T` markup), so a
+    // marker-dense message can exceed `buf`. Never DROP message content to fit:
+    // only expand a token when the expansion AND the whole remaining input (worst
+    // case copied 1:1 as literal text) still fit. Past that point later tokens
+    // stay literal `{rtN}`, so the full message text is always preserved — a DLL
+    // user never sees a shorter line than a non-DLL user, just fewer icons.
+    const size_t msgLen = std::strlen(msg);
+
+    size_t j = 0;
+    for (size_t i = 0; msg[i] != '\0' && j + 1 < bufSize;) {
+        if (msg[i] == '{') {
+            // Scan the token body to the closing brace (bounded — longest alias
+            // is 8 chars, so a `{` with no nearby `}` is just literal text).
+            size_t k = i + 1;
+            while (msg[k] != '\0' && msg[k] != '}' && k - i <= 12)
+                ++k;
+            if (msg[k] == '}') {
+                const int marker = MatchMarker(msg + i + 1, k - (i + 1));
+                if (marker != 0) {
+                    const int col = (marker - 1) % 4;
+                    const int row = (marker - 1) / 4;
+                    const int l = col * 64, r = l + 64, t = row * 64, b = t + 64;
+                    // Emit the pipe-DOUBLED form `||T…||t`. The inline emitter
+                    // renders both `|T` and `||T`, but the vanilla speech-bubble
+                    // text builder (FUN_004b1600) TRUNCATES at a lone `|T` while
+                    // PRESERVING `||` — so the doubled form is what survives into
+                    // the bubble's FontString (which pfUI's bubble reskin copies
+                    // and renders). Anti-spoof Sanitize runs before this, so these
+                    // are the only `||T` openers a player can produce.
+                    char markup[128];
+                    // `:0:0` = auto-size. The inline emitter resolves height/width
+                    // to the target line's font pixel height at draw time, so a
+                    // marker tracks the chat font size (and grows in speech bubbles)
+                    // exactly like retail's ICON_LIST `…Icon_%d:0`. The rest of the
+                    // payload crops the 256x256 sheet to the cell (l,r,t,b).
+                    const int m = std::snprintf(
+                        markup, sizeof markup,
+                        "||TInterface\\TargetingFrame\\UI-RaidTargetingIcons:0:0:0:0:256:256:"
+                        "%d:%d:%d:%d||t",
+                        l, r, t, b);
+                    // Reserve room for the literal tail after this token
+                    // (msg[k+1..]) so the rest of the message always fits.
+                    const size_t tail = msgLen - (k + 1);
+                    if (m > 0 && j + static_cast<size_t>(m) + tail + 1 <= bufSize) {
+                        std::memcpy(buf + j, markup, static_cast<size_t>(m));
+                        j += static_cast<size_t>(m);
+                        i = k + 1; // consume through the closing `}`
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                    // No room for the expansion — fall through and copy the
+                    // literal `{` so the message is never left truncated mid-token.
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        buf[j++] = msg[i++];
+    }
+    buf[j] = '\0';
+    return buf;
+}
+
+} // namespace Chat::RaidMarkers

src/chat/RaidMarkers.h

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+// This file is part of ClassicAPI.
+//
+// ClassicAPI is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms
+// of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation, either
+// version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// ClassicAPI is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
+// WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
+// PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
+// ClassicAPI. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <cstddef>
+
+namespace Chat::RaidMarkers {
+
+// Expands raid-target marker tokens in a chat message into inline raid-target
+// icon textures — the modern `{rt1}`..`{rt8}` / `{star}` / `{circle}` / `{skull}`
+// (etc.) chat substitutions, backported onto the inline-texture renderer. Returns
+// `msg` unchanged when it contains no `{` (the common case — no copy), otherwise a
+// rewritten copy in `buf`. Called by Chat::Dispatch AFTER the `|T` anti-spoof
+// sanitize, so a player can use the fixed, safe marker icons but still can't
+// inject an arbitrary texture path. See RaidMarkers.cpp for the token table and
+// the icon→texcoord mapping.
+const char *Substitute(const char *msg, char *buf, size_t bufSize);
+
+} // namespace Chat::RaidMarkers

src/container/ItemInfo.cpp

@@ -80,12 +80,12 @@ bool BuildIconPath(uint32_t displayInfoID, char *out, size_t outSize) {
 // readable-text id is non-zero (letters / server-authored notes).
 bool ItemReadable(const uint8_t *item, const uint8_t *record) {
     if (record != nullptr &&
-        *reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t *>(record + Offsets::OFF_ITEMSTATS_PAGE_TEXT) != 0)
+        Game::Read<uint32_t>(record, Offsets::OFF_ITEMSTATS_PAGE_TEXT) != 0)
         return true;
     const uint8_t *descriptor = Item::ObjectFields(item);
     return descriptor != nullptr &&
-           *reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t *>(
-               descriptor + Offsets::OFF_DESCRIPTOR_READABLE_TEXT_ID) != 0;
+           Game::Read<uint32_t>(
+               descriptor, Offsets::OFF_DESCRIPTOR_READABLE_TEXT_ID) != 0;
 }
 
 int __fastcall Script_C_Container_GetContainerItemInfo(void *L) {
@@ -116,14 +116,14 @@ int __fastcall Script_C_Container_GetContainerItemInfo(void *L) {
     int stackCount = 0;
     bool isBound = false;
     if (descriptor != nullptr) {
-        stackCount = *reinterpret_cast<const int *>(
-            descriptor + Offsets::OFF_DESCRIPTOR_STACK_COUNT);
-        isBound = (*reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t *>(
-                       descriptor + Offsets::OFF_DESCRIPTOR_FLAGS) &
+        stackCount = Game::Read<int>(
+            descriptor, Offsets::OFF_DESCRIPTOR_STACK_COUNT);
+        isBound = (Game::Read<uint32_t>(
+                       descriptor, Offsets::OFF_DESCRIPTOR_FLAGS) &
                    Offsets::ITEM_FLAG_SOULBOUND) != 0;
     }
-    const bool isLocked = (*reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t *>(
-                               item + Offsets::OFF_ITEM_CLIENT_LOCK) &
+    const bool isLocked = (Game::Read<uint32_t>(
+                               item, Offsets::OFF_ITEM_CLIENT_LOCK) &
                            Offsets::ITEM_CLIENT_LOCK_BIT) != 0;
     const bool isReadable = ItemReadable(item, record);
 
@@ -135,17 +135,17 @@ int __fastcall Script_C_Container_GetContainerItemInfo(void *L) {
     bool hasLoot = false;
     bool hasNoValue = false;
     if (record != nullptr) {
-        const uint32_t displayInfoID = *reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t *>(
-            record + Offsets::OFF_ITEMSTATS_DISPLAY_INFO_ID);
+        const uint32_t displayInfoID = Game::Read<uint32_t>(
+            record, Offsets::OFF_ITEMSTATS_DISPLAY_INFO_ID);
         haveIcon = BuildIconPath(displayInfoID, iconPath, sizeof(iconPath));
-        quality = *reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t *>(
-            record + Offsets::OFF_ITEMSTATS_QUALITY);
+        quality = Game::Read<uint32_t>(
+            record, Offsets::OFF_ITEMSTATS_QUALITY);
         haveQuality = true;
-        const uint32_t flags = *reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t *>(
-            record + Offsets::OFF_ITEMSTATS_FLAGS);
+        const uint32_t flags = Game::Read<uint32_t>(
+            record, Offsets::OFF_ITEMSTATS_FLAGS);
         hasLoot = (flags & Offsets::ITEM_FLAG_LOOTABLE) != 0;
-        hasNoValue = *reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t *>(
-                         record + Offsets::OFF_ITEMSTATS_SELL_PRICE) == 0;
+        hasNoValue = Game::Read<uint32_t>(
+                         record, Offsets::OFF_ITEMSTATS_SELL_PRICE) == 0;
     }
 
     const char *hyperlink = Item::Link::FromCGItem(item);
@@ -155,8 +155,8 @@ int __fastcall Script_C_Container_GetContainerItemInfo(void *L) {
     if (Item::Link::NameFromCGItem(item, nameBuf, sizeof(nameBuf))) {
         itemName = nameBuf;
     } else if (record != nullptr) {
-        const char *baseName = *reinterpret_cast<const char *const *>(
-            record + Offsets::OFF_ITEMSTATS_NAME);
+        const char *baseName = Game::Read<const char *>(
+            record, Offsets::OFF_ITEMSTATS_NAME);
         if (baseName != nullptr && baseName[0] != '\0')
             itemName = baseName;
     }

src/coroutine/Library.cpp

@@ -211,12 +211,42 @@ static int __fastcall Script_Coroutine_Wrap(void *L) {
     return 1;
 }
 
+// `coroutine.running()` — Lua 5.1 addition: the running coroutine, or
+// nil when called from the main thread. The 5.0 C API has no
+// `lua_pushthread` (also a 5.1 addition), so the thread TValue is
+// written to the stack raw: this build's TValue is 16 bytes with
+// {tt @ +0, value @ +8} (see LuaSyntax::StringMethods for the layout
+// derivation), tag 8 = thread, and the value is the running `lua_State`
+// itself — exactly what `lua_newthread` stores and what LUA_TO_POINTER
+// reads back at tvalue[2]. No stack-overflow check needed: every C
+// function is guaranteed LUA_MINSTACK free slots and this pushes one.
+// The running thread is trivially GC-alive, so no anchoring either.
+// Main-thread detection: module callbacks run on the state's main
+// thread, so the L captured at registration IS the main thread;
+// coroutine bodies run on their own lua_State.
+static void *g_mainL = nullptr;
+static constexpr uintptr_t OFF_L_TOP = 0x8; // L->top (push helpers' [ecx+8])
+
+static int __fastcall Script_Coroutine_Running(void *L) {
+    if (L == g_mainL) {
+        Game::Lua::PushNil(L);
+        return 1;
+    }
+    uint8_t *top = Game::Read<uint8_t *>(L, OFF_L_TOP);
+    *reinterpret_cast<int *>(top) = Game::Lua::TYPE_THREAD;
+    *reinterpret_cast<void **>(top + 8) = L;
+    Game::Ref<uint8_t *>(L, OFF_L_TOP) = top + 16;
+    return 1;
+}
+
 static void RegisterLuaFunctions() {
+    g_mainL = Game::Lua::State(); // the state's main thread (see Running)
     Game::Lua::RegisterTableFunction("coroutine", "create", &Script_Coroutine_Create);
     Game::Lua::RegisterTableFunction("coroutine", "resume", &Script_Coroutine_Resume);
     Game::Lua::RegisterTableFunction("coroutine", "yield", &Script_Coroutine_Yield);
     Game::Lua::RegisterTableFunction("coroutine", "status", &Script_Coroutine_Status);
     Game::Lua::RegisterTableFunction("coroutine", "wrap", &Script_Coroutine_Wrap);
+    Game::Lua::RegisterTableFunction("coroutine", "running", &Script_Coroutine_Running);
 }
 
 static const Game::ModuleAutoRegister _autoreg{&RegisterLuaFunctions};

src/creature/Info.cpp

@@ -53,6 +53,7 @@
 #include "Game.h"
 #include "Offsets.h"
 #include "cache/QueryLoad.h"
+#include "creature/Info.h"
 #include "dbc/Lookup.h"
 #include "dbc/Names.h"
 #include "event/Custom.h"
@@ -94,14 +95,14 @@ int __fastcall Script_GetCreatureInfoByID(void *L) {
     if (rec == nullptr)
         return 0; // not cached -> nil
 
-    const char *name = *reinterpret_cast<const char *const *>(rec + Offsets::OFF_CREATURE_NAME);
+    const char *name = Game::Read<const char *>(rec, Offsets::OFF_CREATURE_NAME);
     const char *subName =
-        *reinterpret_cast<const char *const *>(rec + Offsets::OFF_CREATURE_SUBNAME);
-    const uint32_t type = *reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t *>(rec + Offsets::OFF_CREATURE_TYPE);
-    const uint32_t family = *reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t *>(rec + Offsets::OFF_CREATURE_FAMILY);
-    const uint32_t rank = *reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t *>(rec + Offsets::OFF_CREATURE_RANK);
+        Game::Read<const char *>(rec, Offsets::OFF_CREATURE_SUBNAME);
+    const uint32_t type = Game::Read<uint32_t>(rec, Offsets::OFF_CREATURE_TYPE);
+    const uint32_t family = Game::Read<uint32_t>(rec, Offsets::OFF_CREATURE_FAMILY);
+    const uint32_t rank = Game::Read<uint32_t>(rec, Offsets::OFF_CREATURE_RANK);
     const uint32_t displayID =
-        *reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t *>(rec + Offsets::OFF_CREATURE_DISPLAYID);
+        Game::Read<uint32_t>(rec, Offsets::OFF_CREATURE_DISPLAYID);
 
     Game::Lua::NewTable(L);
     Game::Lua::SetFieldNumber(L, "creatureID", creatureID);
@@ -212,7 +213,7 @@ int __fastcall Script_GetCreatureFamilyIDs(void *L) {
     Game::Lua::NewTable(L);
 
     const int count =
-        *reinterpret_cast<const int *>(Offsets::VAR_CREATUREFAMILY_COUNT);
+        Game::Read<int>(Offsets::VAR_CREATUREFAMILY_COUNT);
     int n = 0;
     for (int id = 1; id <= count; ++id) {
         const char *name = DBC::LocalizedField(Offsets::VAR_CREATUREFAMILY_RECORDS,
@@ -249,8 +250,8 @@ int __fastcall Script_GetFactionInfo(void *L) {
                                        static_cast<uint32_t>(raceID));
     if (crRec == nullptr)
         return 0; // unknown race
-    const int ftId = *reinterpret_cast<const int *>(
-        crRec + Offsets::OFF_CHRRACES_FACTION_TEMPLATE);
+    const int ftId = Game::Read<int>(
+        crRec, Offsets::OFF_CHRRACES_FACTION_TEMPLATE);
     if (ftId <= 0)
         return 0;
 
@@ -259,31 +260,31 @@ int __fastcall Script_GetFactionInfo(void *L) {
                                        static_cast<uint32_t>(ftId));
     if (ftRec == nullptr)
         return 0;
-    const uint32_t mask = *reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t *>(
-        ftRec + Offsets::OFF_FACTIONTEMPLATE_GROUP_MASK);
+    const uint32_t mask = Game::Read<uint32_t>(
+        ftRec, Offsets::OFF_FACTIONTEMPLATE_GROUP_MASK);
 
     // FactionGroup is stored contiguously (records-base + i*stride), not as a
     // pointer array — iterate by hand rather than via DBC::Record.
-    auto *fgBase = *reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *const *>(
+    auto *fgBase = Game::Read<const uint8_t *>(
         Offsets::VAR_FACTIONGROUP_RECORDS);
     const int fgCount =
-        *reinterpret_cast<const int *>(Offsets::VAR_FACTIONGROUP_COUNT);
-    const int locale = *reinterpret_cast<const int *>(Offsets::VAR_LOCALE_INDEX);
+        Game::Read<int>(Offsets::VAR_FACTIONGROUP_COUNT);
+    const int locale = Game::Read<int>(Offsets::VAR_LOCALE_INDEX);
     if (fgBase == nullptr)
         return 0;
 
     for (int i = 0; i < fgCount; ++i) {
         const uint8_t *row = fgBase + i * Offsets::FACTIONGROUP_STRIDE;
-        const int bit = *reinterpret_cast<const int *>(
-            row + Offsets::OFF_FACTIONGROUP_BIT);
+        const int bit = Game::Read<int>(
+            row, Offsets::OFF_FACTIONGROUP_BIT);
         if ((mask & (1u << (bit & 0x1F))) == 0)
             continue;
-        const char *loc = *reinterpret_cast<const char *const *>(
-            row + Offsets::OFF_FACTIONGROUP_NAMES + locale * 4);
+        const char *loc = Game::Read<const char *>(
+            row, Offsets::OFF_FACTIONGROUP_NAMES + locale * 4);
         if (loc == nullptr || *loc == '\0')
             continue; // "Player" / "Monster" have empty localized names
-        const char *eng = *reinterpret_cast<const char *const *>(
-            row + Offsets::OFF_FACTIONGROUP_ENGLISH);
+        const char *eng = Game::Read<const char *>(
+            row, Offsets::OFF_FACTIONGROUP_ENGLISH);
 
         Game::Lua::NewTable(L);
         Game::Lua::SetFieldString(L, "name", loc);
@@ -323,7 +324,7 @@ int __fastcall Script_GetCreatureTypeIDs(void *L) {
     Game::Lua::NewTable(L);
 
     const int count =
-        *reinterpret_cast<const int *>(Offsets::VAR_CREATURETYPE_COUNT);
+        Game::Read<int>(Offsets::VAR_CREATURETYPE_COUNT);
     int n = 0;
     for (int id = 1; id <= count; ++id) {
         const char *name = DBC::LocalizedField(Offsets::VAR_CREATURETYPE_RECORDS,
@@ -367,4 +368,15 @@ const Game::ModuleAutoRegister _autoreg{&RegisterLuaFunctions};
 
 } // namespace
 
+// Public accessor for Model::DisplayInfo's SetCreature — the same peek
+// GetCreatureInfoByID uses, reduced to the display-ID field. 0 = uncached.
+uint32_t DisplayID(uint32_t creatureID) {
+    if (creatureID == 0)
+        return 0;
+    const uint8_t *rec = PeekCreature(creatureID);
+    if (rec == nullptr)
+        return 0;
+    return Game::Read<uint32_t>(rec, Offsets::OFF_CREATURE_DISPLAYID);
+}
+
 } // namespace Creature::Info

src/creature/Info.h

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+// This file is part of ClassicAPI.
+//
+// ClassicAPI is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms
+// of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation, either
+// version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// ClassicAPI is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
+// WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
+// PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
+// ClassicAPI. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <cstdint>
+
+namespace Creature::Info {
+
+// The cached model display ID for a creature/NPC entry, or 0 when the creature
+// is not in the client creature cache (creaturecache.wdb, or queried this
+// session). A synchronous peek — no network query. Backs `Model:SetCreature`:
+// the cache being keyed by entry ID and carrying a display ID is exactly the
+// entry-ID → model mapping vanilla has no DBC for.
+uint32_t DisplayID(uint32_t creatureID);
+
+} // namespace Creature::Info

src/currency/CoinText.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,144 @@
+// This file is part of ClassicAPI.
+//
+// ClassicAPI is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms
+// of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation, either
+// version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// ClassicAPI is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
+// WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
+// PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
+// ClassicAPI. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+// `GetCoinTextureString` / `C_CurrencyInfo.GetCoinTextureString` — the coin-icon
+// money string (e.g. "12<gold> 34<silver> 56<copper>"), a C++ backport of the
+// retail C function.
+//
+// Behaviour derived from 3.3.5's `Script_GetCoinTextureString` (FUN_00510d00 →
+// formatter FUN_007e7e10): split the copper amount into gold / silver / copper,
+// emit only the non-zero denominations in that order, space-separated; a zero
+// amount shows "0" copper. Each denomination is built from a localized
+// GlobalString — `GOLD_AMOUNT_TEXTURE` / `SILVER_AMOUNT_TEXTURE` /
+// `COPPER_AMOUNT_TEXTURE` — exactly as the engine does (its formatter
+// `FUN_0076f070` is a C-format over the same GlobalString). Those strings don't
+// exist in stock 1.12, so they're backported in `locales/enUS.lua`
+// (language-independent, so the enUS base covers every locale); the embedded
+// `!!!ClassicAPI` addon guarantees they're loaded.
+//
+// 1.12 has no separate UI-GoldIcon / UI-SilverIcon / UI-CopperIcon textures
+// (those are a later-expansion split); vanilla uses ONE sprite sheet
+// `Interface\MoneyFrame\UI-MoneyIcons` cropped per coin (gold 0-0.25, silver
+// 0.25-0.5, copper 0.5-0.75 across a 4-cell strip — from CoinPickupFrame.xml).
+// So the format carries the inline-texture texcoord fields (texW=4 texH=1, then
+// the per-coin left:right cell). The `|T` markup renders as real coin icons via
+// ClassicAPI's inline-texture backport (`Text::InlineTexture`).
+
+#include "Game.h"
+
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <string>
+
+namespace Currency::CoinText {
+
+namespace {
+
+// Icon size. Retail defaults fontHeight to 0 = "use the display font's height",
+// and the inline-texture renderer now honours 0 (it resolves the coin to the
+// line's font height at draw time), so coins match the surrounding text instead
+// of a fixed size. Callers may still pass an explicit height.
+constexpr int kDefaultHeight = 0;
+
+// Fallbacks byte-identical to the backported GlobalStrings, used only if the
+// locale layer somehow isn't loaded when this is first called.
+// Format: count |T sheet : height=0 : width=0 : offsetX=0 : offsetY=0 : texW=4 :
+// texH=1 : left : right : top=0 : bottom=1 |t  (left:right selects the coin cell).
+// height/width 0 = size to the font. offsetX stays 0: the inline-texture
+// renderer's font-relative pad spaces the coin from its digits (the historical
+// "coin sits on the digit" bug was the emitter's lazy pen read-back, fixed in
+// the DLL). Never grow a per-coin offset here.
+constexpr const char *kGoldFallback =
+    "%d|TInterface\\MoneyFrame\\UI-MoneyIcons:%d:%d:0:0:4:1:0:1:0:1|t";
+constexpr const char *kSilverFallback =
+    "%d|TInterface\\MoneyFrame\\UI-MoneyIcons:%d:%d:0:0:4:1:1:2:0:1|t";
+// The three coin arts occupy IDENTICAL pixels within their sheet cells (x 0-14,
+// y 1-14 of 16 — confirmed by decoding the DXT3 alpha of the exported
+// UI-MoneyIcons.blp); only the left:right cell select differs (gold 0:1,
+// silver 1:2, copper 2:3).
+constexpr const char *kCopperFallback =
+    "%d|TInterface\\MoneyFrame\\UI-MoneyIcons:%d:%d:0:0:4:1:2:3:0:1|t";
+
+// Formats one denomination from its localized GlobalString and appends it to
+// `out`. Reads `_G[globalName]` the way retail reads the coin GlobalStrings; the
+// format consumes (count, iconHeight, iconWidth). No separator between
+// denominations — the renderer's symmetric per-icon pad already spaces each coin
+// from the surrounding digits, so a space here would double the gap.
+void AppendDenom(void *L, std::string &out, const char *globalName, const char *fallback,
+                 int count, int height) {
+    const int top = Game::Lua::GetTop(L);
+    Game::Lua::PushLocalizedString(L, globalName, fallback); // [.., fmt]
+    const char *fmt = Game::Lua::ToString(L, -1);
+    char piece[256];
+    piece[0] = '\0';
+    if (fmt != nullptr)
+        std::snprintf(piece, sizeof piece, fmt, count, height, height);
+    Game::Lua::SetTop(L, top); // pop the format string
+    out += piece;
+}
+
+// GetCoinTextureString(amount [, fontHeight]) -> string
+int __fastcall Script_GetCoinTextureString(void *L) {
+    if (!Game::Lua::IsNumber(L, 1)) {
+        Game::Lua::Error(L, "Usage: GetCoinTextureString(amount [, fontHeight])");
+        return 0; // unreachable — Error long-jumps
+    }
+    const double amt = Game::Lua::ToNumber(L, 1);
+    long long amount = static_cast<long long>(amt < 0.0 ? amt - 0.5 : amt + 0.5); // round
+    if (amount < 0)
+        amount = 0;
+    // Vanilla money is a uint32 copper field, so 0xFFFFFFFF copper (~429,496
+    // gold) is the most the game can represent. Clamp to it: an unclamped huge
+    // input (e.g. 1e15) makes `gold` exceed INT_MAX, and the cast below truncates
+    // it to the low 32 bits, printing a garbage count through the "%d" format.
+    constexpr long long kMaxCopper = 0xFFFFFFFFLL;
+    if (amount > kMaxCopper)
+        amount = kMaxCopper;
+
+    int height = kDefaultHeight;
+    if (Game::Lua::IsNumber(L, 2)) {
+        const int h = static_cast<int>(Game::Lua::ToNumber(L, 2));
+        if (h > 0)
+            height = h;
+    }
+
+    const int gold = static_cast<int>(amount / 10000);
+    const int silver = static_cast<int>((amount % 10000) / 100);
+    const int copper = static_cast<int>(amount % 100);
+
+    std::string out;
+    if (amount == 0) {
+        AppendDenom(L, out, "COPPER_AMOUNT_TEXTURE", kCopperFallback, 0, height);
+    } else {
+        if (gold > 0)
+            AppendDenom(L, out, "GOLD_AMOUNT_TEXTURE", kGoldFallback, gold, height);
+        if (silver > 0)
+            AppendDenom(L, out, "SILVER_AMOUNT_TEXTURE", kSilverFallback, silver, height);
+        if (copper > 0)
+            AppendDenom(L, out, "COPPER_AMOUNT_TEXTURE", kCopperFallback, copper, height);
+    }
+
+    Game::Lua::PushString(L, out.c_str());
+    return 1;
+}
+
+void RegisterLuaFunctions() {
+    Game::Lua::RegisterGlobalFunction("GetCoinTextureString", &Script_GetCoinTextureString);
+    Game::Lua::RegisterTableFunction("C_CurrencyInfo", "GetCoinTextureString",
+                                     &Script_GetCoinTextureString);
+}
+
+const Game::ModuleAutoRegister _autoreg{&RegisterLuaFunctions};
+
+} // namespace
+
+} // namespace Currency::CoinText

src/equipmentset/Storage.cpp

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 
 #include "Storage.h"
 
+#include "Game.h"
 #include "Offsets.h"
 
 #include <cstdint>
@@ -25,7 +26,7 @@ namespace EquipmentSet::Storage {
 namespace {
 
 const char *ReadAccountName() {
-    return *reinterpret_cast<const char *const *>(Offsets::VAR_ACCOUNT_NAME_PTR);
+    return Game::Read<const char *>(Offsets::VAR_ACCOUNT_NAME_PTR);
 }
 
 const char *ReadCharacterName() {
@@ -34,10 +35,10 @@ const char *ReadCharacterName() {
 }
 
 const char *ReadRealmName() {
-    auto *info = *reinterpret_cast<uint8_t **>(Offsets::VAR_REALM_INFO_PTR);
+    auto *info = Game::Read<uint8_t *>(Offsets::VAR_REALM_INFO_PTR);
     if (info == nullptr)
         return nullptr;
-    return *reinterpret_cast<const char *const *>(info + Offsets::OFF_REALM_INFO_NAME);
+    return Game::Read<const char *>(info, Offsets::OFF_REALM_INFO_NAME);
 }
 
 // Removes trailing CR/LF/whitespace. Names from the engine are ASCII

src/equipmentset/Tooltip.cpp

@@ -210,8 +210,8 @@ int __fastcall Script_GameTooltipSetEquipmentSet(void *L) {
             unnamedMissing++;
             continue;
         }
-        const char *name = *reinterpret_cast<const char *const *>(
-            record + Offsets::OFF_ITEMSTATS_NAME);
+        const char *name = Game::Read<const char *>(
+            record, Offsets::OFF_ITEMSTATS_NAME);
         if (name == nullptr || name[0] == '\0') {
             unnamedMissing++;
             continue;

src/event/Custom.cpp

@@ -112,13 +112,13 @@ void SMemFree(void *ptr) {
 int TryClaim(const char *eventName) {
     if (!g_writesEnabled)
         return -1;
-    auto *base = *reinterpret_cast<uint8_t **>(Offsets::VAR_EVENT_TABLE_BASE_PTR);
-    const int count = *reinterpret_cast<int *>(Offsets::VAR_EVENT_TABLE_COUNT);
+    auto *base = Game::Read<uint8_t *>(Offsets::VAR_EVENT_TABLE_BASE_PTR);
+    const int count = Game::Read<int>(Offsets::VAR_EVENT_TABLE_COUNT);
     if (base == nullptr || count <= 0)
         return -1;
     for (int i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
-        auto **namePtr = reinterpret_cast<const char **>(
-            base + i * Offsets::EVENT_ENTRY_STRIDE +
+        auto **namePtr = Game::Ptr<const char *>(
+            base + i * Offsets::EVENT_ENTRY_STRIDE,
             Offsets::OFF_EVENT_ENTRY_NAME);
         if (*namePtr == nullptr) {
             char *copy = SStrDup(eventName);
@@ -169,15 +169,15 @@ void Grow() {
         return;
     g_growLatched = true; // one attempt per build, whether or not it grows
 
-    const int count = *reinterpret_cast<int *>(Offsets::VAR_EVENT_TABLE_COUNT);
-    auto *base = *reinterpret_cast<uint8_t **>(Offsets::VAR_EVENT_TABLE_BASE_PTR);
+    const int count = Game::Read<int>(Offsets::VAR_EVENT_TABLE_COUNT);
+    auto *base = Game::Read<uint8_t *>(Offsets::VAR_EVENT_TABLE_BASE_PTR);
     if (base == nullptr || count <= 0 || g_reservedCount <= 0)
         return;
 
     int nulls = 0;
     for (int i = 0; i < count; ++i)
-        if (*reinterpret_cast<const char *const *>(
-                base + i * Offsets::EVENT_ENTRY_STRIDE +
+        if (Game::Read<const char *>(
+                base + i * Offsets::EVENT_ENTRY_STRIDE,
                 Offsets::OFF_EVENT_ENTRY_NAME) == nullptr)
             ++nulls;
 
@@ -193,8 +193,8 @@ void Grow() {
     // moving the buffer would corrupt their subscription). Abort if so and
     // fall back to claim-NULL.
     for (int i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
-        const uint32_t head = *reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t *>(
-            base + i * Offsets::EVENT_ENTRY_STRIDE + Offsets::OFF_EVENT_ENTRY_HEAD);
+        const uint32_t head = Game::Read<uint32_t>(
+            base + i * Offsets::EVENT_ENTRY_STRIDE, Offsets::OFF_EVENT_ENTRY_HEAD);
         if (head != 0 && (head & 1) == 0) { // populated chain (not 0 / sentinel)
             Debug::Log::Printf(
                 "[event] grow aborted — chain live at slot %d (not first-reg)", i);
@@ -231,9 +231,9 @@ void Grow() {
     // Publish base BEFORE count so the globals never advertise more entries
     // than the buffer holds. Then free the OLD buffer only — the name
     // strings live on in newBuf and are freed by the reload teardown.
-    *reinterpret_cast<uint8_t **>(Offsets::VAR_EVENT_TABLE_BASE_PTR) = newBuf;
-    *reinterpret_cast<int *>(Offsets::VAR_EVENT_TABLE_CAP) = newCount;
-    *reinterpret_cast<int *>(Offsets::VAR_EVENT_TABLE_COUNT) = newCount;
+    Game::Ref<uint8_t *>(Offsets::VAR_EVENT_TABLE_BASE_PTR) = newBuf;
+    Game::Ref<int>(Offsets::VAR_EVENT_TABLE_CAP) = newCount;
+    Game::Ref<int>(Offsets::VAR_EVENT_TABLE_COUNT) = newCount;
     SMemFree(base);
 
     Debug::Log::Printf("[event] grew table %d -> %d (%d NULL, %d reserved%s)",
@@ -268,13 +268,13 @@ int Lookup(const char *name) {
 int LookupByName(const char *name) {
     if (name == nullptr)
         return -1;
-    auto *base = *reinterpret_cast<uint8_t **>(Offsets::VAR_EVENT_TABLE_BASE_PTR);
-    const int count = *reinterpret_cast<int *>(Offsets::VAR_EVENT_TABLE_COUNT);
+    auto *base = Game::Read<uint8_t *>(Offsets::VAR_EVENT_TABLE_BASE_PTR);
+    const int count = Game::Read<int>(Offsets::VAR_EVENT_TABLE_COUNT);
     if (base == nullptr || count <= 0)
         return -1;
     for (int i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
-        const char *entryName = *reinterpret_cast<const char *const *>(
-            base + i * Offsets::EVENT_ENTRY_STRIDE +
+        const char *entryName = Game::Read<const char *>(
+            base + i * Offsets::EVENT_ENTRY_STRIDE,
             Offsets::OFF_EVENT_ENTRY_NAME);
         if (entryName != nullptr && std::strcmp(entryName, name) == 0)
             return i;
@@ -285,16 +285,16 @@ int LookupByName(const char *name) {
 bool HasListeners(int slot) {
     if (slot < 0)
         return false;
-    auto *base = *reinterpret_cast<uint8_t **>(Offsets::VAR_EVENT_TABLE_BASE_PTR);
-    const int count = *reinterpret_cast<int *>(Offsets::VAR_EVENT_TABLE_COUNT);
+    auto *base = Game::Read<uint8_t *>(Offsets::VAR_EVENT_TABLE_BASE_PTR);
+    const int count = Game::Read<int>(Offsets::VAR_EVENT_TABLE_COUNT);
     if (base == nullptr || slot >= count)
         return false;
     // The entry's chain head (`+0x0C`): a populated subscriber chain is a
     // non-zero pointer with the low bit clear; `0` or an odd (tagged)
     // value is the empty self-sentinel — same test the grow-safety scan
     // uses. So this is true iff at least one frame registered for the event.
-    const uint32_t head = *reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t *>(
-        base + slot * Offsets::EVENT_ENTRY_STRIDE + Offsets::OFF_EVENT_ENTRY_HEAD);
+    const uint32_t head = Game::Read<uint32_t>(
+        base + slot * Offsets::EVENT_ENTRY_STRIDE, Offsets::OFF_EVENT_ENTRY_HEAD);
     return head != 0 && (head & 1) == 0;
 }
 
@@ -330,12 +330,12 @@ int __fastcall Script_DumpSlot(void *L) {
         return 0;
     }
     const int slot = static_cast<int>(Game::Lua::ToNumber(L, 1));
-    auto *base = *reinterpret_cast<uint8_t **>(Offsets::VAR_EVENT_TABLE_BASE_PTR);
-    const int count = *reinterpret_cast<int *>(Offsets::VAR_EVENT_TABLE_COUNT);
+    auto *base = Game::Read<uint8_t *>(Offsets::VAR_EVENT_TABLE_BASE_PTR);
+    const int count = Game::Read<int>(Offsets::VAR_EVENT_TABLE_COUNT);
     const char *name = nullptr;
     if (base != nullptr && slot >= 0 && slot < count) {
-        name = *reinterpret_cast<const char *const *>(
-            base + slot * Offsets::EVENT_ENTRY_STRIDE +
+        name = Game::Read<const char *>(
+            base + slot * Offsets::EVENT_ENTRY_STRIDE,
             Offsets::OFF_EVENT_ENTRY_NAME);
     }
     Debug::Log::Printf("[dumpslot] base=0x%08X count=%d slot=%d name='%s'",
@@ -345,16 +345,16 @@ int __fastcall Script_DumpSlot(void *L) {
 }
 
 int __fastcall Script_DumpAllEvents(void *) {
-    auto *base = *reinterpret_cast<uint8_t **>(Offsets::VAR_EVENT_TABLE_BASE_PTR);
-    const int count = *reinterpret_cast<int *>(Offsets::VAR_EVENT_TABLE_COUNT);
+    auto *base = Game::Read<uint8_t *>(Offsets::VAR_EVENT_TABLE_BASE_PTR);
+    const int count = Game::Read<int>(Offsets::VAR_EVENT_TABLE_COUNT);
     Debug::Log::Printf("[dumpall] base=0x%08X count=%d",
                        static_cast<unsigned>(reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(base)),
                        count);
     if (base == nullptr)
         return 0;
     for (int i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
-        const char *name = *reinterpret_cast<const char *const *>(
-            base + i * Offsets::EVENT_ENTRY_STRIDE +
+        const char *name = Game::Read<const char *>(
+            base + i * Offsets::EVENT_ENTRY_STRIDE,
             Offsets::OFF_EVENT_ENTRY_NAME);
         if (name != nullptr && *name != '\0')
             Debug::Log::Printf("[%d] %s", i, name);

src/event/Registered.cpp

@@ -50,22 +50,20 @@ int __fastcall Script_GetFramesRegisteredForEvent(void *L) {
     if (slot < 0)
         return 0;
 
-    auto *base = *reinterpret_cast<uint8_t **>(Offsets::VAR_EVENT_TABLE_BASE_PTR);
+    auto *base = Game::Read<uint8_t *>(Offsets::VAR_EVENT_TABLE_BASE_PTR);
     if (base == nullptr)
         return 0;
 
     const uint8_t *entry = base + slot * Offsets::EVENT_ENTRY_STRIDE;
-    const uintptr_t head = *reinterpret_cast<const uintptr_t *>(
-        entry + Offsets::OFF_EVENT_ENTRY_HEAD);
+    const uintptr_t head = Game::Read<uintptr_t>(entry, Offsets::OFF_EVENT_ENTRY_HEAD);
 
     // First pass: count subscribers so we can reserve stack up front — an
     // event with many registered frames would otherwise risk overflowing
     // the default Lua stack slack as we push.
     int count = 0;
     for (uintptr_t node = head; (node & 1) == 0 && node != 0;
-         node = *reinterpret_cast<const uintptr_t *>(
-             node + Offsets::OFF_EVENT_NODE_NEXT)) {
-        if (*reinterpret_cast<void *const *>(node + Offsets::OFF_EVENT_NODE_FRAME))
+         node = Game::Read<uintptr_t>(node + Offsets::OFF_EVENT_NODE_NEXT)) {
+        if (Game::Read<void *>(node + Offsets::OFF_EVENT_NODE_FRAME))
             ++count;
     }
     if (count == 0)
@@ -74,10 +72,8 @@ int __fastcall Script_GetFramesRegisteredForEvent(void *L) {
 
     int pushed = 0;
     for (uintptr_t node = head; (node & 1) == 0 && node != 0;
-         node = *reinterpret_cast<const uintptr_t *>(
-             node + Offsets::OFF_EVENT_NODE_NEXT)) {
-        void *frame = *reinterpret_cast<void *const *>(
-            node + Offsets::OFF_EVENT_NODE_FRAME);
+         node = Game::Read<uintptr_t>(node + Offsets::OFF_EVENT_NODE_NEXT)) {
+        void *frame = Game::Read<void *>(node + Offsets::OFF_EVENT_NODE_FRAME);
         if (frame != nullptr) {
             UI::FrameObject::Push(L, frame);
             ++pushed;

src/fontstring/Metrics.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,409 @@
+// This file is part of ClassicAPI.
+//
+// ClassicAPI is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms
+// of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation, either
+// version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// ClassicAPI is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
+// WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
+// PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+// FontString metric backports.
+//
+// 1.12's FontString method table (32 entries at 0x0087C1D8, registry context
+// VAR_FONTSTRING_METHOD_REGISTRY) ships GetStringWidth but none of the later
+// metric bindings. The engine already has every internal getter — these are
+// the thin Lua bindings Blizzard never wrote for 1.12:
+//
+//   GetStringHeight()         — 2.3.0 binding; internal getter
+//                               FUN_FONTSTRING_STRING_HEIGHT (wrap-aware,
+//                               lines×fontH + (lines−1)×spacing, cache
+//                               fs+0x100, 0 for empty text).
+//   GetUnboundedStringWidth() — the substring measure with the WHOLE string
+//                               (FUN_FONTSTRING_MEASURE_SUBSTRING, len 0 =
+//                               strlen): the string's width with no wrap cap.
+//                               Icon-aware for free — the call routes through
+//                               text/InlineTexture.cpp's co-hook.
+//   GetWrappedWidth()         — the RENDERED width: the widest wrapped line
+//                               (the tooltip auto-size's own recipe — break
+//                               array + per-segment substring measures).
+//   GetNumLines()             — the node's built line count (render truth,
+//                               OFF_TEXT_NODE_BUILT_LINES) once painted; for
+//                               an unbuilt node, the engine's own break-array
+//                               computer (FUN_FONTSTRING_BREAK_ARRAY — also
+//                               icon-aware via the wrap-stepper co-hook).
+//   GetLineHeight()           — the fs font height via the same getter the
+//                               rebuild feeds the text node (FUN_007727b0);
+//                               excludes spacing, like retail (GetSpacing is
+//                               its own method).
+//   IsTruncated()             — did the engine cut the text off with an
+//                               ellipsis? Reads the render's own output: the
+//                               built text node's copy of the laid-out string
+//                               (OFF_TEXT_NODE_TEXT) vs the source. Same
+//                               "displayed vs full" comparison retail does; no
+//                               reconstruction of the fit/wrap/maxLines logic.
+//                               Reflects the last rendered layout (the display-
+//                               text resolver's rect is zero until a render, so
+//                               a Lua-time re-call cannot see the bound).
+//   SetMaxLines(n)/GetMaxLines() — cap the fontstring to n wrapped lines; text
+//                               past the cap is ellipsized. Writes the engine's
+//                               own per-fontstring maxLines field (fs+0x128,
+//                               already honored by the truncation resolver) and
+//                               re-invalidates the layout like SetText does.
+//                               1.12 has no SetWordWrap, so SetMaxLines(1) is
+//                               how you get a single-line, ellipsized label.
+//   SetFormattedText(fmt,...) — string.format + SetText convenience. The format
+//                               runs through the engine's OWN str_format C
+//                               function (FUN_LUA_STR_FORMAT) under pcall — NOT
+//                               _G.string.format, so an addon replacing
+//                               string.format can't hijack it (matches retail).
+//                               The set goes through FUN_FONTSTRING_SET_TEXT,
+//                               keeping the sanitizer/pipe handling identical to
+//                               SetText.
+//
+// Push conversion mirrors Script_GetStringWidth (0x0079E510): resolve self,
+// call the internal getter, convert anchor units → UI pixels, push.
+//
+// No inline-icon adjustment lives HERE: the width/height internal getters are
+// already icon-adjusted by their co-hooks (calling the hooked VA routes
+// through the detour), and icons never change GetLineHeight.
+
+#include "Game.h"
+#include "Offsets.h"
+
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <cstring>
+
+namespace FontString::Metrics {
+namespace {
+
+// FUN_FONTSTRING_STRING_HEIGHT — ECX = fs, no stack args, float in x87 ST0.
+using StringHeightInternal_t = float(__fastcall *)(void *fs);
+// FUN_FONTSTRING_MEASURE_SUBSTRING — __thiscall(fs, text, len); dummy-EDX form.
+using MeasureSubstring_t = float(__fastcall *)(void *fs, void *edx, const char *text, int len);
+// FUN_FONTSTRING_FONT_HEIGHT — __thiscall(fs, mode-on-stack); dummy-EDX form.
+using FsFontHeight_t = float(__fastcall *)(void *fs, void *edx, int mode);
+// FUN_FONTSTRING_BREAK_ARRAY — __thiscall(fs, text, wrapWidth, outBreaks, cap).
+using BreakArray_t = uint32_t(__fastcall *)(void *fs, void *edx, const char *text, float width,
+                                            int *outBreaks, int cap);
+// FUN_FONTSTRING_SET_TEXT — __thiscall(fs, text, flag = 0); dummy-EDX form.
+using FsSetText_t = void(__fastcall *)(void *fs, void *edx, const char *text, int flag);
+// FUN_HANDLE_RELEASE — DecRef a ref-counted handle. __fastcall(handle).
+using HandleRelease_t = void(__fastcall *)(void *handle);
+// FUN_FONTSTRING_LAYOUT_INVALIDATE — region layout invalidate. __thiscall(region,
+// int); dummy-EDX form.
+using LayoutInvalidate_t = void(__fastcall *)(void *region, void *edx, int arg);
+
+// Invalidate a fontstring's layout exactly as SetText (FUN_00771D80) does after
+// a content change, so a layout-affecting property change (max lines) takes
+// effect on the next draw: drop the cached measures, release the built node,
+// clear the layout-dirty bit, and notify the region to re-lay-out. Re-calling
+// SetText would NOT work — it early-outs when the text string is unchanged.
+void InvalidateLayout(void *fs) {
+    Game::Ref<float>(fs, Offsets::OFF_FONTSTRING_WIDTH_CACHE) = 0.0f;
+    Game::Ref<float>(fs, Offsets::OFF_FONTSTRING_HEIGHT_CACHE) = 0.0f;
+    void *block = Game::Read<void *>(fs, Offsets::OFF_FONTSTRING_TEXT_BLOCK);
+    if (block != nullptr) {
+        reinterpret_cast<HandleRelease_t>(Offsets::FUN_HANDLE_RELEASE)(block);
+        Game::Ref<void *>(fs, Offsets::OFF_FONTSTRING_TEXT_BLOCK) = nullptr;
+    }
+    Game::Ref<uint32_t>(fs, Offsets::OFF_FONTSTRING_DIRTY_FLAGS) &= ~1u;
+    void *region = reinterpret_cast<void *>(reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(fs) + 0x24);
+    reinterpret_cast<LayoutInvalidate_t>(Offsets::FUN_FONTSTRING_LAYOUT_INVALIDATE)(
+        region, nullptr, 0);
+}
+
+// Anchor units → UI pixels: `FUN_0041AE40(FUN_0041AD70() × DAT_007FFD68 × v)`
+// = v × [VAR_UI_COORD_SCALE_DIV] × 1024 / [VAR_UI_COORD_SCALE_MUL] — the exact
+// push chain Script_GetStringWidth uses (the inverse of
+// Tooltip::LinePool::PixelToInternal).
+double InternalToPixel(float v) {
+    const float mul = Game::Read<float>(Offsets::VAR_UI_COORD_SCALE_MUL);
+    const float div = Game::Read<float>(Offsets::VAR_UI_COORD_SCALE_DIV);
+    if (mul == 0.0f)
+        return 0.0;
+    return static_cast<double>(v) * div * Offsets::UI_COORD_SCALE_UNIT / mul;
+}
+
+// The fs's wrap budget in the units FUN_FONTSTRING_BREAK_ARRAY expects
+// (width-getter units — it multiplies by fs+0x7C itself before gxu, verified
+// decompile), or 0 when the rect is unresolved. rectWidth ÷ scale, calibrated
+// EMPIRICALLY against the render with a three-point probe (a 100px box at
+// scale ~0.91, text whose candidate lines measure 78.1 / 94.6 / 101.6px):
+//   raw rectW      → effective budget ~91px  → broke one word EARLY,
+//   rectW/scale²   → effective budget ~110px → broke one word LATE,
+//   rectW/scale    → effective budget 100px  → breaks exactly where the
+//                    render does (94.6 ≤ 100 < 101.6).
+// All three observations fit budget_px = pxOf(param) × scale, pinning the
+// single ÷scale. (A pure paper derivation from the rebuild's node budget
+// predicted /scale² — one hop of that chain models the live behaviour wrong;
+// the probe is the arbiter.)
+float WrapBudget(void *fs) {
+    const float *rc = Game::Ptr<const float>(fs, Offsets::OFF_REGION_RECT);
+    float width = (rc[3] > rc[1]) ? (rc[3] - rc[1]) : (rc[1] - rc[3]);
+    const float s = Game::Read<float>(fs, Offsets::OFF_LAYOUT_SCALE);
+    if (width > 0.0f && s > 0.0f)
+        width /= s;
+    return width;
+}
+
+// Shared self-resolve for every method here.
+void *ResolveSelf(void *L, const char *usage) {
+    void *fs = nullptr;
+    if (Game::Lua::Type(L, 1) == Game::Lua::TYPE_TABLE)
+        fs = Game::Lua::ResolveObject(L, 1);
+    if (fs == nullptr)
+        Game::Lua::Error(L, "%s", usage);
+    return fs;
+}
+
+int __fastcall Script_GetStringHeight(void *L) {
+    void *fs = ResolveSelf(L, "Usage: fontstring:GetStringHeight()");
+    if (fs == nullptr)
+        return 0;
+    const float h = reinterpret_cast<StringHeightInternal_t>(
+        Offsets::FUN_FONTSTRING_STRING_HEIGHT)(fs);
+    Game::Lua::PushNumber(L, InternalToPixel(h));
+    return 1;
+}
+
+int __fastcall Script_GetUnboundedStringWidth(void *L) {
+    void *fs = ResolveSelf(L, "Usage: fontstring:GetUnboundedStringWidth()");
+    if (fs == nullptr)
+        return 0;
+    const char *text = Game::Read<const char *>(fs, Offsets::OFF_FONTSTRING_TEXT);
+    if (text == nullptr || *text == '\0') {
+        Game::Lua::PushNumber(L, 0.0);
+        return 1;
+    }
+    const float w = reinterpret_cast<MeasureSubstring_t>(
+        Offsets::FUN_FONTSTRING_MEASURE_SUBSTRING)(fs, nullptr, text, 0);
+    Game::Lua::PushNumber(L, InternalToPixel(w));
+    return 1;
+}
+
+int __fastcall Script_GetNumLines(void *L) {
+    void *fs = ResolveSelf(L, "Usage: fontstring:GetNumLines()");
+    if (fs == nullptr)
+        return 0;
+    const char *text = Game::Read<const char *>(fs, Offsets::OFF_FONTSTRING_TEXT);
+    if (text == nullptr || *text == '\0') {
+        Game::Lua::PushNumber(L, 0.0);
+        return 1;
+    }
+    // Render truth first: the built node's line count. Zero until the node
+    // paints once (hidden fs, mid-rebuild) — fall back below.
+    void *block = Game::Read<void *>(fs, Offsets::OFF_FONTSTRING_TEXT_BLOCK);
+    if (block != nullptr) {
+        void *node = Game::Read<void *>(block, Offsets::OFF_TEXTBLOCK_NODE);
+        if (node != nullptr) {
+            const int built = Game::Read<int>(node, Offsets::OFF_TEXT_NODE_BUILT_LINES);
+            if (built > 0) {
+                Game::Lua::PushNumber(L, static_cast<double>(built));
+                return 1;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    // Unbuilt: the engine's own break-array computer, fed the fs's wrap
+    // budget (see WrapBudget's scale note). An unresolved rect (0 width)
+    // means no wrap constraint exists yet — one line, like a fresh
+    // single-anchor fs.
+    const float width = WrapBudget(fs);
+    if (width <= 0.0f) {
+        Game::Lua::PushNumber(L, 1.0);
+        return 1;
+    }
+    int breaks[64];
+    uint32_t lines = reinterpret_cast<BreakArray_t>(Offsets::FUN_FONTSTRING_BREAK_ARRAY)(
+        fs, nullptr, text, width, breaks, 64);
+    if (lines > 64u)
+        lines = 64u;
+    if (lines == 0u)
+        lines = 1u;
+    Game::Lua::PushNumber(L, static_cast<double>(lines));
+    return 1;
+}
+
+int __fastcall Script_GetWrappedWidth(void *L) {
+    void *fs = ResolveSelf(L, "Usage: fontstring:GetWrappedWidth()");
+    if (fs == nullptr)
+        return 0;
+    const char *text = Game::Read<const char *>(fs, Offsets::OFF_FONTSTRING_TEXT);
+    if (text == nullptr || *text == '\0') {
+        Game::Lua::PushNumber(L, 0.0);
+        return 1;
+    }
+    auto measure =
+        reinterpret_cast<MeasureSubstring_t>(Offsets::FUN_FONTSTRING_MEASURE_SUBSTRING);
+    // The fs's wrap budget (see WrapBudget's scale note). Without one
+    // (unresolved rect) nothing wraps, and the rendered width IS the
+    // one-line width.
+    const float budget = WrapBudget(fs);
+    if (budget <= 0.0f) {
+        Game::Lua::PushNumber(L, InternalToPixel(measure(fs, nullptr, text, 0)));
+        return 1;
+    }
+    // The tooltip auto-size's own recipe (FUN_00530640): break positions from
+    // the break-array computer, then the widest per-segment measure. Both
+    // callees are icon-aware through their co-hooks, and a segment-final icon
+    // reports its ink edge — so this is the rendered width, wrap and icons
+    // included.
+    int breaks[64];
+    uint32_t segs = reinterpret_cast<BreakArray_t>(Offsets::FUN_FONTSTRING_BREAK_ARRAY)(
+        fs, nullptr, text, budget, breaks, 64);
+    if (segs > 64u)
+        segs = 64u;
+    if (segs <= 1u) {
+        Game::Lua::PushNumber(L, InternalToPixel(measure(fs, nullptr, text, 0)));
+        return 1;
+    }
+    int len = 0;
+    while (len < 0x4000 && text[len] != '\0')
+        ++len;
+    float widest = 0.0f;
+    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < segs; ++i) {
+        const int start = breaks[i];
+        int end = (i + 1 < segs) ? breaks[i + 1] : len;
+        if (start < 0 || start >= end || end > len)
+            continue;
+        // A segment runs to the NEXT segment's start, which includes the
+        // whitespace the wrap consumed — the render never draws it, and a
+        // trailing space also flips the last real letter from ink to
+        // full-advance treatment (+~1.5px, measured). Trim to what renders.
+        while (end > start && (text[end - 1] == ' ' || text[end - 1] == '\n' ||
+                               text[end - 1] == '\r' || text[end - 1] == '\t'))
+            --end;
+        if (start >= end)
+            continue;
+        const float w = measure(fs, nullptr, text + start, end - start);
+        if (w > widest)
+            widest = w;
+    }
+    Game::Lua::PushNumber(L, InternalToPixel(widest));
+    return 1;
+}
+
+int __fastcall Script_GetLineHeight(void *L) {
+    void *fs = ResolveSelf(L, "Usage: fontstring:GetLineHeight()");
+    if (fs == nullptr)
+        return 0;
+    const float h = reinterpret_cast<FsFontHeight_t>(Offsets::FUN_FONTSTRING_FONT_HEIGHT)(
+        fs, nullptr, 1);
+    Game::Lua::PushNumber(L, InternalToPixel(h));
+    return 1;
+}
+
+int __fastcall Script_IsTruncated(void *L) {
+    void *fs = ResolveSelf(L, "Usage: fontstring:IsTruncated()");
+    if (fs == nullptr)
+        return 0;
+    // Retail computes this by running the display-text resolver and strcmp'ing
+    // its result against the source (5.4.8 inner fn 0x0045E001). 1.12's resolver
+    // needs the LAID-OUT rect (fs+0x64), which is zero until a render pass, so a
+    // Lua-time re-call always sees an unbounded box and never truncates. Read the
+    // render's OWN output instead: the built text node keeps a copy of exactly
+    // the string it laid out (OFF_TEXT_NODE_TEXT) — the ellipsized "<prefix>..."
+    // form on truncation, else the source verbatim. So this reflects the last
+    // rendered layout (the fontstring must have drawn once), matching retail's
+    // "displayed vs full" semantics.
+    bool truncated = false;
+    void *block = Game::Read<void *>(fs, Offsets::OFF_FONTSTRING_TEXT_BLOCK);
+    const char *src = Game::Read<const char *>(fs, Offsets::OFF_FONTSTRING_TEXT);
+    if (block != nullptr && src != nullptr) {
+        void *node = Game::Read<void *>(block, Offsets::OFF_TEXTBLOCK_NODE);
+        const char *shown =
+            (node != nullptr) ? Game::Read<const char *>(node, Offsets::OFF_TEXT_NODE_TEXT)
+                              : nullptr;
+        if (shown != nullptr) {
+            // A truncated display is exactly <source-prefix> + "...". Require the
+            // "..." suffix, a length strictly shorter than the source, and a
+            // matching byte-prefix. This rejects a STALE node — one left from a
+            // previous, different text after a fresh SetText, not yet re-laid-out
+            // — which would otherwise read as a truncation of the new text.
+            const size_t nlen = std::strlen(shown);
+            const size_t slen = std::strlen(src);
+            if (nlen >= 3 && nlen < slen && shown[nlen - 3] == '.' &&
+                shown[nlen - 2] == '.' && shown[nlen - 1] == '.' &&
+                std::memcmp(shown, src, nlen - 3) == 0)
+                truncated = true;
+        }
+    }
+    Game::Lua::PushBool(L, truncated);
+    return 1;
+}
+
+int __fastcall Script_SetMaxLines(void *L) {
+    void *fs = ResolveSelf(L, "Usage: fontstring:SetMaxLines(maxLines)");
+    if (fs == nullptr)
+        return 0;
+    // <= 0 or a non-number means "no cap" — the engine treats 0 as unlimited.
+    int maxLines = 0;
+    if (Game::Lua::IsNumber(L, 2)) {
+        const double n = Game::Lua::ToNumber(L, 2);
+        if (n > 0.0)
+            maxLines = static_cast<int>(n);
+    }
+    if (maxLines != Game::Read<int>(fs, Offsets::OFF_FONTSTRING_MAX_LINES)) {
+        Game::Ref<int>(fs, Offsets::OFF_FONTSTRING_MAX_LINES) = maxLines;
+        InvalidateLayout(fs);
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
+int __fastcall Script_GetMaxLines(void *L) {
+    void *fs = ResolveSelf(L, "Usage: fontstring:GetMaxLines()");
+    if (fs == nullptr)
+        return 0;
+    Game::Lua::PushNumber(
+        L, static_cast<double>(Game::Read<int>(fs, Offsets::OFF_FONTSTRING_MAX_LINES)));
+    return 1;
+}
+
+int __fastcall Script_SetFormattedText(void *L) {
+    void *fs = nullptr;
+    if (Game::Lua::Type(L, 1) == Game::Lua::TYPE_TABLE)
+        fs = Game::Lua::ResolveObject(L, 1);
+    if (fs == nullptr || !Game::Lua::IsString(L, 2)) {
+        Game::Lua::Error(L, "Usage: fontstring:SetFormattedText(\"format\"[, ...])");
+        return 0;
+    }
+    const int top = Game::Lua::GetTop(L);
+    Game::Lua::CheckStack(L, top + 4);
+    Game::Lua::PushCClosure(
+        L, reinterpret_cast<Game::Lua::CFunction>(Offsets::FUN_LUA_STR_FORMAT), 0);
+    for (int i = 2; i <= top; ++i)
+        Game::Lua::PushValue(L, i);
+    if (Game::Lua::PCall(L, top - 1, 1, 0) != 0) {
+        const char *msg = Game::Lua::ToString(L, -1);
+        Game::Lua::Error(L, "%s", (msg != nullptr) ? msg : "SetFormattedText: format failed");
+        return 0;
+    }
+    const char *result = Game::Lua::ToString(L, -1);
+    reinterpret_cast<FsSetText_t>(Offsets::FUN_FONTSTRING_SET_TEXT)(
+        fs, nullptr, (result != nullptr) ? result : "", 0);
+    Game::Lua::SetTop(L, top);
+    return 0;
+}
+
+const Game::Lua::FrameMethodEntry g_methods[] = {
+    {"GetStringHeight", &Script_GetStringHeight},
+    {"GetUnboundedStringWidth", &Script_GetUnboundedStringWidth},
+    {"GetWrappedWidth", &Script_GetWrappedWidth},
+    {"GetNumLines", &Script_GetNumLines},
+    {"GetLineHeight", &Script_GetLineHeight},
+    {"IsTruncated", &Script_IsTruncated},
+    {"SetMaxLines", &Script_SetMaxLines},
+    {"GetMaxLines", &Script_GetMaxLines},
+    {"SetFormattedText", &Script_SetFormattedText},
+};
+
+void RegisterLuaFunctions() {
+    Game::Lua::RegisterFrameMethods(
+        reinterpret_cast<void *>(Offsets::VAR_FONTSTRING_METHOD_REGISTRY), g_methods,
+        static_cast<int>(sizeof(g_methods) / sizeof(g_methods[0])));
+}
+
+const Game::ModuleAutoRegister _autoreg{&RegisterLuaFunctions};
+
+} // namespace
+} // namespace FontString::Metrics

src/frame/Attributes.cpp

@@ -58,16 +58,25 @@
 // resolve via ReadModAttr's precedence. Verbs: `target` (with the engine's
 // default-interaction precedence — pending spell / cursor item cast/drop on the
 // unit instead of switching target), `assist`, `focus`, `spell` (reads the
-// `spell` attribute and casts it on the unit via our native C_Spell.CastAtUnit —
-// the unit's GUID goes straight to the cast dispatcher, no target juggling, and
-// ground-target spells land at the unit's feet), `item` (uses the `item`
+// `spell` attribute and casts it: with a `unit` attribute, on that unit via our
+// native C_Spell.CastAtUnit — the unit's GUID goes straight to the cast
+// dispatcher, no target juggling, and ground-target spells land at its feet;
+// with no `unit`, on the current target via the plain CastSpellByName), `item`
+// (uses the `item`
 // attribute — a name/itemID/link via C_Item.UseItemByName with the unit as the
 // use target, or a "bag slot" string like "0 1" via UseContainerItem; the
 // deprecated `bag`/`slot` attributes also work), `macro` (from the
 // `macrotext`/`macro` attribute — prefers an addon RunMacro, else runs natively
 // via the stock ChatEdit_ParseText), `stopcasting`, `menu`/`togglemenu` (pops
 // the standard unit dropdown at the cursor via the addon's
-// ClassicAPI_ToggleUnitMenu). Actions call ordinary Lua globals where the entry
+// ClassicAPI_ToggleUnitMenu, or cancels spell-targeting when a spell is on the
+// cursor), `action` (UseAction of the `action` slot), `pet` (CastPetAction of
+// the `action` index), `click` (forwards to the frame in the `clickbutton`
+// attribute via delegate:Click), and any other verb as a custom action — a
+// function stored as a raw field on the frame named by the verb, called as
+// func(self, unit, button). This is the complete secure-button verb set, so the
+// !!!ClassicAPI addon ships no parallel Lua dispatcher. Actions call ordinary
+// Lua globals where the entry
 // is the engine's (TargetUnit, IsAltKeyDown, …); where we own a C++ module the
 // dispatch goes straight to it, no Lua round-trip (Spell::AtUnit for `spell`,
 // Unit::Focus for `focus`). All run under the engine's protected OnClick.
@@ -98,6 +107,7 @@
 #include "Offsets.h"
 #include "baselib/Ascii.h"
 #include "cursor/Info.h"
+#include "macro/Execute.h"
 #include "object/Resolve.h"
 #include "spell/AtCursor.h"
 #include "spell/AtUnit.h"
@@ -208,7 +218,12 @@ bool CopyAttr(void *L, int frameIdx, const char *lname, char *buf, size_t n) {
         const int si = Game::Lua::GetTop(L);
         Game::Lua::PushString(L, lname);
         Game::Lua::RawGet(L, si);            // [.., sub, val]
-        if (Game::Lua::Type(L, -1) == Game::Lua::TYPE_STRING) {
+        const int t = Game::Lua::Type(L, -1);
+        if (t == Game::Lua::TYPE_STRING || t == Game::Lua::TYPE_NUMBER) {
+            // lua_tostring coerces a number to its digits in place — on our
+            // temporary stack copy, so the stored attribute is untouched. This
+            // lets a numeric attribute value (e.g. SetAttribute("spell", 12345)
+            // or a numeric itemID) read as a string.
             const char *s = Game::Lua::ToString(L, -1);
             if (s) {
                 BoundedCopy(buf, s, n);
@@ -299,78 +314,6 @@ bool CallTableFunc2Str(void *L, const char *table, const char *method,
     return called;
 }
 
-// ---- macrotext execution (stock ChatEdit_ParseText, no addon dependency) ----
-//
-// 1.12 has no `RunMacroText`/`RunMacro` global — those are addon shims (pfUI
-// wraps `ChatEdit_ParseText`; SuperCleveRoidMacros ships its own `RunMacro`).
-// To run macro text without depending on an addon, we replicate pfUI's shim in
-// C: build a throwaway "edit box" whose `GetText` returns the line and whose
-// every other method is a harmless no-op (via an `__index` metamethod), then
-// hand it to the stock FrameXML `ChatEdit_ParseText(editBox, 1)` — the same
-// path the real chat box uses to dispatch a slash command / send a line.
-
-// GetText: returns upvalue(1), the captured line.
-int __fastcall MacroGetText_c(void *L) {
-    Game::Lua::PushValue(L, Game::Lua::UpvalueIndex(1));
-    return 1;
-}
-
-// A no-op standing in for any edit-box method the parser happens to call.
-int __fastcall MacroNoop_c(void *) { return 0; }
-
-// __index(tab, key): hand back the no-op so `editBox:AnyMethod()` is safe.
-int __fastcall MacroIndex_c(void *L) {
-    Game::Lua::PushCClosure(L, &MacroNoop_c, 0);
-    return 1;
-}
-
-// Runs a single macro line through the stock chat parser.
-void RunMacroLineC(void *L, const char *line, size_t len) {
-    if (len == 0) return;
-    const int top = Game::Lua::GetTop(L);
-
-    Game::Lua::NewTable(L);                    // fake editBox
-    const int obj = Game::Lua::GetTop(L);
-
-    Game::Lua::PushString(L, "GetText");       // obj.GetText = closure over line
-    Game::Lua::PushLString(L, line, static_cast<unsigned int>(len));
-    Game::Lua::PushCClosure(L, &MacroGetText_c, 1);
-    Game::Lua::SetTable(L, obj);
-
-    Game::Lua::NewTable(L);                     // metatable { __index = noop }
-    const int mt = Game::Lua::GetTop(L);
-    Game::Lua::PushString(L, "__index");
-    Game::Lua::PushCClosure(L, &MacroIndex_c, 0);
-    Game::Lua::SetTable(L, mt);
-
-    // No lua_setmetatable binding — use the Lua global.
-    if (Game::Lua::PushGlobalFunction(L, "setmetatable")) {
-        Game::Lua::PushValue(L, obj);
-        Game::Lua::PushValue(L, mt);
-        Game::Lua::Call(L, 2, 0);
-    }
-
-    if (Game::Lua::PushGlobalFunction(L, "ChatEdit_ParseText")) {
-        Game::Lua::PushValue(L, obj);
-        Game::Lua::PushNumber(L, 1);           // send = 1
-        Game::Lua::Call(L, 2, 0);
-    }
-
-    Game::Lua::SetTop(L, top);
-}
-
-// Runs macro text one line at a time — a real macro is line-delimited, and a
-// single ChatEdit_ParseText call only dispatches one command.
-void RunMacroTextC(void *L, const char *text) {
-    if (!text) return;
-    for (const char *p = text; *p;) {
-        const char *nl = p;
-        while (*nl && *nl != '\n') ++nl;
-        RunMacroLineC(L, p, static_cast<size_t>(nl - p));
-        p = (*nl == '\n') ? nl + 1 : nl;
-    }
-}
-
 // ---- mouse-focus poll (drives the native mouseover slot) -------------------
 
 // frame CFrameScriptObject* → current `unit` token, for the mouse-focus poll.
@@ -384,12 +327,11 @@ std::unordered_map<const void *, std::string> g_unitByFrame;
 uint64_t g_lastSet = 0;
 
 const void *CurrentMouseFocus() {
-    const void *ctx = *reinterpret_cast<const void *const *>(
+    const void *ctx = Game::Read<const void *>(
         static_cast<uintptr_t>(Offsets::VAR_UI_CONTEXT_PTR));
     if (ctx == nullptr)
         return nullptr;
-    return *reinterpret_cast<const void *const *>(
-        reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(ctx) + Offsets::OFF_UI_CONTEXT_MOUSE_FOCUS);
+    return Game::Read<const void *>(ctx, Offsets::OFF_UI_CONTEXT_MOUSE_FOCUS);
 }
 
 // The engine's real mouseover setter — `__stdcall(guidLo, guidHi, prevLo,
@@ -422,7 +364,7 @@ bool GuidHasLiveUnit(uint64_t guid) {
 // works for an offline member). The engine's setter (FUN_00492890) gates this
 // call on a live object, so offline members get nothing — we do it here.
 void BuildRosterUnitTooltip(uint64_t guid) {
-    void *tooltip = *reinterpret_cast<void *const *>(
+    void *tooltip = Game::Read<void *>(
         static_cast<uintptr_t>(Offsets::VAR_GAMETOOLTIP_OBJECT_PTR));
     if (tooltip == nullptr)
         return;
@@ -434,9 +376,8 @@ void BuildRosterUnitTooltip(uint64_t guid) {
     // no owner and never re-appears (only a subsequent live-unit hover, which
     // takes the engine's own anchor path, would). Use the self-contained
     // invoker FUN_FRAME_INVOKE_SCRIPT, safe to call from the WorldTick.
-    const int anchorHandler = *reinterpret_cast<const int *>(
-        reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(tooltip) +
-        Offsets::OFF_TOOLTIP_SET_DEFAULT_ANCHOR_HANDLER);
+    const int anchorHandler = Game::Read<int>(
+        tooltip, Offsets::OFF_TOOLTIP_SET_DEFAULT_ANCHOR_HANDLER);
     if (anchorHandler != 0)
         reinterpret_cast<void(__fastcall *)(int, void *)>(
             static_cast<uintptr_t>(Offsets::FUN_FRAME_INVOKE_SCRIPT))(anchorHandler,
@@ -585,10 +526,79 @@ bool CallGlobalNum2(void *L, const char *name, double a, double b) {
     return called;
 }
 
+// _G[name](a) — one number arg, no results. Returns true iff called.
+bool CallGlobalNum1(void *L, const char *name, double a) {
+    const int top = Game::Lua::GetTop(L);
+    const bool called = Game::Lua::PushGlobalFunction(L, name);
+    if (called) {
+        Game::Lua::PushNumber(L, a);
+        Game::Lua::Call(L, 1, 0);
+    }
+    Game::Lua::SetTop(L, top);
+    return called;
+}
+
+// `click` verb: the `clickbutton` attribute holds a FRAME (not a string).
+// Resolve it with the same modified-key precedence as ReadModAttr, then forward
+// the click via delegate:Click(button). Returns true iff a delegate was called.
+bool ClickDelegate(void *L, int fi, const char *prefix, const char *suffix,
+                   const char *button) {
+    char key[128];
+    Compose3Lower(key, sizeof key, prefix, "clickbutton", suffix);
+    bool got = TryPushValue(L, fi, key);
+    if (!got) {
+        Compose3Lower(key, sizeof key, "", "clickbutton", suffix);
+        got = TryPushValue(L, fi, key);
+    }
+    if (!got) {
+        Compose3Lower(key, sizeof key, "", "clickbutton", "");
+        got = TryPushValue(L, fi, key);
+    }
+    if (!got) return false;                          // no delegate configured
+
+    const int di = Game::Lua::GetTop(L);             // the delegate value
+    bool called = false;
+    if (Game::Lua::Type(L, di) == Game::Lua::TYPE_TABLE) {
+        Game::Lua::PushString(L, "Click");
+        Game::Lua::GetTable(L, di);                  // delegate.Click
+        if (Game::Lua::Type(L, -1) == Game::Lua::TYPE_FUNCTION) {
+            Game::Lua::PushValue(L, di);             // self = delegate
+            Game::Lua::PushString(L, button);        // button name
+            Game::Lua::Call(L, 2, 0);
+            called = true;
+        }
+    }
+    Game::Lua::SetTop(L, di - 1);                    // drop the delegate (+leftovers)
+    return called;
+}
+
+// Custom verb: a function stored as a raw field on the frame's own table named
+// by the verb (retail's escape hatch), invoked as func(self, unit, button).
+// Returns true iff such a function existed and was called.
+bool CallCustomAction(void *L, int fi, const char *verb, const char *unit,
+                      const char *button) {
+    if (Game::Lua::Type(L, fi) != Game::Lua::TYPE_TABLE) return false;
+    Game::Lua::PushString(L, verb);
+    Game::Lua::RawGet(L, fi);                        // frame[verb]
+    bool called = false;
+    if (Game::Lua::Type(L, -1) == Game::Lua::TYPE_FUNCTION) {
+        Game::Lua::PushValue(L, fi);                 // self
+        Game::Lua::PushString(L, unit);              // unit (nil if null)
+        Game::Lua::PushString(L, button);            // button name
+        Game::Lua::Call(L, 3, 0);
+        called = true;
+    } else {
+        Game::Lua::SetTop(L, Game::Lua::GetTop(L) - 1);
+    }
+    return called;
+}
+
 // Performs the resolved `verb` on `unit` (a token attribute value, may be null).
-// Returns true if it owned the click (so the chained handler is skipped).
+// `button` is the raw click-button name ("LeftButton", …), needed by the
+// `click` and custom verbs. Returns true if it owned the click (so the chained
+// handler is skipped).
 bool DispatchVerb(void *L, int fi, const char *prefix, const char *suffix,
-                  const char *verb, const char *unit) {
+                  const char *verb, const char *unit, const char *button) {
     if (Ascii::EqualCI(verb, "target")) {
         if (!unit) return false;
         // `unit="none"` clears the target (retail's SecureActionButton behavior).
@@ -620,11 +630,32 @@ bool DispatchVerb(void *L, int fi, const char *prefix, const char *suffix,
         return true;
     }
     if (Ascii::EqualCI(verb, "spell")) {
-        if (!unit) return false;
+        // A numeric spell ID (modern addons do SetAttribute("spell", 12345),
+        // stored as a Lua number; a numeric string is accepted too). Cast the
+        // EXACT rank by ID through the spellbook-slot resolver — at the unit, or
+        // with no unit on the current target (targetGuid 0). NOT name
+        // resolution, which casts the highest known rank regardless of the rank
+        // the caller asked for.
+        int spellID;
+        if (ReadModAttrInt(L, fi, prefix, "spell", suffix, &spellID)) {
+            if (unit)
+                Spell::AtUnit::CastByID(spellID, unit);
+            else
+                Spell::AtCursor::DispatchSpellCast(spellID);
+            return true;
+        }
+        // Otherwise a spell name. With a `unit`, cast straight at it (GUID →
+        // dispatcher, no target juggling; a ground-target spell lands at its
+        // feet). With no `unit`, fall back to the plain global cast on the
+        // current target — a `type="spell"` button that sets no `unit`
+        // attribute (issue #18) works like `/cast <spell>`.
         char spell[128];
         if (!ReadModAttr(L, fi, prefix, "spell", suffix, spell, sizeof spell))
             return false;
-        Spell::AtUnit::CastByName(spell, unit);
+        if (unit)
+            Spell::AtUnit::CastByName(spell, unit);
+        else
+            Game::Lua::CallGlobalString(L, "CastSpellByName", spell);
         return true;
     }
     if (Ascii::EqualCI(verb, "item")) {
@@ -646,7 +677,29 @@ bool DispatchVerb(void *L, int fi, const char *prefix, const char *suffix,
         return false;
     }
     if (Ascii::EqualCI(verb, "macro")) {
+        // Give the macro a unit to act on. Vanilla macros have no `@unit`
+        // conditional, and unlike the `spell` verb (which feeds a GUID straight
+        // to the cast dispatcher) we can't inject a target into arbitrary macro
+        // text — so a plain `/cast Flash Heal` would hit the current target, not
+        // the clicked unit. Emulate the classic Clique click-heal: snapshot the
+        // current target, retarget the clicked unit, run the macro, then restore
+        // the previous target so the click doesn't leave the player retargeted.
+        // The macro's actions (/cast etc.) dispatch against the clicked unit
+        // synchronously while it's selected, so restoring the target afterward
+        // doesn't affect them.
+        uint64_t prevTarget = 0;
+        const bool swapped = unit != nullptr;
+        if (swapped) {
+            prevTarget =
+                (static_cast<uint64_t>(Game::Read<volatile uint32_t>(
+                     Offsets::VAR_CURRENT_SELECTION_GUID_HI))
+                 << 32) |
+                Game::Read<volatile uint32_t>(
+                    Offsets::VAR_CURRENT_SELECTION_GUID_LO);
+            Game::Lua::CallGlobalString(L, "TargetUnit", unit);
+        }
         char macro[512];
+        bool handled = false;
         // `macrotext` is raw macro text (the modern default). Run it as text
         // through the stock chat parser so each line dispatches via
         // SlashCmdList — that routes /cast etc. through any addon slash hooks
@@ -654,32 +707,64 @@ bool DispatchVerb(void *L, int fi, const char *prefix, const char *suffix,
         // (which is what SuperCleveRoidMacros ships) can't interpret text and
         // would silently resolve nothing.
         if (ReadModAttr(L, fi, prefix, "macrotext", suffix, macro, sizeof macro)) {
-            RunMacroTextC(L, macro);
-            return true;
+            Macro::Execute::Text(L, macro);
+            handled = true;
         }
         // Deprecated `macro` form: a saved-macro name/index. Prefer an
         // addon-provided RunMacro (SuperCleveRoidMacros, pfUI, …) to run the
         // named macro's body; fall back to the stock parser when none exists.
-        if (ReadModAttr(L, fi, prefix, "macro", suffix, macro, sizeof macro)) {
-            if (!Game::Lua::CallGlobalString(L, "RunMacro", macro))
-                RunMacroTextC(L, macro);
-            return true;
+        else if (ReadModAttr(L, fi, prefix, "macro", suffix, macro, sizeof macro)) {
+            handled = Macro::Execute::Saved(L, macro);
         }
-        return false;
+        // Restore the target the click swapped away from. `FUN_TARGET_BY_GUID`
+        // validates the GUID resolves to a live unit and bails otherwise, so a
+        // target that despawned mid-macro is dropped cleanly rather than
+        // committed; a zero prior target means "no target" → ClearTarget.
+        if (swapped) {
+            if (prevTarget)
+                reinterpret_cast<void(__fastcall *)(const uint64_t *)>(
+                    Offsets::FUN_TARGET_BY_GUID)(&prevTarget);
+            else
+                Game::Lua::CallGlobal(L, "ClearTarget");
+        }
+        return handled;
     }
     if (Ascii::EqualCI(verb, "stop") || Ascii::EqualCI(verb, "stopcasting")) {
         Game::Lua::CallGlobal(L, "SpellStopCasting");
         return true;
     }
+    if (Ascii::EqualCI(verb, "action")) {
+        int slot;
+        if (!ReadModAttrInt(L, fi, prefix, "action", suffix, &slot)) return false;
+        CallGlobalNum1(L, "UseAction", slot);
+        return true;
+    }
+    if (Ascii::EqualCI(verb, "pet")) {
+        int index;
+        if (!ReadModAttrInt(L, fi, prefix, "action", suffix, &index)) return false;
+        CallGlobalNum1(L, "CastPetAction", index);
+        return true;
+    }
+    if (Ascii::EqualCI(verb, "click")) {
+        return ClickDelegate(L, fi, prefix, suffix, button);
+    }
     if (Ascii::EqualCI(verb, "menu") || Ascii::EqualCI(verb, "togglemenu")) {
+        // While a spell is on the cursor, cancel targeting instead of opening
+        // the menu (retail's SecureUnitButton behavior).
+        if (CallBoolGlobal(L, "SpellIsTargeting")) {
+            Game::Lua::CallGlobal(L, "SpellStopTargeting");
+            return true;
+        }
         if (!unit) return false;
         // The unit dropdown is pure FrameXML work (UnitPopup + ToggleDropDown),
         // so it lives in the !!!ClassicAPI addon; we just pop it at the cursor.
         Game::Lua::CallGlobalString(L, "ClassicAPI_ToggleUnitMenu", unit);
         return true;
     }
-    // Unknown verb → not handled here; the chained handler runs.
-    return false;
+    // Unknown verb → a custom action: a function stored as a raw field on the
+    // frame named by the verb (retail's escape hatch). If none exists it isn't
+    // handled here and the frame's own chained OnClick runs.
+    return CallCustomAction(L, fi, verb, unit, button);
 }
 
 // The chained OnClick handler. Upvalues: 1 = previous handler (or nil), 2 = the
@@ -714,7 +799,7 @@ int __fastcall OnClick_c(void *L) {
             const bool haveUnit =
                 ReadModAttr(L, fi, prefix, "unit", suffix, unit, sizeof unit);
             handled = DispatchVerb(L, fi, prefix, suffix, verb,
-                                   haveUnit ? unit : nullptr);
+                                   haveUnit ? unit : nullptr, btn);
         }
     }
     Game::Lua::SetTop(L, top);

src/frame/CreateFrame.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,259 @@
+// This file is part of ClassicAPI.
+//
+// ClassicAPI is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms
+// of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation, either
+// version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// ClassicAPI is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
+// WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
+// PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
+// ClassicAPI. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+// Multi-template `CreateFrame` support.
+//
+// Modern WoW (2.0+) allows a comma-separated template list in CreateFrame's
+// 4th argument:
+//
+//     CreateFrame("Button", nil, parent,
+//                 "UIPanelButtonTemplate, SecureActionButtonTemplate")
+//
+// Vanilla 1.12's `Script_CreateFrame` (0x007060B0) resolves the 4th arg as a
+// SINGLE template name — the whole comma string is one lookup, which fails.
+// 1.12 has no native multi-inheritance: the frame builder `FUN_006ee280`
+// applies exactly one `inherits` name.
+//
+// This hook adds real multi-inheritance by mirroring the engine's OWN inherit
+// mechanism. It:
+//   1. Splits the 4th arg on commas and trims each entry.
+//   2. Resolves each name in the XML template registry, keeping the resolvable
+//      ones in list order (typos / not-yet-loaded optional deps are skipped).
+//   3. Builds the frame through the original `Script_CreateFrame` using the
+//      FIRST resolved template — the engine does the object creation, that
+//      template's full inherit chain, ref/name setup, and OnLoad.
+//   4. Grafts each REMAINING resolved template onto the created frame with the
+//      two `__thiscall` calls the builder `FUN_006ee280` emits per inherited
+//      node (verified at 0x006ee4ca):
+//        content        : frameObj->vtable[+8](templateDefNode, status)        (FUN_00769820)
+//        child <Frames> : (frameObj+0x24)->vtable[+8](templateDefNode, status) (FUN_0076a060)
+//      Both recurse the grafted template's own `inherits`, add its regions /
+//      backdrop / attributes / script handlers, and create its child frames —
+//      exactly as if the frame had inherited it. Later templates override
+//      earlier ones, matching modern left-to-right inherit order.
+//
+// OnLoad runs once, during the engine build of the first template (step 3).
+// Secondary templates' `<OnLoad>` handlers are registered (they fire on the
+// next relevant event) but not re-run at creation, and the frame's OnLoad is
+// not re-fired. `status` is the engine's XML-build error accumulator, built
+// and reset exactly as `Script_CreateFrame` does.
+
+#include "Game.h"
+#include "Offsets.h"
+
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <cstring>
+
+namespace Frame::CreateFrame {
+
+namespace {
+
+using ScriptFn_t = int(__fastcall *)(void *L);
+using TemplateLookup_t = const uint8_t *(__fastcall *)(const char *name);
+
+// XML-node applier vmethod: applies `node` (and its `inherits` chain) to
+// `self`. __thiscall(self /*ecx*/, node, status). Reached at vtable byte
+// offset +8 on both the frame's main object (content applier, FUN_00769820)
+// and its child-<Frames> sub-object at frame+0x24 (FUN_0076a060).
+using ApplyNodeFn = void(__thiscall *)(void *self, const void *node, void *status);
+
+// Empties / re-initializes the XML-build status object. __thiscall(this).
+using StatusReset_t = void(__thiscall *)(void *self);
+
+// The original Script_CreateFrame function, populated by MinHook.
+ScriptFn_t g_origCreateFrame = nullptr;
+
+// ---- helpers ---------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// Returns the definition node if `name` resolves in the engine's XML template
+// registry, else nullptr.
+const uint8_t *LookupTemplate(const char *name) {
+    return reinterpret_cast<TemplateLookup_t>(
+        static_cast<uintptr_t>(Offsets::FUN_XML_TEMPLATE_LOOKUP))(name);
+}
+
+// Byte offset of the child-<Frames> applier sub-object within a frame object,
+// and the vtable slot of the "apply XML node" vmethod. Both read straight from
+// the builder FUN_006ee280's apply sequence at 0x006ee4ca:
+//   MOV EDX,[EDI]      CALL [EDX+0x20]                    ; top-level content
+//   MOV EAX,[EDI+0x24] LEA ECX,[EDI+0x24] CALL [EAX+0x8]  ; child <Frames>
+//   MOV EDX,[EDI]      CALL [EDX+0x24]                    ; finalize / OnLoad
+// The inherit-recursion inside FUN_00769820 / FUN_0076a060 uses vtable[+8] —
+// that is the applier we invoke to graft an extra template.
+constexpr int kChildApplierSubObj = 0x24;
+constexpr int kApplyNodeVtableSlot = 2;  // byte offset +8 / sizeof(void*)
+
+// The XML-build status object: the 5-dword error accumulator Script_CreateFrame
+// stack-builds ({vtable, 8, &self+8, (&self+8)|1, 0}). The appliers only ever
+// call its vtable[+0xc] (a __cdecl printf-style logger); building the engine's
+// real one absorbs any sub-node warning exactly as the engine does and is safe
+// against every slot.
+struct BuildStatus {
+    const void *vtable;
+    int         kind;
+    void       *head;
+    uintptr_t   tail;
+    int         count;
+};
+
+void InitStatus(BuildStatus *s) {
+    s->vtable = reinterpret_cast<const void *>(
+        static_cast<uintptr_t>(Offsets::PTR_TEXLOAD_DESC_VTBL));
+    s->kind = 8;
+    s->head = &s->head;
+    s->tail = reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(&s->head) | 1u;
+    s->count = 0;
+}
+
+void ResetStatus(BuildStatus *s) {
+    reinterpret_cast<StatusReset_t>(
+        static_cast<uintptr_t>(Offsets::FUN_FRAMESCRIPT_STATUS_RESET))(s);
+}
+
+// Grafts template definition `node` onto the already-created frame `frameObj`,
+// applying its content and its child <Frames> the same way the engine applies
+// an inherited node.
+void ApplyTemplateNode(void *frameObj, const void *node, void *status) {
+    void **vtbl = *reinterpret_cast<void ***>(frameObj);
+    reinterpret_cast<ApplyNodeFn>(vtbl[kApplyNodeVtableSlot])(frameObj, node, status);
+
+    void *childSub = reinterpret_cast<char *>(frameObj) + kChildApplierSubObj;
+    void **childVtbl = *reinterpret_cast<void ***>(childSub);
+    reinterpret_cast<ApplyNodeFn>(childVtbl[kApplyNodeVtableSlot])(childSub, node, status);
+}
+
+// Maximum templates in a single comma-separated list.
+constexpr int kMaxTemplates = 8;
+
+// Splits `input` on commas into `out[]`, writing NUL terminators into the
+// mutable buffer `buf`. Each entry is whitespace-trimmed. Returns the count.
+int SplitTemplates(char *buf, size_t bufLen, const char *input,
+                   const char *out[kMaxTemplates]) {
+    size_t len = std::strlen(input);
+    if (len >= bufLen) len = bufLen - 1;
+    std::memcpy(buf, input, len);
+    buf[len] = '\0';
+
+    int count = 0;
+    char *p = buf;
+    while (*p && count < kMaxTemplates) {
+        while (*p == ' ' || *p == '\t') ++p;
+        if (*p == '\0') break;
+
+        char *start = p;
+        while (*p && *p != ',') ++p;
+
+        // Note whether we stopped on a comma BEFORE writing the terminator:
+        // when there is no trailing whitespace, `end` lands on the comma
+        // itself, so `*end = '\0'` would clobber it and the advance below
+        // would then miss it — dropping every entry after the first.
+        const bool atComma = (*p == ',');
+
+        char *end = p;
+        while (end > start && (*(end - 1) == ' ' || *(end - 1) == '\t'))
+            --end;
+        *end = '\0';
+
+        if (*start != '\0')
+            out[count++] = start;
+
+        if (atComma) ++p;
+    }
+    return count;
+}
+
+// ---- the hook --------------------------------------------------------------
+
+int __fastcall CreateFrame_h(void *L) {
+    // No 4th arg or not a string → pass through.
+    if (Game::Lua::GetTop(L) < 4 || !Game::Lua::IsString(L, 4))
+        return g_origCreateFrame(L);
+
+    const char *inherits = Game::Lua::ToString(L, 4);
+    if (inherits == nullptr || *inherits == '\0')
+        return g_origCreateFrame(L);
+
+    // Fast path: no comma → single template, engine handles it natively.
+    if (std::strchr(inherits, ',') == nullptr)
+        return g_origCreateFrame(L);
+
+    // ---- comma-delimited: split, resolve, combine --------------------------
+
+    char buf[1024];
+    const char *names[kMaxTemplates];
+    const int count = SplitTemplates(buf, sizeof buf, inherits, names);
+    if (count == 0)
+        return g_origCreateFrame(L);
+
+    // Resolve each token; keep the resolvable definition nodes in list order.
+    const char *resolvedNames[kMaxTemplates];
+    const void *resolvedNodes[kMaxTemplates];
+    int resolved = 0;
+    for (int i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
+        const uint8_t *node = LookupTemplate(names[i]);
+        if (node != nullptr) {
+            resolvedNames[resolved] = names[i];
+            resolvedNodes[resolved] = node;
+            ++resolved;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // 0 or 1 resolvable: nothing to combine. Hand the engine a single name —
+    // the first resolved one, or (if none resolved) the first token so the
+    // engine emits its normal "couldn't find inherited node" error rather than
+    // silently building a template-less frame.
+    if (resolved <= 1) {
+        Game::Lua::SetTop(L, 3);
+        Game::Lua::PushString(L, resolved == 1 ? resolvedNames[0] : names[0]);
+        return g_origCreateFrame(L);
+    }
+
+    // Build with the first resolved template through the engine (object
+    // creation + its full inherit chain + ref/name setup + OnLoad).
+    Game::Lua::SetTop(L, 3);
+    Game::Lua::PushString(L, resolvedNames[0]);
+    const int rc = g_origCreateFrame(L);
+    if (rc != 1)
+        return rc;  // creation failed (e.g. unknown frame type) — leave as-is.
+
+    // Recover the created frame object (top of stack) and graft the remaining
+    // templates onto it with the engine's own inherit primitive. Snapshot the
+    // stack the engine left (frame at `savedTop`) and restore it afterward, so
+    // anything a grafted template's appliers touch on the Lua stack (a child
+    // frame's OnLoad, `$parent` name resolution) can't shift the return value
+    // the caller reads back — the Tooltip::SetEvents save/restore discipline,
+    // which matters in this hook-saturated environment.
+    const int savedTop = Game::Lua::GetTop(L);
+    void *frameObj = Game::Lua::ResolveObject(L, savedTop);
+    if (frameObj != nullptr) {
+        BuildStatus status;
+        InitStatus(&status);
+        for (int i = 1; i < resolved; ++i)
+            ApplyTemplateNode(frameObj, resolvedNodes[i], &status);
+        ResetStatus(&status);
+        Game::Lua::SetTop(L, savedTop);
+    }
+
+    return rc;
+}
+
+// ---- registration ----------------------------------------------------------
+
+const Game::HookAutoRegister _createFrameHook{
+    Offsets::FUN_SCRIPT_CREATEFRAME,
+    reinterpret_cast<void *>(&CreateFrame_h),
+    reinterpret_cast<void **>(&g_origCreateFrame)};
+
+} // namespace
+
+} // namespace Frame::CreateFrame

src/frame/Modern.cpp

@@ -131,8 +131,7 @@ int __fastcall Script_IsMouseOver(void *L) {
         Game::Lua::PushBool(L, false);
         return 1;
     }
-    const float effScale = *reinterpret_cast<const float *>(
-        reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(obj) + Offsets::OFF_REGION_EFFECTIVE_SCALE);
+    const float effScale = Game::Read<float>(obj, Offsets::OFF_REGION_EFFECTIVE_SCALE);
 
     double left, right, top, bottom;
     if (effScale == 0.0f ||
@@ -193,13 +192,10 @@ int __fastcall Script_GetRect(void *L) {
 // there, so it reports false, as it should.
 int __fastcall Script_IsDragging(void *L) {
     void *self = Game::Lua::ResolveObject(L, 1);
-    void *ctx = *reinterpret_cast<void *const *>(
-        static_cast<uintptr_t>(Offsets::VAR_UI_CONTEXT_PTR));
+    void *ctx = Game::Read<void *>(static_cast<uintptr_t>(Offsets::VAR_UI_CONTEXT_PTR));
     void *dragTarget =
         ctx != nullptr
-            ? *reinterpret_cast<void *const *>(
-                  reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(ctx) +
-                  Offsets::OFF_UI_CONTEXT_DRAG_TARGET)
+            ? Game::Read<void *>(ctx, Offsets::OFF_UI_CONTEXT_DRAG_TARGET)
             : nullptr;
     Game::Lua::PushBool(L, self != nullptr && self == dragTarget);
     return 1;
@@ -348,9 +344,9 @@ int __fastcall Script_HookScript(void *L) {
 using SStrCmpI_t = int(__stdcall *)(const char *a, const char *b, int n);
 
 bool FrameHasEvent(void *frame, const char *eventName) {
-    const uint32_t count = *reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t *>(
+    const uint32_t count = Game::Read<uint32_t>(
         static_cast<uintptr_t>(Offsets::VAR_EVENT_TABLE_COUNT));
-    auto *base = *reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *const *>(
+    auto *base = Game::Read<const uint8_t *>(
         static_cast<uintptr_t>(Offsets::VAR_EVENT_TABLE_BASE_PTR));
     if (count == 0 || base == nullptr)
         return false;
@@ -360,21 +356,19 @@ bool FrameHasEvent(void *frame, const char *eventName) {
 
     for (uint32_t i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
         const uint8_t *entry = base + i * Offsets::EVENT_ENTRY_STRIDE;
-        const char *name = *reinterpret_cast<const char *const *>(
-            entry + Offsets::OFF_EVENT_ENTRY_NAME);
+        const char *name = Game::Read<const char *>(
+            entry, Offsets::OFF_EVENT_ENTRY_NAME);
         if (name == nullptr)
             continue;
         if (sstrcmpi(name, eventName, 0x7FFFFFFF) != 0)
             continue;
         // Names are unique, so this is the one entry — walk its chain.
-        uintptr_t node = *reinterpret_cast<const uintptr_t *>(
-            entry + Offsets::OFF_EVENT_ENTRY_HEAD);
+        uintptr_t node = Game::Read<uintptr_t>(
+            entry, Offsets::OFF_EVENT_ENTRY_HEAD);
         while ((node & 1) == 0 && node != 0) {
-            if (*reinterpret_cast<void *const *>(
-                    node + Offsets::OFF_EVENT_NODE_FRAME) == frame)
+            if (Game::Read<void *>(node + Offsets::OFF_EVENT_NODE_FRAME) == frame)
                 return true;
-            node = *reinterpret_cast<const uintptr_t *>(
-                node + Offsets::OFF_EVENT_NODE_NEXT);
+            node = Game::Read<uintptr_t>(node + Offsets::OFF_EVENT_NODE_NEXT);
         }
         return false;
     }

src/frame/MouseFoci.cpp

@@ -54,8 +54,7 @@ int CallScript(uintptr_t fn, void *L) {
 
 // The UI context is a pointer stored at VAR_UI_CONTEXT_PTR (null pre-world).
 void *UIContext() {
-    return *reinterpret_cast<void *const *>(
-        static_cast<uintptr_t>(Offsets::VAR_UI_CONTEXT_PTR));
+    return Game::Read<void *>(static_cast<uintptr_t>(Offsets::VAR_UI_CONTEXT_PTR));
 }
 
 // Strata name -> draw rank, low (behind) to high (on top). Unknown -> 0.
@@ -110,8 +109,7 @@ Cursor ReadCursor(void *L) {
 
 // With `self` at Lua idx 1, is the cursor within the frame's rect?
 bool CursorOverSelf(void *L, void *obj, const Cursor &cur) {
-    const float effScale = *reinterpret_cast<const float *>(
-        reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(obj) + Offsets::OFF_REGION_EFFECTIVE_SCALE);
+    const float effScale = Game::Read<float>(obj, Offsets::OFF_REGION_EFFECTIVE_SCALE);
     if (effScale == 0.0f)
         return false; // unpositioned region — no rect
     double left, right, top, bottom;
@@ -141,19 +139,16 @@ int __fastcall Script_GetMouseFoci(void *L) {
 
     // The engine's authoritative topmost focus — the frame GetMouseFocus
     // returns. Forced to index 1 below.
-    void *focus = *reinterpret_cast<void *const *>(
-        reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(ctx) + Offsets::OFF_UI_CONTEXT_MOUSE_FOCUS);
+    void *focus = Game::Read<void *>(ctx, Offsets::OFF_UI_CONTEXT_MOUSE_FOCUS);
 
     const Cursor cur = ReadCursor(L);
 
     std::vector<Hit> hits;
-    void *node = *reinterpret_cast<void *const *>(
-        reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(ctx) + Offsets::OFF_UI_CONTEXT_FRAME_LIST_HEAD);
+    void *node = Game::Read<void *>(ctx, Offsets::OFF_UI_CONTEXT_FRAME_LIST_HEAD);
     while (node != nullptr && (reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(node) & 1) == 0) {
         // Read the next link before any Lua work (the walk is engine-list
         // based, independent of the Lua stack, but this keeps it obvious).
-        void *next = *reinterpret_cast<void *const *>(
-            reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(node) + Offsets::OFF_FRAME_ENUM_NEXT);
+        void *next = Game::Read<void *>(node, Offsets::OFF_FRAME_ENUM_NEXT);
 
         Game::Lua::SetTop(L, 0);
         UI::FrameObject::Push(L, node); // (self)
@@ -164,8 +159,7 @@ int __fastcall Script_GetMouseFoci(void *L) {
             Game::Lua::SetTop(L, 1);
             CallScript(Offsets::FUN_SCRIPT_FRAME_GET_STRATA, L); // (self, strata)
             const int rank = StrataRank(Game::Lua::ToString(L, 2));
-            const int level = *reinterpret_cast<const int *>(
-                reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(node) + Offsets::OFF_FRAME_LEVEL);
+            const int level = Game::Read<int>(node, Offsets::OFF_FRAME_LEVEL);
             hits.push_back(Hit{node, rank, level});
         }
 

src/frame/ScriptArgs.cpp

@@ -25,13 +25,28 @@
 // So `function(self, delta)` gets nothing today.
 //
 // We co-hook both runners and REPLACE their pcall tail: keep setting the same
-// globals (so vanilla handlers reading `this`/`arg1` keep working — this is
-// purely additive; Lua silently drops the extra positional args a zero-param
-// handler doesn't declare), but push `self` + `arg1..argN` as real arguments
-// and `pcall` with `nargs = 1 + N`. The reimplementation mirrors the engine's
-// message-handler errfunc, but saves the clobbered globals on the Lua stack
-// (not registry refs like the engine) so an out-of-memory longjmp mid-push
-// unwinds them for free — no leaked refs, no per-call ref churn. See RunModern.
+// globals (so handlers reading `this`/`arg1` keep working), but push `self` +
+// `arg1..argN` as real arguments and `pcall` with `nargs = 1 + N`. The
+// reimplementation mirrors the engine's message-handler errfunc, but saves the
+// clobbered globals on the Lua stack (not registry refs like the engine) so an
+// out-of-memory longjmp mid-push unwinds them for free — no leaked refs, no
+// per-call ref churn. See RunModern.
+//
+// The reimplemented path is taken ONLY for a handler that actually declares a
+// parameter or is vararg (checked via its Proto — see HandlerWantsArgs). A
+// handler that declares NO parameters can't observe positional args, so pushing
+// them is a no-op — those route through the original engine runner unchanged:
+// provably identical to vanilla, and OFF the engine's hottest Lua path (the vast
+// majority of vanilla handlers, which read `this`/`arg1`, are param-less). So a
+// param-less vanilla handler is untouched; only a param-declaring handler sees
+// the `(self, [event,] arg1..argN)` shape.
+//
+// Irreducible caveat: a param-declaring handler and a modern handler are
+// indistinguishable to the dispatcher — both are one-param Lua functions. So a
+// vanilla handler that declares a parameter expecting it to be nil (e.g. a
+// function reused as both a direct call and a handler) WILL now receive a real
+// value. There is no signal to tell the two apart; such a handler must opt out
+// per-session via `SetModernScriptArgs(false)`.
 //
 // Convention: `(self, arg1..argN)` for every script, plus `event` inserted as
 // the first positional for OnEvent — `(self, event, arg1..argN)` — matching
@@ -41,10 +56,12 @@
 // SetScript creates a distinct ref, so a function bound to two scripts still
 // differs per slot — so no fragile "are we mid event-dispatch" flag is needed.
 //
-// Runtime switch, default OFF (opt-in): `SetModernScriptArgs(true)` enables it,
-// `GetModernScriptArgs()` reads the state. While disabled both detours are a
-// straight passthrough to the original runner (zero reimplementation risk).
-// Opt-in because this lands on the hottest Lua path in the engine
+// Runtime switch, default ON — modern handler signatures are a core 5.1
+// feature, so ports that write `function(self, delta)` work out of the box.
+// `SetModernScriptArgs(false)` disables it, `GetModernScriptArgs()` reads the
+// state. While disabled both detours are a straight passthrough to the original
+// runner (exact vanilla behavior, zero reimplementation risk) — the OFF escape
+// valve, since this lands on the hottest Lua path in the engine
 // (FUN_FRAME_RUN_SCRIPT_ARGS fires for every OnUpdate frame).
 
 #include "Game.h"
@@ -56,9 +73,10 @@ namespace Frame::ScriptArgs {
 
 namespace {
 
-// Runtime switch. Default OFF (opt-in). When false, both detours tail-call the
-// original runner unchanged (exact vanilla behavior, no reimplementation risk).
-bool g_enabled = false;
+// Runtime switch. Default ON (core 5.1 behavior). When false, both detours
+// tail-call the original runner unchanged (exact vanilla behavior, no
+// reimplementation risk) — the OFF escape valve for this hot path.
+bool g_enabled = true;
 
 // Engine cap: the runner stops setting arg globals at index 19 (arg1..arg19).
 constexpr int kMaxArgs = 19;
@@ -77,11 +95,10 @@ const auto RawGetI = reinterpret_cast<RawGetI_t>(Offsets::LUA_RAWGETI);
 // Returns the frame's Lua object ref (frame+0x08), lazily creating it exactly
 // as the engine runner does (`if (refcount == 0) ScriptRegister(frame, 0)`).
 int EnsureLuaRef(void *frame) {
-    auto *f = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(frame);
-    if (*reinterpret_cast<int *>(f + Offsets::OFF_COBJECT_LUA_REFCOUNT) == 0)
+    if (Game::Read<int>(frame, Offsets::OFF_COBJECT_LUA_REFCOUNT) == 0)
         reinterpret_cast<ScriptRegister_t>(
             Offsets::FUN_FRAMESCRIPT_OBJECT_SCRIPT_REGISTER)(frame, nullptr);
-    return *reinterpret_cast<int *>(f + Offsets::OFF_COBJECT_LUA_REF);
+    return Game::Read<int>(frame, Offsets::OFF_COBJECT_LUA_REF);
 }
 
 // Writes "arg" + k (k in 1..19) into buf; buf must hold at least 6 bytes.
@@ -193,9 +210,7 @@ bool RunModern(int handlerRef, void *frame, const char *fmt, const void *vaPtr)
     // as the first positional to mirror retail's (self, event, arg1..argN).
     const bool isOnEvent =
         haveThis &&
-        *reinterpret_cast<const int *>(reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(frame) +
-                                       Offsets::OFF_FRAME_ONEVENT_SLOT) ==
-            handlerRef;
+        Game::Read<int>(frame, Offsets::OFF_FRAME_ONEVENT_SLOT) == handlerRef;
     const int selfRef = haveThis ? EnsureLuaRef(frame) : 0;
 
     Arg args[kMaxArgs];
@@ -230,7 +245,7 @@ bool RunModern(int handlerRef, void *frame, const char *fmt, const void *vaPtr)
 
     // --- call handler(self, [event,] arg1..argN) ---------------------------
     const int callBase = GetTop(L); // == base + saved-block size
-    const int errRef = *reinterpret_cast<const int *>(
+    const int errRef = Game::Read<int>(
         static_cast<uintptr_t>(Offsets::VAR_FRAMESCRIPT_ERROR_HANDLER_REF));
     int errIdx = 0;
     if (errRef > 0) {
@@ -266,6 +281,55 @@ bool RunModern(int handlerRef, void *frame, const char *fmt, const void *vaPtr)
     return true;
 }
 
+// Lua 5.0 internal offsets for reading a handler's arity — verified against the
+// engine's own luaD_precall (0x006F6050) / lua_dump (0x006F4370) /
+// lua_iscfunction (0x006F34A0):
+//   lua_State: top @ +0x08 (TValue *, next free slot)
+//   TValue:    tag @ +0x00 (int); GC/closure pointer @ +0x08  (16-byte TValue)
+//   Closure:   isC byte @ +0x06; union member (C func / Proto) @ +0x0C
+//   Proto:     numparams (u8) @ +0x45, is_vararg (u8) @ +0x46
+// Single-use here, so kept local (like the lua_State field offsets elsewhere).
+constexpr uintptr_t OFF_LUASTATE_TOP = 0x08;
+constexpr uintptr_t OFF_TVALUE_GC = 0x08;
+constexpr uintptr_t OFF_CLOSURE_ISC = 0x06;
+constexpr uintptr_t OFF_LCLOSURE_PROTO = 0x0C;
+constexpr uintptr_t OFF_PROTO_NUMPARAMS = 0x45;
+constexpr uintptr_t OFF_PROTO_IS_VARARG = 0x46;
+constexpr int kLuaTFunction = 6;
+constexpr uintptr_t kTValueSize = 0x10;
+
+// Does this handler actually observe positional args? A vanilla handler reads
+// this/arg1 globals and declares NO parameters, so pushing positional args to
+// it is observably identical to vanilla — those route through the original
+// engine runner instead (exact vanilla, and off the hottest Lua path). Only a
+// Lua closure that declares a parameter or is vararg — a modern
+// `function(self, delta)` / `function(self, ...)` — takes the reimplemented
+// positional path. A C-closure handler (HookScript's thunk, say) reads
+// globals/upvalues, never positional args, so it counts as "no" too.
+//
+// Reads the handler's Proto directly (the engine exposes no arity via the C
+// API); every read is bounded — a non-function ref, a C closure, or a null
+// Proto all fall through to "no".
+bool HandlerWantsArgs(void *L, int handlerRef) {
+    RawGetI(L, Game::Lua::REGISTRY_INDEX, handlerRef); // push registry[handlerRef]
+    bool wants = false;
+    const void *tv = reinterpret_cast<const void *>(
+        Game::Read<uintptr_t>(L, OFF_LUASTATE_TOP) - kTValueSize);
+    if (Game::Read<int>(tv, 0) == kLuaTFunction) {
+        const void *cl =
+            reinterpret_cast<const void *>(Game::Read<uintptr_t>(tv, OFF_TVALUE_GC));
+        if (cl != nullptr && Game::Read<uint8_t>(cl, OFF_CLOSURE_ISC) == 0) { // Lua closure
+            const void *proto = reinterpret_cast<const void *>(
+                Game::Read<uintptr_t>(cl, OFF_LCLOSURE_PROTO));
+            if (proto != nullptr)
+                wants = Game::Read<uint8_t>(proto, OFF_PROTO_NUMPARAMS) > 0 ||
+                        Game::Read<uint8_t>(proto, OFF_PROTO_IS_VARARG) != 0;
+        }
+    }
+    Game::Lua::SetTop(L, -2); // pop the handler
+    return wants;
+}
+
 // --- FUN_FRAME_RUN_SCRIPT_ARGS co-hook (scripts with values) ----------------
 using RunArgs_t = void(__cdecl *)(int handlerRef, void *frame, const char *fmt,
                                   const void *vaPtr);
@@ -273,9 +337,12 @@ RunArgs_t g_origRunArgs = nullptr;
 
 void __cdecl RunArgs_h(int handlerRef, void *frame, const char *fmt,
                        const void *vaPtr) {
-    if (g_enabled && handlerRef != 0 && fmt != nullptr &&
-        RunModern(handlerRef, frame, fmt, vaPtr))
-        return;
+    if (g_enabled && handlerRef != 0 && fmt != nullptr) {
+        void *L = Game::Lua::State();
+        if (L != nullptr && HandlerWantsArgs(L, handlerRef) &&
+            RunModern(handlerRef, frame, fmt, vaPtr))
+            return;
+    }
     g_origRunArgs(handlerRef, frame, fmt, vaPtr);
 }
 
@@ -286,9 +353,12 @@ using Invoke_t = void(__fastcall *)(int handlerRef, void *frame);
 Invoke_t g_origInvoke = nullptr;
 
 void __fastcall Invoke_h(int handlerRef, void *frame) {
-    if (g_enabled && handlerRef != 0 && frame != nullptr &&
-        RunModern(handlerRef, frame, /*fmt*/ nullptr, /*vaPtr*/ nullptr))
-        return;
+    if (g_enabled && handlerRef != 0 && frame != nullptr) {
+        void *L = Game::Lua::State();
+        if (L != nullptr && HandlerWantsArgs(L, handlerRef) &&
+            RunModern(handlerRef, frame, /*fmt*/ nullptr, /*vaPtr*/ nullptr))
+            return;
+    }
     g_origInvoke(handlerRef, frame);
 }
 

src/friendlist/Notes.cpp

@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 
 #include "Notes.h"
 
+#include "Game.h"
 #include "Offsets.h"
 
 #include <cstdint>
@@ -41,14 +42,14 @@ std::string g_path;
 bool g_loaded = false;
 
 const char *ReadAccountName() {
-    return *reinterpret_cast<const char *const *>(Offsets::VAR_ACCOUNT_NAME_PTR);
+    return Game::Read<const char *>(Offsets::VAR_ACCOUNT_NAME_PTR);
 }
 
 const char *ReadRealmName() {
-    auto *info = *reinterpret_cast<uint8_t **>(Offsets::VAR_REALM_INFO_PTR);
+    auto *info = Game::Read<uint8_t *>(Offsets::VAR_REALM_INFO_PTR);
     if (info == nullptr)
         return nullptr;
-    return *reinterpret_cast<const char *const *>(info + Offsets::OFF_REALM_INFO_NAME);
+    return Game::Read<const char *>(info, Offsets::OFF_REALM_INFO_NAME);
 }
 
 const char *ReadCharacterName() {

src/friendlist/WhoInfo.cpp

@@ -34,8 +34,7 @@ namespace FriendList::WhoInfo {
 namespace {
 
 int WhoResultCount() {
-    return *reinterpret_cast<const int *>(
-        static_cast<uintptr_t>(Offsets::VAR_WHO_RESULT_COUNT));
+    return Game::Read<int>(Offsets::VAR_WHO_RESULT_COUNT);
 }
 
 // `C_FriendList.GetNumWhoResults()` → `numWhos, totalCount`. The first is the
@@ -44,7 +43,7 @@ int WhoResultCount() {
 // global's two returns.
 int __fastcall Script_GetNumWhoResults(void *L) {
     const int displayed = WhoResultCount();
-    const int total = *reinterpret_cast<const int *>(
+    const int total = Game::Read<int>(
         static_cast<uintptr_t>(Offsets::VAR_WHO_RESULT_COUNT) + 4);
     Game::Lua::PushNumber(L, static_cast<double>(displayed));
     Game::Lua::PushNumber(L, static_cast<double>(total));
@@ -67,15 +66,15 @@ int __fastcall Script_GetWhoInfo(void *L) {
         static_cast<uintptr_t>(Offsets::VAR_WHO_RESULTS) +
         static_cast<size_t>(index - 1) * Offsets::WHO_RESULT_STRIDE);
 
-    const char *name = reinterpret_cast<const char *>(entry + Offsets::OFF_WHO_NAME);
-    const char *guild = reinterpret_cast<const char *>(entry + Offsets::OFF_WHO_GUILD);
-    const int level = *reinterpret_cast<const int *>(entry + Offsets::OFF_WHO_LEVEL);
+    const char *name = Game::Ptr<const char>(entry, Offsets::OFF_WHO_NAME);
+    const char *guild = Game::Ptr<const char>(entry, Offsets::OFF_WHO_GUILD);
+    const int level = Game::Read<int>(entry, Offsets::OFF_WHO_LEVEL);
     const uint32_t raceID =
-        *reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t *>(entry + Offsets::OFF_WHO_RACE);
+        Game::Read<uint32_t>(entry, Offsets::OFF_WHO_RACE);
     const uint32_t classID =
-        *reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t *>(entry + Offsets::OFF_WHO_CLASS);
+        Game::Read<uint32_t>(entry, Offsets::OFF_WHO_CLASS);
     const uint32_t zoneID =
-        *reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t *>(entry + Offsets::OFF_WHO_ZONE);
+        Game::Read<uint32_t>(entry, Offsets::OFF_WHO_ZONE);
 
     Game::Lua::NewTable(L);
     Game::Lua::SetFieldString(L, "fullName", name);       // inline; "" if empty

src/gameobject/Info.cpp

@@ -72,10 +72,10 @@ int __fastcall Script_GetGameObjectInfoByID(void *L) {
     if (rec == nullptr)
         return 0; // not cached -> nil
 
-    const uint32_t type = *reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t *>(rec + Offsets::OFF_GAMEOBJECT_TYPE);
+    const uint32_t type = Game::Read<uint32_t>(rec, Offsets::OFF_GAMEOBJECT_TYPE);
     const uint32_t displayID =
-        *reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t *>(rec + Offsets::OFF_GAMEOBJECT_DISPLAYID);
-    const char *name = *reinterpret_cast<const char *const *>(rec + Offsets::OFF_GAMEOBJECT_NAME);
+        Game::Read<uint32_t>(rec, Offsets::OFF_GAMEOBJECT_DISPLAYID);
+    const char *name = Game::Read<const char *>(rec, Offsets::OFF_GAMEOBJECT_NAME);
 
     Game::Lua::NewTable(L);
     Game::Lua::SetFieldNumber(L, "gameObjectID", goID);

src/gameobject/Tooltip.cpp

@@ -63,10 +63,10 @@ static int __fastcall Script_GameTooltipGetGameObject(void *L) {
         return 0;
 
     const auto *base = static_cast<const uint8_t *>(tooltipObj);
-    const uint32_t guidLo = *reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t *>(
-        base + Offsets::OFF_TOOLTIP_GAMEOBJECT_GUID_LO);
-    const uint32_t guidHi = *reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t *>(
-        base + Offsets::OFF_TOOLTIP_GAMEOBJECT_GUID_HI);
+    const uint32_t guidLo =
+        Game::Read<uint32_t>(base, Offsets::OFF_TOOLTIP_GAMEOBJECT_GUID_LO);
+    const uint32_t guidHi =
+        Game::Read<uint32_t>(base, Offsets::OFF_TOOLTIP_GAMEOBJECT_GUID_HI);
     if (guidLo == 0 && guidHi == 0)
         return 0;
 
@@ -111,10 +111,10 @@ static int __fastcall Script_GameTooltipHasGameObject(void *L) {
         return 1;
     }
     const auto *base = static_cast<const uint8_t *>(tooltipObj);
-    const uint32_t guidLo = *reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t *>(
-        base + Offsets::OFF_TOOLTIP_GAMEOBJECT_GUID_LO);
-    const uint32_t guidHi = *reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t *>(
-        base + Offsets::OFF_TOOLTIP_GAMEOBJECT_GUID_HI);
+    const uint32_t guidLo =
+        Game::Read<uint32_t>(base, Offsets::OFF_TOOLTIP_GAMEOBJECT_GUID_LO);
+    const uint32_t guidHi =
+        Game::Read<uint32_t>(base, Offsets::OFF_TOOLTIP_GAMEOBJECT_GUID_HI);
     Game::Lua::PushBool(L, guidLo != 0 || guidHi != 0);
     return 1;
 }

src/group/MemberStats.cpp

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 
 #include "group/MemberStats.h"
 
+#include "Game.h"
 #include "Offsets.h"
 
 namespace Group::MemberStats {
@@ -23,7 +24,7 @@ namespace {
 using Lookup_t = const uint8_t *(__fastcall *)(uint64_t *guid);
 
 uint16_t U16(const uint8_t *p, int off) {
-    return *reinterpret_cast<const uint16_t *>(p + off);
+    return Game::Read<uint16_t>(p, off);
 }
 
 } // namespace
@@ -67,13 +68,13 @@ Stats Lookup(uint64_t guid) {
         s.level = U16(e, Offsets::OFF_RAID_SLOT_LEVEL);
         s.areaId = U16(e, Offsets::OFF_RAID_SLOT_AREA_ID);
         const uint32_t flags =
-            *reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t *>(e + Offsets::OFF_RAID_SLOT_FLAGS);
+            Game::Read<uint32_t>(e, Offsets::OFF_RAID_SLOT_FLAGS);
         s.online = (flags & Offsets::RAID_SLOT_FLAG_ONLINE) != 0;
         s.dead = (flags & Offsets::RAID_SLOT_FLAG_DEAD) != 0;
-        s.subgroup = static_cast<int>(*reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t *>(
-                         e + Offsets::OFF_RAID_SLOT_SUBGROUP)) + 1;
+        s.subgroup = static_cast<int>(Game::Read<uint32_t>(
+                         e, Offsets::OFF_RAID_SLOT_SUBGROUP)) + 1;
         s.rank = static_cast<int>(
-            *reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t *>(e + Offsets::OFF_RAID_SLOT_RANK));
+            Game::Read<uint32_t>(e, Offsets::OFF_RAID_SLOT_RANK));
         return s;
     }
 
@@ -93,8 +94,8 @@ const uint16_t *AuraArray(uint64_t guid) {
         if ((e[Offsets::OFF_GROUP_MEMBER_STATUS_FLAGS] &
              Offsets::GROUP_MEMBER_STATUS_ONLINE) == 0)
             return nullptr;
-        return reinterpret_cast<const uint16_t *>(
-            e + Offsets::OFF_GROUP_MEMBER_STATS_AURAS);
+        return Game::Ptr<const uint16_t>(
+            e, Offsets::OFF_GROUP_MEMBER_STATS_AURAS);
     }
 
     // Raid slot — auras at +0x64, no online gate (mirrors the engine's raid
@@ -102,8 +103,8 @@ const uint16_t *AuraArray(uint64_t guid) {
     auto slotFn = reinterpret_cast<Lookup_t>(
         static_cast<uintptr_t>(Offsets::FUN_GROUP_MEMBER_SLOT_LOOKUP));
     if (const uint8_t *e = slotFn(&guid)) {
-        return reinterpret_cast<const uint16_t *>(
-            e + Offsets::OFF_RAID_SLOT_AURAS);
+        return Game::Ptr<const uint16_t>(
+            e, Offsets::OFF_RAID_SLOT_AURAS);
     }
 
     return nullptr;

src/guid/CreatureInfo.cpp

@@ -46,12 +46,9 @@ int __fastcall Script_GetCreatureID(void *L) {
         Game::Lua::PushNil(L);
         return 1;
     }
-    const Type type = Classify(guid);
-    if (type != Type::Creature && type != Type::Pet) {
-        Game::Lua::PushNil(L);
-        return 1;
-    }
-    const uint32_t entryID = static_cast<uint32_t>((guid >> 24) & 0xFFFFFFu);
+    // `Guid::CreatureEntry` handles the creature/pet type gate + the bits-24-47
+    // extraction, and returns 0 for players, non-creature types, and entry 0.
+    const uint32_t entryID = CreatureEntry(guid);
     if (entryID == 0) {
         Game::Lua::PushNil(L);
         return 1;

src/guid/Guid.cpp

@@ -51,6 +51,13 @@ const char *FormatAsString(uint64_t guid, char *buf, std::size_t cap) {
     return buf;
 }
 
+uint32_t CreatureEntry(uint64_t guid) {
+    const Type type = Classify(guid);
+    if (type != Type::Creature && type != Type::Pet)
+        return 0;
+    return static_cast<uint32_t>((guid >> 24) & 0xFFFFFFu);
+}
+
 Type Classify(uint64_t guid) {
     if (guid == 0)
         return Type::Unknown;

src/guid/Guid.h

@@ -76,6 +76,14 @@ inline bool IsGameObject(uint64_t guid)    { return Classify(guid) == Type::Game
 inline bool IsDynamicObject(uint64_t guid) { return Classify(guid) == Type::DynamicObject; }
 inline bool IsCorpse(uint64_t guid)        { return Classify(guid) == Type::Corpse; }
 
+// The creature-template / NPC entry ID packed into a creature or pet GUID
+// (bits 24-47). Vanilla puts the per-spawn counter in the low 24 bits and the
+// template entry above it. Returns 0 for any other GUID type (players,
+// gameobjects, items, the 0 sentinel) and when the field itself is 0 — the
+// engine never assigns entry 0, so 0 uniformly means "no creature template".
+// Shared by `C_CreatureInfo.GetCreatureID` and `UnitCreatureID`.
+uint32_t CreatureEntry(uint64_t guid);
+
 // Minimum buffer size for `FormatAsString`'s output — 16 hex digits +
 // the `"0x"` prefix + a NUL terminator.
 constexpr std::size_t STRING_SIZE = 19;

src/item/AverageLevel.cpp

@@ -138,8 +138,8 @@ ItemInfo ReadItemInfo(const uint8_t *cgItem) {
         Item::Data::WarmCache(static_cast<uint32_t>(itemID));
         return {0, 0};
     }
-    return {*reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t *>(record + Offsets::OFF_ITEMSTATS_ITEM_LEVEL),
-            *reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t *>(record + Offsets::OFF_ITEMSTATS_INVENTORY_TYPE)};
+    return {Game::Read<uint32_t>(record, Offsets::OFF_ITEMSTATS_ITEM_LEVEL),
+            Game::Read<uint32_t>(record, Offsets::OFF_ITEMSTATS_INVENTORY_TYPE)};
 }
 
 // Bank-walk helpers — bypass the bank-window gate on `GetItemBySlot`
@@ -184,8 +184,8 @@ void WalkGuidArrayRange(const uint8_t *invMgr, int firstSlot, int lastSlot,
                         std::vector<Candidate> &candidates) {
     if (invMgr == nullptr)
         return;
-    auto *guidArray = *reinterpret_cast<const uint64_t *const *>(
-        invMgr + Offsets::OFF_INVMGR_GUID_ARRAY);
+    auto *guidArray = Game::Read<const uint64_t *>(
+        invMgr, Offsets::OFF_INVMGR_GUID_ARRAY);
     if (guidArray == nullptr)
         return;
     for (int slot = firstSlot; slot <= lastSlot; ++slot) {
@@ -203,8 +203,8 @@ void WalkBankBags(std::vector<Candidate> &candidates) {
     auto *playerInvMgr = Unit::Identity::PlayerInventoryManager();
     if (playerInvMgr == nullptr)
         return;
-    auto *playerGuidArray = *reinterpret_cast<const uint64_t *const *>(
-        playerInvMgr + Offsets::OFF_INVMGR_GUID_ARRAY);
+    auto *playerGuidArray = Game::Read<const uint64_t *>(
+        playerInvMgr, Offsets::OFF_INVMGR_GUID_ARRAY);
     if (playerGuidArray == nullptr)
         return;
     for (int slot = Offsets::INVMGR_BANK_BAG_FIRST_SLOT;

src/item/Cursor.cpp

@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ constexpr int OFF_CONTAINER_GUID_LO = 0x08;
 constexpr int OFF_CONTAINER_GUID_HI = 0x0C;
 
 bool ItemLocked(const uint8_t *item) {
-    return (*reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t *>(item + Offsets::OFF_ITEM_CLIENT_LOCK) & 1) != 0;
+    return (Game::Read<uint32_t>(item, Offsets::OFF_ITEM_CLIENT_LOCK) & 1) != 0;
 }
 
 // Reads a CGItem's 64-bit instance GUID into lo/hi. False if the instance
@@ -48,8 +48,8 @@ bool ReadItemGuid(const uint8_t *item, uint32_t *lo, uint32_t *hi) {
     auto *instance = Item::InstanceBlock(item);
     if (instance == nullptr)
         return false;
-    *lo = *reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t *>(instance + Offsets::OFF_INSTANCE_BLOCK_GUID);
-    *hi = *reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t *>(instance + Offsets::OFF_INSTANCE_BLOCK_GUID + 4);
+    *lo = Game::Read<uint32_t>(instance, Offsets::OFF_INSTANCE_BLOCK_GUID);
+    *hi = Game::Read<uint32_t>(instance, Offsets::OFF_INSTANCE_BLOCK_GUID + 4);
     return true;
 }
 

src/item/Data.cpp

@@ -17,8 +17,11 @@
 #include "item/Arg.h"
 #include "item/CGItem.h"
 #include "item/Data.h"
+#include "item/ID.h"
 #include "item/Location.h"
 #include "tick/WorldTick.h"
+#include "time/Clock.h"
+#include "unit/Identity.h"
 
 #include <cstdint>
 
@@ -64,21 +67,10 @@ static void FireItemDataLoadResult(int itemID, bool success) {
                                  itemID, success);
 }
 
-// Engine callback for **implicit** cache fills (transparent warmup
-// triggered by our `Script_GetItemInfo` hook or `SetItemByID`). Fires
-// only the broad `GET_ITEM_INFO_RECEIVED` event — `ITEM_DATA_LOAD_RESULT`
-// is reserved for explicit `RequestLoadItemData(ByID)` paths to match
-// modern API semantics.
-//
-// Calling convention is __stdcall, 2 args / 8 bytes — matching the
+// Item-load callbacks are __stdcall, 2 args / 8 bytes — matching the
 // callback at 0x004FDC30 (used by 4 sites in the binary) which ends in
-// `ret 8`. If the engine called us with a different convention, that
-// callback would crash the engine, so stdcall is verified by induction.
-static void __stdcall ItemLoadCallback_Implicit(void *userData, int success) {
-    const auto itemID = static_cast<int>(reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(userData));
-    FireGetItemInfoReceived(itemID, success != 0);
-}
-
+// `ret 8`. If the engine called us with a different convention it would
+// crash, so stdcall is verified by induction.
 using ItemLoadCallback_t = void(__stdcall *)(void *userData, int success);
 
 // Calls DBCache_ItemStats_C_GetRecord. With `callback=nullptr`,
@@ -123,8 +115,8 @@ static int ResolveLocationToItemID(void *L, int idx) {
     auto *instance = Item::InstanceBlock(item);
     if (instance == nullptr)
         return 0;
-    return static_cast<int>(*reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t *>(
-        instance + Offsets::OFF_INSTANCE_BLOCK_ITEM_ID));
+    return static_cast<int>(Game::Read<uint32_t>(
+        instance, Offsets::OFF_INSTANCE_BLOCK_ITEM_ID));
 }
 
 static int __fastcall Script_IsItemDataCachedByID(void *L) {
@@ -184,17 +176,64 @@ struct Pending {
 
 constexpr int kMaxPending = 512;
 constexpr int kMaxWaitTicks = 1200;
-// World ticks after which we assume the engine's startup
+// Wall-clock delay past world-live before we assume the engine's startup
 // network/opcode-dispatch state has settled and eager queries are safe.
-// Also latched the moment the engine's own response handler fires (a
-// response proves dispatch is live) — see `ItemStatsCacheResponse_h`.
+// Anchored to VAR_IN_WORLD (set to 1 by the enter-world initializer
+// FUN_004908C0, cleared on every transition — the same flag
+// bag/UpdateDelayed trusts), NOT a raw frame count: a fixed tick count is
+// FPS-dependent, so it could fire before dispatch was ready on a fast
+// machine (orphan risk — see the block comment above) yet leave bag icons
+// as "?" far longer than intended on a slow login. World-live alone is
+// still PLAYER_ENTERING_WORLD's first frame — inside the orphan window —
+// so we wait this long past it. Also latched the instant the engine's own
+// item-response handler fires (a response proves dispatch is live, so a
+// warm WDB settles with no delay) — see `ItemStatsCacheResponse_h`.
 // One-way latch; see the relog note in `WarmCache`.
-constexpr int kSettleTicks = 60;
+constexpr uint32_t kSettleMs = 1000;
+
+// Minimum spacing between outgoing *background* SMSG_ITEM_QUERY_SINGLE
+// requests. A single /reload can make addons (pfQuest / Questie / Bagnon)
+// look up hundreds of items in one frame. Unthrottled, every cache miss
+// fired its own packet at once: a reported burst of 1,325 requests in
+// ~14 ms exhausted a consumer router's NAT table and dropped the
+// machine's internet connectivity (issue #25). 50 ms caps the sustained
+// background rate at 20 requests / second. OnWorldTick is the single
+// point that issues queries, so this one floor governs the bulk path.
+constexpr uint32_t kMinRequestSpacingMs = 50;
+
+// Priority tier. The player's carried items (equipment + backpack +
+// equipped bags) are what the bag / paperdoll UI shows immediately on
+// login; behind the background floor they showed as "unknown" for a
+// second or two while a bulk addon scan drained ahead of them. These
+// are issued on a separate, more generous budget so they resolve fast.
+// The set is bounded (~120 items), so a small per-tick cap keeps them
+// near-instant without re-introducing a burst: worst case is
+// kOwnedPerTick + 1 packets per frame (~7), far below the flood that
+// broke connectivity.
+constexpr int kOwnedPerTick = 6;
+constexpr int kMaxOwned = 256;
+constexpr uint32_t kOwnedRefreshMs = 1000; // carried set changes slowly
 
 static Pending g_pending[kMaxPending];
 static int g_pendingCount = 0;
 static bool g_settled = false;
-static int g_worldTicks = 0;
+// Tick timestamp when we first saw the world go live (VAR_IN_WORLD == 1);
+// 0 = not yet. Anchors the kSettleMs delay. Only meaningful until the
+// one-way g_settled latch flips, so it is never reset.
+static uint32_t g_inWorldSinceMs = 0;
+static uint32_t g_lastRequestMs = 0;
+
+// Snapshot of the itemIDs the player currently carries. Rebuilt by a
+// pure-C inventory walk (no Lua stack — safe at world-tick time) at most
+// once per kOwnedRefreshMs, and only while there is queued work.
+static uint32_t g_owned[kMaxOwned];
+static int g_ownedCount = 0;
+static uint32_t g_ownedBuiltMs = 0;
+static bool g_ownedEverBuilt = false;
+// One-shot latch: have we proactively seeded the queue with the player's
+// carried items this enter-world session? Re-armed per in-game init (login
+// or /reload) in RegisterLuaFunctions.
+static bool g_ownedPrefetched = false;
 
 static int FindPending(uint32_t itemID) {
     for (int i = 0; i < g_pendingCount; ++i) {
@@ -335,69 +374,206 @@ static const Game::HookAutoRegister _hookCacheResponse{
     reinterpret_cast<void *>(&ItemStatsCacheResponse_h),
     reinterpret_cast<void **>(&ItemStatsCacheResponse_o)};
 
-// Escalation + timeout. The hook covers the happy path (engine fills
-// cache → we fire). This tick is only responsible for:
+// --- Owned-item priority set --------------------------------------------
+//
+// Determines which pending items are the player's carried inventory so
+// OnWorldTick can issue them ahead of background bulk lookups. The walk
+// reads the engine's GUID arrays directly (no Lua stack, no GetItemBySlot
+// bank gate) — the same pure-C pattern `item/Count` uses — so it is safe
+// to run at world-tick time.
+
+static void AddOwned(uint32_t itemID) {
+    if (itemID == 0)
+        return;
+    for (int i = 0; i < g_ownedCount; ++i)
+        if (g_owned[i] == itemID)
+            return; // dedup — stacks / duplicates collapse to one entry
+    if (g_ownedCount < kMaxOwned)
+        g_owned[g_ownedCount++] = itemID;
+}
+
+// Collects itemIDs from linear slots [first, last] of an inventory
+// manager's GUID array (invMgr+OFF_INVMGR_GUID_ARRAY). Empty slots hold a
+// zero GUID and are skipped.
+static void CollectOwnedFrom(const uint8_t *invMgr, int first, int last) {
+    if (invMgr == nullptr)
+        return;
+    auto *guids = Game::Read<const uint64_t *>(
+        invMgr, Offsets::OFF_INVMGR_GUID_ARRAY);
+    if (guids == nullptr)
+        return;
+    for (int slot = first; slot <= last; ++slot) {
+        const uint8_t *item = Item::Location::ResolveByGUID(guids[slot]);
+        if (item != nullptr)
+            AddOwned(static_cast<uint32_t>(Item::ID::FromCGItem(item)));
+    }
+}
+
+static void RebuildOwned() {
+    g_ownedCount = 0;
+    auto *invMgr = Unit::Identity::PlayerInventoryManager();
+    if (invMgr != nullptr) {
+        // Player invMgr linear slots 0..38: equipment + bag-slot items +
+        // backpack (bank starts at INVMGR_BANK_MAIN_FIRST_SLOT = 39).
+        CollectOwnedFrom(invMgr, 0,
+                         Offsets::BACKPACK_LINEAR_BASE + Offsets::BACKPACK_NUM_SLOTS - 1);
+        // Contents of each equipped bag (its own invMgr, slot count at +0).
+        for (int bagID = 1; bagID <= 4; ++bagID) {
+            auto *bagInv =
+                static_cast<const uint8_t *>(Item::Location::EquippedBagInventory(bagID));
+            if (bagInv == nullptr)
+                continue;
+            const int count = static_cast<int>(
+                Game::Read<uint32_t>(bagInv, Offsets::OFF_INVMGR_SLOT_COUNT));
+            if (count > 0)
+                CollectOwnedFrom(bagInv, 0, count - 1);
+        }
+    }
+    g_ownedEverBuilt = true;
+}
+
+static bool IsOwned(uint32_t itemID) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < g_ownedCount; ++i)
+        if (g_owned[i] == itemID)
+            return true;
+    return false;
+}
+
+// Escalation + timeout — and the ONE place any item query is issued, so
+// the rate limiter here governs every path into the cache. This tick is
+// responsible for:
 //   1. Latching the startup gate via a tick-count fallback, in case no
 //      engine response arrives early enough to latch it first.
-//   2. Issuing a query for items the engine doesn't naturally prefetch
-//      (e.g. quest rewards) — but only once `g_settled`, so we don't
-//      race the engine's startup-time state machine. The engine sends
-//      the SMSG, the response handler hook fires the event when the
-//      response lands.
+//   2. Issuing queries — for items the engine doesn't naturally prefetch
+//      (quest rewards) AND for every `WarmCache` miss — but only once
+//      `g_settled` (don't race the engine's startup state machine). The
+//      player's carried items go out first, up to `kOwnedPerTick` per
+//      tick; everything else is background, one per `kMinRequestSpacingMs`
+//      (don't flood the network; issue #25). The engine sends the SMSG;
+//      the response handler hook fires the event when the response lands.
 //   3. Firing failure immediately for items the server rejected (the
 //      escalation callback marked them `failed`), and as a last resort
-//      giving up after `kMaxWaitTicks` for items that never resolve at
-//      all (lost query, server silent) — fire failure.
+//      giving up after `kMaxWaitTicks` for items whose query was already
+//      sent but never resolved (lost query, server silent).
 static void OnWorldTick() {
-    if (!g_settled && ++g_worldTicks >= kSettleTicks)
-        g_settled = true;
+    const uint32_t now = Time::Clock::NowMs();
+
+    // Settle the startup gate a fixed wall-clock delay past world-live —
+    // or leave it to ItemStatsCacheResponse_h to latch the instant a real
+    // item response arrives, whichever comes first. See kSettleMs.
+    if (!g_settled) {
+        const bool inWorld = *reinterpret_cast<const volatile uint8_t *>(
+                                 static_cast<uintptr_t>(Offsets::VAR_IN_WORLD)) != 0;
+        if (inWorld && g_inWorldSinceMs == 0)
+            g_inWorldSinceMs = now;
+        if (g_inWorldSinceMs != 0 &&
+            Time::Clock::Elapsed(g_inWorldSinceMs, now) >= kSettleMs)
+            g_settled = true;
+    }
+
+    // Proactive local-inventory prefetch (once per enter-world session).
+    // The engine does NOT query bag item stats on enter-world or bag draw:
+    // GetContainerItemInfo and the icon getter both do a null-callback
+    // (pure lookup) _GetRecord, and an uncached bag item resolves
+    // displayInfoID = 0, which the icon path draws as INV_Misc_QuestionMark
+    // ("?"). (Equipped items are exempt — their icon comes from the
+    // server-pushed visible-items table.) So on a cold WDB the player's
+    // carried items stay "?" until something else queries them — a hover, a
+    // loot, or an addon's GetItemInfo. Seed the queue with every carried
+    // item so they issue on the owned priority lane ahead of any addon's
+    // background flood, giving complete carried-item coverage regardless of
+    // addon behavior. Bounded (<= kMaxOwned) and issued under the same owned
+    // budget as everything else, so it adds no burst (issue #25). Deferred
+    // to post-settle like every other query, so it can't orphan an entry
+    // before the engine's network/opcode dispatch is ready. Gate on a live
+    // inventory manager so a too-early settle retries next tick instead of
+    // latching on an empty walk.
+    if (g_settled && !g_ownedPrefetched &&
+        Unit::Identity::PlayerInventoryManager() != nullptr) {
+        RebuildOwned();
+        g_ownedBuiltMs = now;
+        for (int i = 0; i < g_ownedCount; ++i)
+            Track(g_owned[i], /*implicit=*/true);
+        g_ownedPrefetched = true;
+    }
+
+    // Refresh the carried-item set while there is queued work, at most
+    // once per kOwnedRefreshMs — the set changes slowly and the walk is
+    // pointer-chasing, not free.
+    if (g_settled && g_pendingCount > 0 &&
+        (!g_ownedEverBuilt || Time::Clock::Elapsed(g_ownedBuiltMs, now) >= kOwnedRefreshMs)) {
+        RebuildOwned();
+        g_ownedBuiltMs = now;
+    }
+
+    // Two independent issue budgets this tick:
+    //   - owned (carried) items: up to kOwnedPerTick, no spacing floor —
+    //     bounded and player-visible, so they resolve fast.
+    //   - background items: one, and only once the spacing floor elapsed.
+    // World ticks fire once per frame (~10-16 ms), so the background floor
+    // is wall-clock, not a tick count, to bound its rate regardless of FPS.
+    int ownedBudget = g_settled ? kOwnedPerTick : 0;
+    bool bgAvailable =
+        g_settled && Time::Clock::Elapsed(g_lastRequestMs, now) >= kMinRequestSpacingMs;
+
     for (int i = 0; i < g_pendingCount;) {
-        if (!g_pending[i].requestIssued && g_settled) {
-            CacheFetch(g_pending[i].itemID, &ItemLoadCallback_Escalated);
-            g_pending[i].requestIssued = true;
+        if (g_settled && !g_pending[i].requestIssued) {
+            const bool owned = IsOwned(g_pending[i].itemID);
+            bool issue = false;
+            if (owned && ownedBudget > 0) {
+                issue = true;
+                --ownedBudget;
+            } else if (!owned && bgAvailable) {
+                issue = true;
+                bgAvailable = false;
+                g_lastRequestMs = now;
+            }
+            if (issue) {
+                CacheFetch(g_pending[i].itemID, &ItemLoadCallback_Escalated);
+                g_pending[i].requestIssued = true;
+            }
         }
-        // A server rejection (marked by the escalation callback) resolves
-        // the item as failure without waiting out the timeout.
+        // A fill (engine response) or a server rejection (escalation
+        // callback set `failed`) resolves the item either way.
         if (TryCompletePending(i))
             continue;
-        if (g_pending[i].ticksWaiting >= kMaxWaitTicks) {
-            const uint32_t itemID = g_pending[i].itemID;
-            const bool implicit = g_pending[i].implicit;
-            RemovePendingAt(i);
-            FireByTag(itemID, false, implicit);
-            continue;
+        // Only time out items whose query is actually in flight. Counting
+        // from track-time would fire spurious failures for items still
+        // waiting their turn behind the rate limiter.
+        if (g_pending[i].requestIssued) {
+            if (g_pending[i].ticksWaiting >= kMaxWaitTicks) {
+                const uint32_t itemID = g_pending[i].itemID;
+                const bool implicit = g_pending[i].implicit;
+                RemovePendingAt(i);
+                FireByTag(itemID, false, implicit);
+                continue;
+            }
+            ++g_pending[i].ticksWaiting;
         }
-        ++g_pending[i].ticksWaiting;
         ++i;
     }
 }
 
 static const Tick::WorldTick::AutoSubscribe _tickSub{&OnWorldTick};
 
-// Public C++ API — see Item/Data.h. Implicit (transparent) warmup
-// path used by the `Script_GetItemInfo` hook and `SetItemByID`. Fires
-// the cache request only if the item isn't already cached; uses the
-// implicit callback which fires only `GET_ITEM_INFO_RECEIVED` (not
-// `ITEM_DATA_LOAD_RESULT`), matching modern semantics for ambient
-// cache fills.
+// Public C++ API — see Item/Data.h. Implicit (transparent) warmup path
+// used by the `Script_GetItemInfo` hook and `SetItemByID`. Routes every
+// call through the pending queue so OnWorldTick's single rate-limited
+// issue point governs all outgoing item queries (issue #25). `Track`
+// resolves an already-cached item for free (a pure lookup, no SMSG) and
+// queues only a genuine miss; the response-handler sweep then fires
+// `GET_ITEM_INFO_RECEIVED` (implicit), never `ITEM_DATA_LOAD_RESULT`.
 void WarmCache(uint32_t itemID) {
-    // Post-settle (steady state): query immediately for lowest latency.
-    // The engine invokes our implicit callback when the data lands.
-    if (g_settled) {
-        CacheFetch(itemID, &ItemLoadCallback_Implicit);
-        return;
-    }
-    // Startup window: do NOT eagerly create the cache entry — that
-    // orphans it (the engine's prefetch skips already-existing entries,
-    // and our SMSG goes into a hole while dispatch isn't ready), leaving
-    // the item permanently nil for the session. This is the exact race
-    // that broke pfQuest/Questie scanning at PLAYER_ENTERING_WORLD. Defer
-    // through the pending set instead; OnWorldTick issues the query once
-    // settled and the response-handler sweep fires GET_ITEM_INFO_RECEIVED.
-    //
-    // NOTE: g_settled is a one-way latch per process. The race this
-    // guards is the initial-login cold-WDB window. On relog the WDB is
-    // already warm so cold-fetch pressure is minimal; we don't re-arm it.
+    // Do NOT issue the query here. Two reasons converge on the queue:
+    //   - Network: a post-settle immediate CacheFetch let a reload-time
+    //     lookup burst fire one SMSG per item in a single frame and flood
+    //     the network (issue #25). The queue's rate limiter prevents it.
+    //   - Startup race: eagerly creating the cache entry before the engine
+    //     settles orphans it — the engine's prefetch skips already-existing
+    //     entries and our SMSG goes into a hole while dispatch isn't ready,
+    //     leaving the item permanently nil. This broke pfQuest/Questie
+    //     scanning at PLAYER_ENTERING_WORLD. OnWorldTick issues only once
+    //     `g_settled`, so deferring here fixes that too.
     Track(itemID, /*implicit=*/true);
 }
 
@@ -442,6 +618,12 @@ static int __fastcall Script_RequestLoadItemData(void *L) {
 }
 
 static void RegisterLuaFunctions() {
+    // Re-arm the proactive carried-item prefetch for this enter-world
+    // session. Fires on login and /reload (this callback runs per in-game
+    // Lua init). g_settled is deliberately NOT reset — it is a one-way
+    // process latch (see WarmCache); on a /reload the cache is warm, so the
+    // re-run resolves as cache hits and does nothing.
+    g_ownedPrefetched = false;
     Game::Lua::RegisterTableFunction("C_Item", "IsItemDataCachedByID",
                                      &Script_IsItemDataCachedByID);
     Game::Lua::RegisterTableFunction("C_Item", "IsItemDataCached", &Script_IsItemDataCached);

src/item/EnchantInfo.cpp

@@ -83,8 +83,8 @@ int __fastcall Script_C_Item_GetEnchantInfo(void *L) {
     // Localized display name (8-slot locale array at +0x34). Clamp the
     // locale index to the array bounds — index 8 would read the locale
     // mask column that follows. enUS (0) fallback for empty slots.
-    auto names = reinterpret_cast<const char *const *>(rec + Offsets::OFF_SPELLITEMENCHANT_NAME);
-    int locale = *reinterpret_cast<const int *>(Offsets::VAR_LOCALE_INDEX);
+    auto names = Game::Ptr<const char *const>(rec, Offsets::OFF_SPELLITEMENCHANT_NAME);
+    int locale = Game::Read<int>(Offsets::VAR_LOCALE_INDEX);
     if (locale < 0 || locale >= kNumNameLocales)
         locale = 0;
     const char *name = names[locale];
@@ -93,9 +93,9 @@ int __fastcall Script_C_Item_GetEnchantInfo(void *L) {
     if (name == nullptr || name[0] == '\0')
         return 0; // unnamed record -> nil
 
-    auto type = reinterpret_cast<const int32_t *>(rec + Offsets::OFF_SPELLITEMENCHANT_TYPE);
-    auto amount = reinterpret_cast<const int32_t *>(rec + Offsets::OFF_SPELLITEMENCHANT_AMOUNT);
-    auto arg = reinterpret_cast<const int32_t *>(rec + Offsets::OFF_SPELLITEMENCHANT_ARG);
+    auto type = Game::Ptr<const int32_t>(rec, Offsets::OFF_SPELLITEMENCHANT_TYPE);
+    auto amount = Game::Ptr<const int32_t>(rec, Offsets::OFF_SPELLITEMENCHANT_AMOUNT);
+    auto arg = Game::Ptr<const int32_t>(rec, Offsets::OFF_SPELLITEMENCHANT_ARG);
 
     Game::Lua::NewTable(L);
     Game::Lua::SetFieldNumber(L, "enchantID", enchantID);

src/item/GetData.cpp

@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ namespace Item::GetData {
 namespace {
 
 int CurrentLocaleIndex() {
-    return *reinterpret_cast<int *>(Offsets::VAR_LOCALE_INDEX);
+    return Game::Read<int>(Offsets::VAR_LOCALE_INDEX);
 }
 
 // Mirrors the lookup in `Item::Info`. ItemClass.dbc record `+0x0C` is
@@ -53,10 +53,10 @@ const char *LookupClassName(uint32_t classID) {
 // ItemSubClass.dbc walker — same fallback chain as Script_GetItemInfo
 // (verbose name first, short name on miss).
 const char *LookupSubClassName(uint32_t classID, uint32_t subClassID) {
-    const int count = *reinterpret_cast<int *>(Offsets::VAR_ITEMSUBCLASS_COUNT);
+    const int count = Game::Read<int>(Offsets::VAR_ITEMSUBCLASS_COUNT);
     if (count <= 0)
         return "";
-    auto *records = *reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *const *>(Offsets::VAR_ITEMSUBCLASS_RECORDS);
+    auto *records = Game::Read<const uint8_t *>(Offsets::VAR_ITEMSUBCLASS_RECORDS);
     if (records == nullptr)
         return "";
     const int locale = CurrentLocaleIndex();
@@ -66,12 +66,12 @@ const char *LookupSubClassName(uint32_t classID, uint32_t subClassID) {
             continue;
         if (*reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t *>(record + 0x04) != subClassID)
             continue;
-        const char *verbose = *reinterpret_cast<const char *const *>(
-            record + Offsets::OFF_ITEMSUBCLASS_DISPLAY_NAME + locale * 4);
+        const char *verbose = Game::Read<const char *>(
+            record, Offsets::OFF_ITEMSUBCLASS_DISPLAY_NAME + locale * 4);
         if (verbose != nullptr && verbose[0] != '\0')
             return verbose;
-        const char *shortName = *reinterpret_cast<const char *const *>(
-            record + Offsets::OFF_ITEMSUBCLASS_NAME + locale * 4);
+        const char *shortName = Game::Read<const char *>(
+            record, Offsets::OFF_ITEMSUBCLASS_NAME + locale * 4);
         return (shortName != nullptr && shortName[0] != '\0') ? shortName : "";
     }
     return "";
@@ -172,10 +172,10 @@ void SetF32Array(void *L, const uint8_t *record, const char *key,
 void SetStatsMap(void *L, const uint8_t *record) {
     Game::Lua::PushString(L, "stats");
     Game::Lua::NewTable(L);
-    auto *types = reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t *>(
-        record + Offsets::OFF_ITEMSTATS_STAT_TYPE);
-    auto *values = reinterpret_cast<const int32_t *>(
-        record + Offsets::OFF_ITEMSTATS_STAT_VALUE);
+    auto *types = Game::Ptr<const uint32_t>(
+        record, Offsets::OFF_ITEMSTATS_STAT_TYPE);
+    auto *values = Game::Ptr<const int32_t>(
+        record, Offsets::OFF_ITEMSTATS_STAT_VALUE);
     for (int i = 0; i < Offsets::ITEMSTATS_STAT_SLOT_COUNT; ++i) {
         if (types[i] == 0 && values[i] == 0)
             continue;
@@ -193,18 +193,18 @@ void SetStatsMap(void *L, const uint8_t *record) {
 void SetSpellsArray(void *L, const uint8_t *record) {
     Game::Lua::PushString(L, "spells");
     Game::Lua::NewTable(L);
-    auto *ids = reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t *>(
-        record + Offsets::OFF_ITEMSTATS_SPELL_ID);
-    auto *triggers = reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t *>(
-        record + Offsets::OFF_ITEMSTATS_SPELL_TRIGGER);
-    auto *charges = reinterpret_cast<const int32_t *>(
-        record + Offsets::OFF_ITEMSTATS_SPELL_CHARGES);
-    auto *cooldowns = reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t *>(
-        record + Offsets::OFF_ITEMSTATS_SPELL_COOLDOWN);
-    auto *categories = reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t *>(
-        record + Offsets::OFF_ITEMSTATS_SPELL_CATEGORY);
-    auto *catCooldowns = reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t *>(
-        record + Offsets::OFF_ITEMSTATS_SPELL_CATEGORY_CD);
+    auto *ids = Game::Ptr<const uint32_t>(
+        record, Offsets::OFF_ITEMSTATS_SPELL_ID);
+    auto *triggers = Game::Ptr<const uint32_t>(
+        record, Offsets::OFF_ITEMSTATS_SPELL_TRIGGER);
+    auto *charges = Game::Ptr<const int32_t>(
+        record, Offsets::OFF_ITEMSTATS_SPELL_CHARGES);
+    auto *cooldowns = Game::Ptr<const uint32_t>(
+        record, Offsets::OFF_ITEMSTATS_SPELL_COOLDOWN);
+    auto *categories = Game::Ptr<const uint32_t>(
+        record, Offsets::OFF_ITEMSTATS_SPELL_CATEGORY);
+    auto *catCooldowns = Game::Ptr<const uint32_t>(
+        record, Offsets::OFF_ITEMSTATS_SPELL_CATEGORY_CD);
     int written = 0;
     for (int i = 0; i < Offsets::ITEMSTATS_SPELL_SLOT_COUNT; ++i) {
         if (ids[i] == 0)
@@ -234,38 +234,38 @@ void PushItemDataTable(void *L, uint32_t itemID, const uint8_t *record) {
     Game::Lua::SetFieldNumber(L, "itemID", static_cast<double>(itemID));
 
     // Identity strings
-    const char *name = *reinterpret_cast<const char *const *>(
-        record + Offsets::OFF_ITEMSTATS_NAME);
+    const char *name = Game::Read<const char *>(
+        record, Offsets::OFF_ITEMSTATS_NAME);
     Game::Lua::SetFieldString(L, "name", name);
-    const char *description = *reinterpret_cast<const char *const *>(
-        record + Offsets::OFF_ITEMSTATS_DESCRIPTION);
+    const char *description = Game::Read<const char *>(
+        record, Offsets::OFF_ITEMSTATS_DESCRIPTION);
     if (description != nullptr && description[0] != '\0')
         Game::Lua::SetFieldString(L, "description", description);
 
     // Display
-    const uint32_t displayInfoID = *reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t *>(
-        record + Offsets::OFF_ITEMSTATS_DISPLAY_INFO_ID);
+    const uint32_t displayInfoID = Game::Read<uint32_t>(
+        record, Offsets::OFF_ITEMSTATS_DISPLAY_INFO_ID);
     Game::Lua::SetFieldNumber(L, "displayInfoID", static_cast<double>(displayInfoID));
     char iconPath[260];
     if (BuildIconPath(displayInfoID, iconPath, sizeof(iconPath)))
         Game::Lua::SetFieldString(L, "icon", iconPath);
 
     // Quality / classification
-    const uint32_t quality = *reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t *>(
-        record + Offsets::OFF_ITEMSTATS_QUALITY);
+    const uint32_t quality = Game::Read<uint32_t>(
+        record, Offsets::OFF_ITEMSTATS_QUALITY);
     Game::Lua::SetFieldNumber(L, "quality", static_cast<double>(quality));
 
-    const uint32_t classID = *reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t *>(
-        record + Offsets::OFF_ITEMSTATS_CLASS);
-    const uint32_t subClassID = *reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t *>(
-        record + Offsets::OFF_ITEMSTATS_SUBCLASS);
+    const uint32_t classID = Game::Read<uint32_t>(
+        record, Offsets::OFF_ITEMSTATS_CLASS);
+    const uint32_t subClassID = Game::Read<uint32_t>(
+        record, Offsets::OFF_ITEMSTATS_SUBCLASS);
     Game::Lua::SetFieldNumber(L, "classID", static_cast<double>(classID));
     Game::Lua::SetFieldNumber(L, "subclassID", static_cast<double>(subClassID));
     Game::Lua::SetFieldString(L, "className", LookupClassName(classID));
     Game::Lua::SetFieldString(L, "subclassName", LookupSubClassName(classID, subClassID));
 
-    const uint32_t invType = *reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t *>(
-        record + Offsets::OFF_ITEMSTATS_INVENTORY_TYPE);
+    const uint32_t invType = Game::Read<uint32_t>(
+        record, Offsets::OFF_ITEMSTATS_INVENTORY_TYPE);
     Game::Lua::SetFieldNumber(L, "inventoryType", static_cast<double>(invType));
     Game::Lua::SetFieldString(L, "equipLoc", LookupInvType(invType));
 
@@ -273,8 +273,8 @@ void PushItemDataTable(void *L, uint32_t itemID, const uint8_t *record) {
     SetU32(L, record, "bindType", Offsets::OFF_ITEMSTATS_BONDING);
 
     // Flags: raw + decoded bits.
-    const uint32_t flags = *reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t *>(
-        record + Offsets::OFF_ITEMSTATS_FLAGS);
+    const uint32_t flags = Game::Read<uint32_t>(
+        record, Offsets::OFF_ITEMSTATS_FLAGS);
     Game::Lua::SetFieldNumber(L, "flags", static_cast<double>(flags));
     Game::Lua::SetFieldBool(L, "isConjured",
                             (flags & Offsets::ITEM_FLAG_CONJURED) != 0);
@@ -289,8 +289,8 @@ void PushItemDataTable(void *L, uint32_t itemID, const uint8_t *record) {
     SetI32(L, record, "maxStackSize", Offsets::OFF_ITEMSTATS_STACKABLE);
     SetI32(L, record, "maxCount", Offsets::OFF_ITEMSTATS_MAX_COUNT);
     SetU32(L, record, "containerSlots", Offsets::OFF_ITEMSTATS_CONTAINER_SLOTS);
-    const uint32_t rawBagFamily = *reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t *>(
-        record + Offsets::OFF_ITEMSTATS_BAG_FAMILY);
+    const uint32_t rawBagFamily = Game::Read<uint32_t>(
+        record, Offsets::OFF_ITEMSTATS_BAG_FAMILY);
     Game::Lua::SetFieldNumber(L, "bagFamily",
                               static_cast<double>(BagFamilyIdToBitmask(rawBagFamily)));
 

src/item/Info.cpp

@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ namespace Item::Info {
 
 static const char *PushedOrEmpty(const char *s) { return (s != nullptr && s[0] != 0) ? s : ""; }
 
-static int CurrentLocaleIndex() { return *reinterpret_cast<int *>(Offsets::VAR_LOCALE_INDEX); }
+static int CurrentLocaleIndex() { return Game::Read<int>(Offsets::VAR_LOCALE_INDEX); }
 
 static const char *LookupItemClassName(uint32_t classID) {
     return PushedOrEmpty(DBC::LocalizedField(
@@ -39,10 +39,10 @@ static const char *LookupItemClassName(uint32_t classID) {
 }
 
 static const char *LookupItemSubClassName(uint32_t classID, uint32_t subClassID) {
-    const int count = *reinterpret_cast<int *>(Offsets::VAR_ITEMSUBCLASS_COUNT);
+    const int count = Game::Read<int>(Offsets::VAR_ITEMSUBCLASS_COUNT);
     if (count <= 0)
         return "";
-    auto *records = *reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *const *>(Offsets::VAR_ITEMSUBCLASS_RECORDS);
+    auto *records = Game::Read<const uint8_t *>(Offsets::VAR_ITEMSUBCLASS_RECORDS);
     if (records == nullptr)
         return "";
     const int locale = CurrentLocaleIndex();
@@ -54,12 +54,12 @@ static const char *LookupItemSubClassName(uint32_t classID, uint32_t subClassID)
             continue;
         // Mirror Script_GetItemInfo's fallback chain at 0x48E311..0x48E32C:
         // try the verbose name first, fall back to the short name.
-        const char *verbose = *reinterpret_cast<const char *const *>(
-            record + Offsets::OFF_ITEMSUBCLASS_DISPLAY_NAME + locale * 4);
+        const char *verbose = Game::Read<const char *>(
+            record, Offsets::OFF_ITEMSUBCLASS_DISPLAY_NAME + locale * 4);
         if (verbose != nullptr && verbose[0] != 0)
             return verbose;
-        const char *shortName = *reinterpret_cast<const char *const *>(
-            record + Offsets::OFF_ITEMSUBCLASS_NAME + locale * 4);
+        const char *shortName = Game::Read<const char *>(
+            record, Offsets::OFF_ITEMSUBCLASS_NAME + locale * 4);
         return PushedOrEmpty(shortName);
     }
     return "";
@@ -112,13 +112,13 @@ static int __fastcall Script_GetItemInfoInstant(void *L) {
     }
 
     const uint32_t classID =
-        *reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t *>(record + Offsets::OFF_ITEMSTATS_CLASS);
+        Game::Read<uint32_t>(record, Offsets::OFF_ITEMSTATS_CLASS);
     const uint32_t subClassID =
-        *reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t *>(record + Offsets::OFF_ITEMSTATS_SUBCLASS);
+        Game::Read<uint32_t>(record, Offsets::OFF_ITEMSTATS_SUBCLASS);
     const uint32_t displayInfoID =
-        *reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t *>(record + Offsets::OFF_ITEMSTATS_DISPLAY_INFO_ID);
+        Game::Read<uint32_t>(record, Offsets::OFF_ITEMSTATS_DISPLAY_INFO_ID);
     const uint32_t invType =
-        *reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t *>(record + Offsets::OFF_ITEMSTATS_INVENTORY_TYPE);
+        Game::Read<uint32_t>(record, Offsets::OFF_ITEMSTATS_INVENTORY_TYPE);
 
     char iconPath[260];
     if (!BuildIconPath(displayInfoID, iconPath, sizeof(iconPath)))
@@ -143,8 +143,8 @@ static int PushIconForItemID(void *L, int itemID) {
     const uint8_t *record = Item::PeekRecord(static_cast<uint32_t>(itemID));
     if (record == nullptr)
         return 0;
-    const uint32_t displayInfoID = *reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t *>(
-        record + Offsets::OFF_ITEMSTATS_DISPLAY_INFO_ID);
+    const uint32_t displayInfoID = Game::Read<uint32_t>(
+        record, Offsets::OFF_ITEMSTATS_DISPLAY_INFO_ID);
     char iconPath[260];
     if (!BuildIconPath(displayInfoID, iconPath, sizeof(iconPath)))
         return 0;
@@ -274,10 +274,10 @@ static int __fastcall Script_C_Item_GetItemInfo(void *L) {
     const uint32_t sellPrice = u32(Offsets::OFF_ITEMSTATS_SELL_PRICE);
     const uint32_t bindType = u32(Offsets::OFF_ITEMSTATS_BONDING);
     const uint32_t setID = u32(Offsets::OFF_ITEMSTATS_ITEM_SET);
-    const char *name = *reinterpret_cast<const char *const *>(
-        record + Offsets::OFF_ITEMSTATS_NAME);
-    const char *description = *reinterpret_cast<const char *const *>(
-        record + Offsets::OFF_ITEMSTATS_DESCRIPTION);
+    const char *name = Game::Read<const char *>(
+        record, Offsets::OFF_ITEMSTATS_NAME);
+    const char *description = Game::Read<const char *>(
+        record, Offsets::OFF_ITEMSTATS_DESCRIPTION);
 
     // Apply the link's random suffix ("... of the Owl") to both the name and
     // the reconstructed link when the input carried one (arg.suffix); with no

src/item/Lock.cpp

@@ -58,8 +58,8 @@ bool ReadItemGuid(const uint8_t *item, uint32_t *lo, uint32_t *hi) {
     auto *inst = Item::InstanceBlock(item);
     if (inst == nullptr)
         return false;
-    *lo = *reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t *>(inst + Offsets::OFF_INSTANCE_BLOCK_GUID);
-    *hi = *reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t *>(inst + Offsets::OFF_INSTANCE_BLOCK_GUID + 4);
+    *lo = Game::Read<uint32_t>(inst, Offsets::OFF_INSTANCE_BLOCK_GUID);
+    *hi = Game::Read<uint32_t>(inst, Offsets::OFF_INSTANCE_BLOCK_GUID + 4);
     return true;
 }
 
@@ -84,8 +84,8 @@ int __fastcall Script_C_Item_IsLocked(void *L) {
         Game::Lua::PushBool(L, false);
         return 1;
     }
-    const uint32_t flags = *reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t *>(
-        item + Offsets::OFF_ITEM_CLIENT_LOCK);
+    const uint32_t flags = Game::Read<uint32_t>(
+        item, Offsets::OFF_ITEM_CLIENT_LOCK);
     Game::Lua::PushBool(L, (flags & Offsets::ITEM_CLIENT_LOCK_BIT) != 0);
     return 1;
 }

src/item/StatAccum.cpp

@@ -155,14 +155,14 @@ void AddSpellStatAuras(Accum *acc, int spellID, long sign) {
                                     static_cast<uint32_t>(spellID));
     if (sp == nullptr)
         return;
-    auto aura = reinterpret_cast<const int32_t *>(
-        sp + Offsets::OFF_SPELL_RECORD_EFFECT_APPLY_AURA_NAME);
-    auto misc = reinterpret_cast<const int32_t *>(
-        sp + Offsets::OFF_SPELL_RECORD_EFFECT_MISC_VALUE);
-    auto base = reinterpret_cast<const int32_t *>(
-        sp + Offsets::OFF_SPELL_RECORD_EFFECT_BASE_POINTS);
-    auto dice = reinterpret_cast<const int32_t *>(
-        sp + Offsets::OFF_SPELL_RECORD_EFFECT_BASE_DICE);
+    auto aura = Game::Ptr<const int32_t>(
+        sp, Offsets::OFF_SPELL_RECORD_EFFECT_APPLY_AURA_NAME);
+    auto misc = Game::Ptr<const int32_t>(
+        sp, Offsets::OFF_SPELL_RECORD_EFFECT_MISC_VALUE);
+    auto base = Game::Ptr<const int32_t>(
+        sp, Offsets::OFF_SPELL_RECORD_EFFECT_BASE_POINTS);
+    auto dice = Game::Ptr<const int32_t>(
+        sp, Offsets::OFF_SPELL_RECORD_EFFECT_BASE_DICE);
 
     // Vanilla "+N Attack Power" spells carry a melee (99) AND a ranged
     // (124) aura with the same value; the generic melee key subsumes the
@@ -248,10 +248,10 @@ void AddSpellStatAuras(Accum *acc, int spellID, long sign) {
 // mp5 / defense on base items (vanilla stores them as equip spells, not
 // stat slots).
 void AddEquipSpellStats(Accum *acc, const uint8_t *record, long sign) {
-    auto ids = reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t *>(
-        record + Offsets::OFF_ITEMSTATS_SPELL_ID);
-    auto triggers = reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t *>(
-        record + Offsets::OFF_ITEMSTATS_SPELL_TRIGGER);
+    auto ids = Game::Ptr<const uint32_t>(
+        record, Offsets::OFF_ITEMSTATS_SPELL_ID);
+    auto triggers = Game::Ptr<const uint32_t>(
+        record, Offsets::OFF_ITEMSTATS_SPELL_TRIGGER);
     for (int i = 0; i < Offsets::ITEMSTATS_SPELL_SLOT_COUNT; ++i)
         if (ids[i] != 0 && triggers[i] == 1) // ON_EQUIP
             AddSpellStatAuras(acc, static_cast<int>(ids[i]), sign);
@@ -288,14 +288,14 @@ long Value(const Accum *acc, const char *key) {
 double ComputeDPS(const uint8_t *record) {
     if (record == nullptr)
         return 0.0;
-    const uint32_t delayMs = *reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t *>(
-        record + Offsets::OFF_ITEMSTATS_DELAY);
+    const uint32_t delayMs = Game::Read<uint32_t>(
+        record, Offsets::OFF_ITEMSTATS_DELAY);
     if (delayMs == 0)
         return 0.0;
-    auto *dmgMin = reinterpret_cast<const float *>(
-        record + Offsets::OFF_ITEMSTATS_DAMAGE_MIN);
-    auto *dmgMax = reinterpret_cast<const float *>(
-        record + Offsets::OFF_ITEMSTATS_DAMAGE_MAX);
+    auto *dmgMin = Game::Ptr<const float>(
+        record, Offsets::OFF_ITEMSTATS_DAMAGE_MIN);
+    auto *dmgMax = Game::Ptr<const float>(
+        record, Offsets::OFF_ITEMSTATS_DAMAGE_MAX);
     double avgTotal = 0.0;
     for (int i = 0; i < Offsets::ITEMSTATS_DAMAGE_SLOT_COUNT; ++i)
         avgTotal += (static_cast<double>(dmgMin[i]) +
@@ -312,9 +312,9 @@ void ApplyEnchant(Accum *acc, uint32_t enchantID, long sign) {
                                     Offsets::VAR_SPELLITEMENCHANT_COUNT, enchantID);
     if (en == nullptr)
         return;
-    auto type = reinterpret_cast<const int32_t *>(en + Offsets::OFF_SPELLITEMENCHANT_TYPE);
-    auto amount = reinterpret_cast<const int32_t *>(en + Offsets::OFF_SPELLITEMENCHANT_AMOUNT);
-    auto arg = reinterpret_cast<const int32_t *>(en + Offsets::OFF_SPELLITEMENCHANT_ARG);
+    auto type = Game::Ptr<const int32_t>(en, Offsets::OFF_SPELLITEMENCHANT_TYPE);
+    auto amount = Game::Ptr<const int32_t>(en, Offsets::OFF_SPELLITEMENCHANT_AMOUNT);
+    auto arg = Game::Ptr<const int32_t>(en, Offsets::OFF_SPELLITEMENCHANT_ARG);
     for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i) { // SpellItemEnchantment has 3 effect slots
         switch (type[i]) {
         case 3: // equip spell — stat/resist value lives in the spell
@@ -341,8 +341,8 @@ void ApplyRandomSuffix(Accum *acc, int suffixID, long sign) {
                                     static_cast<uint32_t>(suffixID));
     if (rp == nullptr)
         return;
-    auto enchants = reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t *>(
-        rp + Offsets::OFF_ITEMRANDOMPROP_ENCHANT);
+    auto enchants = Game::Ptr<const uint32_t>(
+        rp, Offsets::OFF_ITEMRANDOMPROP_ENCHANT);
     for (int s = 0; s < Offsets::ITEMRANDOMPROP_ENCHANT_SLOT_COUNT; ++s)
         ApplyEnchant(acc, enchants[s], sign);
 }
@@ -350,10 +350,10 @@ void ApplyRandomSuffix(Accum *acc, int suffixID, long sign) {
 void AccumulateRecord(Accum *acc, const uint8_t *record, long sign) {
     if (record == nullptr)
         return;
-    auto *types = reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t *>(
-        record + Offsets::OFF_ITEMSTATS_STAT_TYPE);
-    auto *values = reinterpret_cast<const int32_t *>(
-        record + Offsets::OFF_ITEMSTATS_STAT_VALUE);
+    auto *types = Game::Ptr<const uint32_t>(
+        record, Offsets::OFF_ITEMSTATS_STAT_TYPE);
+    auto *values = Game::Ptr<const int32_t>(
+        record, Offsets::OFF_ITEMSTATS_STAT_VALUE);
     for (int i = 0; i < Offsets::ITEMSTATS_STAT_SLOT_COUNT; ++i)
         AddByKey(acc, StatKeyForItemModType(types[i]),
                  sign * static_cast<long>(values[i]));

src/item/Swap.cpp

@@ -44,8 +44,8 @@ bool ReadGuid(const void *cgObject, uint32_t *lo, uint32_t *hi) {
     auto *inst = Item::InstanceBlock(base);
     if (inst == nullptr)
         return false;
-    *lo = *reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t *>(inst + Offsets::OFF_INSTANCE_BLOCK_GUID);
-    *hi = *reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t *>(inst + Offsets::OFF_INSTANCE_BLOCK_GUID + 4);
+    *lo = Game::Read<uint32_t>(inst, Offsets::OFF_INSTANCE_BLOCK_GUID);
+    *hi = Game::Read<uint32_t>(inst, Offsets::OFF_INSTANCE_BLOCK_GUID + 4);
     return true;
 }
 
@@ -259,8 +259,8 @@ bool MoveCount(void *L, int srcBag, int srcSlot, int dstBag, int dstSlot, int co
     // have to special-case "move everything".
     auto *srcDescriptor = Item::ObjectFields(srcItem);
     const int srcStack = srcDescriptor == nullptr ? 0 :
-        static_cast<int>(*reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t *>(
-            srcDescriptor + Offsets::OFF_DESCRIPTOR_STACK_COUNT));
+        static_cast<int>(Game::Read<uint32_t>(
+            srcDescriptor, Offsets::OFF_DESCRIPTOR_STACK_COUNT));
     if (count > srcStack)
         return false; // server would reject anyway; fail fast and locally
     if (count == srcStack)

src/item/Tooltip.cpp

@@ -241,16 +241,16 @@ static int __fastcall Script_GameTooltipGetItem(void *L) {
         Item::Data::WarmCache(static_cast<uint32_t>(itemID));
         return 0;
     }
-    const char *name = *reinterpret_cast<const char *const *>(
-        record + Offsets::OFF_ITEMSTATS_NAME);
+    const char *name = Game::Read<const char *>(
+        record, Offsets::OFF_ITEMSTATS_NAME);
     if (name == nullptr || *name == '\0')
         return 0;
-    const uint32_t quality = *reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t *>(
-        record + Offsets::OFF_ITEMSTATS_QUALITY);
+    const uint32_t quality = Game::Read<uint32_t>(
+        record, Offsets::OFF_ITEMSTATS_QUALITY);
 
     int suffix = 0;
-    if (*reinterpret_cast<const int *>(base + Offsets::OFF_TOOLTIP_COMPARE_FLAG) != 0)
-        suffix = *reinterpret_cast<const int *>(base + Offsets::OFF_TOOLTIP_COMPARE_SUFFIX);
+    if (Game::Read<int>(base, Offsets::OFF_TOOLTIP_COMPARE_FLAG) != 0)
+        suffix = Game::Read<int>(base, Offsets::OFF_TOOLTIP_COMPARE_SUFFIX);
 
     char link[256];
     std::snprintf(link, sizeof(link),

src/item/TooltipItem.cpp

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 
 #include "item/TooltipItem.h"
 
+#include "Game.h"
 #include "Offsets.h"
 #include "item/ID.h"
 #include "item/Location.h"
@@ -27,10 +28,10 @@ int CurrentID(const void *tooltipObj, uint64_t *outGuid) {
     auto *c = static_cast<const uint8_t *>(tooltipObj);
 
     const uint64_t itemGuid =
-        *reinterpret_cast<const uint64_t *>(c + Offsets::OFF_TOOLTIP_ITEM_GUID_LO);
+        Game::Read<uint64_t>(c, Offsets::OFF_TOOLTIP_ITEM_GUID_LO);
 
     // Link item: the itemID field is authoritative (and reliably cleared).
-    const int linkItemID = *reinterpret_cast<const int *>(c + Offsets::OFF_TOOLTIP_ITEM_ID);
+    const int linkItemID = Game::Read<int>(c, Offsets::OFF_TOOLTIP_ITEM_ID);
     if (linkItemID > 0) {
         if (outGuid != nullptr)
             *outGuid = itemGuid;
@@ -44,11 +45,11 @@ int CurrentID(const void *tooltipObj, uint64_t *outGuid) {
     // it to the itemID (this also yields the dressed link for callers).
     if (itemGuid == 0)
         return 0;
-    if (*reinterpret_cast<const uint64_t *>(c + Offsets::OFF_TOOLTIP_UNIT_GUID_LO) != 0)
+    if (Game::Read<uint64_t>(c, Offsets::OFF_TOOLTIP_UNIT_GUID_LO) != 0)
         return 0;
-    if (*reinterpret_cast<const uint64_t *>(c + Offsets::OFF_TOOLTIP_GAMEOBJECT_GUID_LO) != 0)
+    if (Game::Read<uint64_t>(c, Offsets::OFF_TOOLTIP_GAMEOBJECT_GUID_LO) != 0)
         return 0;
-    if (*reinterpret_cast<const int *>(c + Offsets::OFF_TOOLTIP_SPELL_ID) > 0)
+    if (Game::Read<int>(c, Offsets::OFF_TOOLTIP_SPELL_ID) > 0)
         return 0;
 
     const uint8_t *cg = Item::Location::ResolveByGUID(itemGuid);

src/item/scrape/InboxID.cpp

@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ static int __fastcall Script_GetInboxItemID(void *L) {
     if (mailID < 0)
         return 0;
 
-    const int count = static_cast<int>(*reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t *>(
+    const int count = static_cast<int>(Game::Read<uint32_t>(
         Offsets::VAR_INBOX_COUNT));
     if (mailID >= count)
         return 0;
@@ -39,15 +39,15 @@ static int __fastcall Script_GetInboxItemID(void *L) {
     // `VAR_INBOX_ENTRIES` is a pointer slot, not the array — the
     // engine reads it via `MOV ECX, [imm32]; MOV EDI, [ECX + idx*4]`
     // (two derefs total before the entry pointer is in hand).
-    auto **entries = *reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t ***>(Offsets::VAR_INBOX_ENTRIES);
+    auto **entries = Game::Read<const uint8_t **>(Offsets::VAR_INBOX_ENTRIES);
     if (entries == nullptr)
         return 0;
     auto *entry = entries[mailID];
     if (entry == nullptr)
         return 0;
 
-    const int itemID = static_cast<int>(*reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t *>(
-        entry + Offsets::OFF_INBOX_ENTRY_ITEM_ID));
+    const int itemID = static_cast<int>(Game::Read<uint32_t>(
+        entry, Offsets::OFF_INBOX_ENTRY_ITEM_ID));
     if (itemID == 0)
         return 0;
 

src/item/scrape/LootSlotID.cpp

@@ -38,13 +38,13 @@ static int __fastcall Script_GetLootSlotItemID(void *L) {
     }
     int slot = static_cast<int>(Game::Lua::ToNumber(L, 1));
 
-    const uint32_t guidLo = *reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t *>(Offsets::VAR_LOOT_GUID_LO);
-    const uint32_t guidHi = *reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t *>(Offsets::VAR_LOOT_GUID_HI);
+    const uint32_t guidLo = Game::Read<uint32_t>(Offsets::VAR_LOOT_GUID_LO);
+    const uint32_t guidHi = Game::Read<uint32_t>(Offsets::VAR_LOOT_GUID_HI);
     if ((guidLo | guidHi) == 0)
         return 0;
 
     slot -= 1;
-    if (*reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t *>(Offsets::VAR_LOOT_LOOTABLE) != 0) {
+    if (Game::Read<uint32_t>(Offsets::VAR_LOOT_LOOTABLE) != 0) {
         if (slot <= 0)
             return 0;
         slot -= 1;

src/item/scrape/MerchantID.cpp

@@ -30,20 +30,20 @@ static int __fastcall Script_GetMerchantItemID(void *L) {
     if (index < 0)
         return 0;
 
-    const uint32_t guidLo = *reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t *>(Offsets::VAR_MERCHANT_NPC_GUID_LO);
-    const uint32_t guidHi = *reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t *>(Offsets::VAR_MERCHANT_NPC_GUID_HI);
+    const uint32_t guidLo = Game::Read<uint32_t>(Offsets::VAR_MERCHANT_NPC_GUID_LO);
+    const uint32_t guidHi = Game::Read<uint32_t>(Offsets::VAR_MERCHANT_NPC_GUID_HI);
     if ((guidLo | guidHi) == 0)
         return 0;
 
-    const int count = static_cast<int>(*reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t *>(
+    const int count = static_cast<int>(Game::Read<uint32_t>(
         Offsets::VAR_MERCHANT_COUNT));
     if (index >= count)
         return 0;
 
     auto *entry = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(
         Offsets::VAR_MERCHANT_ITEMS + index * Offsets::MERCHANT_STRIDE);
-    const int itemID = static_cast<int>(*reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t *>(
-        entry + Offsets::OFF_MERCHANT_ITEM_ID));
+    const int itemID = static_cast<int>(Game::Read<uint32_t>(
+        entry, Offsets::OFF_MERCHANT_ITEM_ID));
     if (itemID == 0)
         return 0;
 

src/loot/History.cpp

@@ -92,13 +92,13 @@ const uint8_t *LookupPlayerRecord(uint64_t guid) {
 
 const char *NameFromRecord(const uint8_t *rec) {
     return rec != nullptr
-               ? reinterpret_cast<const char *>(rec + Offsets::OFF_PLAYER_INFO_NAME)
+               ? Game::Ptr<const char>(rec, Offsets::OFF_PLAYER_INFO_NAME)
                : nullptr;
 }
 
 uint32_t ClassIdFromRecord(const uint8_t *rec) {
     return rec != nullptr
-               ? *reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t *>(rec + Offsets::OFF_PLAYER_INFO_CLASS)
+               ? Game::Read<uint32_t>(rec, Offsets::OFF_PLAYER_INFO_CLASS)
                : 0;
 }
 
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ int RecordAllPassed(const void *msg) {
 // the same field offsets as the message. This is the only place the random
 // fields are populated, so the result recorders leave them alone.
 void RecordStart() {
-    const uint8_t *node = *reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *const *>(
+    const uint8_t *node = Game::Read<const uint8_t *>(
         static_cast<uintptr_t>(Offsets::VAR_LOOTROLL_STORE_HEAD));
     if (node == nullptr)
         return;

src/loot/Nearby.cpp

@@ -76,10 +76,9 @@ constexpr int VTBL_GET_POSITION_OFFSET = 0x14;
 // bit of *race* — yields false positives for any Human / Dwarf /
 // Undead / Gnome player and false negatives for dead mobs.
 bool IsLootable(const void *unit) {
-    auto *fields = *reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *const *>(
-        static_cast<const uint8_t *>(unit) + Offsets::OFF_UNIT_DESCRIPTOR);
-    const uint32_t flags = *reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t *>(
-        fields + Offsets::OFF_UNIT_FIELD_DYNAMIC_FLAGS);
+    auto *fields = Game::Read<const uint8_t *>(unit, Offsets::OFF_UNIT_DESCRIPTOR);
+    const uint32_t flags =
+        Game::Read<uint32_t>(fields, Offsets::OFF_UNIT_FIELD_DYNAMIC_FLAGS);
     return (flags & Offsets::UNIT_DYNFLAG_LOOTABLE) != 0;
 }
 
@@ -87,10 +86,8 @@ bool IsLootable(const void *unit) {
 // engine uses this as the contribution from both sides (player + target)
 // in its interact-range computation.
 float BoundingRadius(const void *unit) {
-    auto *fields = *reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *const *>(
-        static_cast<const uint8_t *>(unit) + Offsets::OFF_UNIT_DESCRIPTOR);
-    return *reinterpret_cast<const float *>(
-        fields + Offsets::OFF_UNIT_FIELD_BOUNDING_RADIUS);
+    auto *fields = Game::Read<const uint8_t *>(unit, Offsets::OFF_UNIT_DESCRIPTOR);
+    return Game::Read<float>(fields, Offsets::OFF_UNIT_FIELD_BOUNDING_RADIUS);
 }
 
 // Invokes the unit's virtual `GetPosition` (vtable slot at offset

src/loot/Scan.cpp

@@ -143,18 +143,15 @@ constexpr float MIN_INTERACT_RANGE = 5.0f;
 // === Range / lootability helpers (identical to Loot::Nearby) ===
 
 bool IsLootableUnit(const void *unit) {
-    auto *fields = *reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *const *>(
-        static_cast<const uint8_t *>(unit) + Offsets::OFF_UNIT_DESCRIPTOR);
-    const uint32_t flags = *reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t *>(
-        fields + Offsets::OFF_UNIT_FIELD_DYNAMIC_FLAGS);
+    auto *fields = Game::Read<const uint8_t *>(unit, Offsets::OFF_UNIT_DESCRIPTOR);
+    const uint32_t flags =
+        Game::Read<uint32_t>(fields, Offsets::OFF_UNIT_FIELD_DYNAMIC_FLAGS);
     return (flags & Offsets::UNIT_DYNFLAG_LOOTABLE) != 0;
 }
 
 float BoundingRadius(const void *unit) {
-    auto *fields = *reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *const *>(
-        static_cast<const uint8_t *>(unit) + Offsets::OFF_UNIT_DESCRIPTOR);
-    return *reinterpret_cast<const float *>(
-        fields + Offsets::OFF_UNIT_FIELD_BOUNDING_RADIUS);
+    auto *fields = Game::Read<const uint8_t *>(unit, Offsets::OFF_UNIT_DESCRIPTOR);
+    return Game::Read<float>(fields, Offsets::OFF_UNIT_FIELD_BOUNDING_RADIUS);
 }
 
 const C3Vector *GetPosition(const void *unit, C3Vector *outBuf) {
@@ -190,8 +187,7 @@ bool InInteractRange(const void *player, const void *target) {
 // `FUN_LOOT_CONTROLLER` run, so the slot table is fully filled in
 // and the link builder works against it.
 void ScrapeCurrentLoot(LootEntry *out) {
-    const uint32_t coinRaw = *reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t *>(
-        Offsets::VAR_LOOT_LOOTABLE);
+    const uint32_t coinRaw = Game::Read<uint32_t>(Offsets::VAR_LOOT_LOOTABLE);
     out->coin = (coinRaw == 0xFFFFFFFFu) ? 0u : coinRaw;
 
     const bool hasCoin = coinRaw != 0;
@@ -239,8 +235,7 @@ void ScrapeCurrentLoot(LootEntry *out) {
 void LootCurrentWindow() {
     // Coin present when `VAR_LOOT_LOOTABLE` holds a real amount (0 = none;
     // 0xFFFFFFFF = already-looted sentinel, never seen on a fresh open).
-    const uint32_t coinRaw = *reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t *>(
-        Offsets::VAR_LOOT_LOOTABLE);
+    const uint32_t coinRaw = Game::Read<uint32_t>(Offsets::VAR_LOOT_LOOTABLE);
     if (coinRaw != 0 && coinRaw != 0xFFFFFFFFu) {
         auto LootMoney = reinterpret_cast<LootMoney_t>(Offsets::FUN_CMSG_LOOT_MONEY);
         LootMoney(s_scan.player);

src/loot/UnitItem.cpp

@@ -57,8 +57,8 @@ uint32_t s_desiredItemID = 0;
 int s_ticksSinceTransition = 0;
 
 uint64_t ReadLootTargetGuid() {
-    const uint32_t lo = *reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t *>(Offsets::VAR_LOOT_GUID_LO);
-    const uint32_t hi = *reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t *>(Offsets::VAR_LOOT_GUID_HI);
+    const uint32_t lo = Game::Read<uint32_t>(Offsets::VAR_LOOT_GUID_LO);
+    const uint32_t hi = Game::Read<uint32_t>(Offsets::VAR_LOOT_GUID_HI);
     return static_cast<uint64_t>(hi) << 32 | lo;
 }
 

src/lossofcontrol/Info.cpp

@@ -61,14 +61,14 @@ using Time::Clock::NowMs;
 using Time::Clock::Reached;
 
 const char *SpellName(const uint8_t *rec) {
-    const int locale = *reinterpret_cast<int *>(Offsets::VAR_LOCALE_INDEX);
+    const int locale = Game::Read<int>(Offsets::VAR_LOCALE_INDEX);
     const char *n =
-        *reinterpret_cast<const char *const *>(rec + Offsets::OFF_SPELL_NAMES + locale * 4);
+        Game::Read<const char *>(rec, Offsets::OFF_SPELL_NAMES + locale * 4);
     return (n != nullptr) ? n : "";
 }
 
 const char *SpellIconPath(const uint8_t *rec) {
-    const int iconID = *reinterpret_cast<const int *>(rec + Offsets::OFF_SPELL_RECORD_ICON_ID);
+    const int iconID = Game::Read<int>(rec, Offsets::OFF_SPELL_RECORD_ICON_ID);
     const uint8_t *iconRec = DBC::Record(Offsets::VAR_SPELL_ICON_RECORDS,
                                          Offsets::VAR_SPELL_ICON_COUNT,
                                          static_cast<uint32_t>(iconID));
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ const char *SpellIconPath(const uint8_t *rec) {
 }
 
 int SpellSchoolIndex(const uint8_t *rec) {
-    return *reinterpret_cast<const int *>(rec + Offsets::OFF_SPELL_SCHOOL);
+    return Game::Read<int>(rec, Offsets::OFF_SPELL_SCHOOL);
 }
 
 // The control-loss classifier lives in `Spell::CrowdControl::Classify` so the
@@ -202,7 +202,8 @@ int BuildList(LocEntry *out, int maxOut) {
             e.endMs = 0;
             uint64_t caster = 0;
             uint32_t expMs = 0, durMs = 0;
-            if (Aura::Source::Get(playerGuid, spellID, &caster, &expMs, &durMs) &&
+            if (Aura::Source::Get(playerGuid, spellID, slot, &caster, &expMs,
+                                  &durMs) &&
                 expMs != 0) {
                 e.endMs = expMs;
                 if (durMs != 0)

src/luaenv/Fenv.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+// This file is part of ClassicAPI.
+//
+// ClassicAPI is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms
+// of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation, either
+// version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// ClassicAPI is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
+// WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
+// PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
+// ClassicAPI. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+// getfenv / setfenv `__environment` protection — Lua 5.1 backport.
+//
+// A sandbox hands restricted code an environment table E and puts a metatable
+// on it carrying `__environment = <safe value>`. From then on, code inside the
+// sandbox that calls `getfenv()` gets the safe value instead of E (so it can't
+// reach or mutate the real environment), and `setfenv` refuses to change E.
+//
+// 1.12's engine ALREADY implements this protection — its `getfenv`
+// (0x00702AC0) and `setfenv` (0x00702BF8) share one predicate (0x00702BA0)
+// that reads a marker off the environment and, when present, substitutes it
+// (getfenv) or errors "cannot change a protected environment" (setfenv). But
+// 1.12 reads a RAW `__fenv` field on the env TABLE, whereas Lua 5.1 (verified
+// against 3.3.5's `FUN_0084F2F0`) reads a RAW `__environment` field off the
+// env's METATABLE. Modern addons written for 5.1 use the metatable form.
+//
+// We co-hook the ONE shared predicate and REPLACE it (the original is never
+// called) so both getfenv and setfenv gain the 5.1 semantics at once. The
+// reimplementation preserves the predicate's exact stack contract — push the
+// function's environment, then push the marker value (or nil), net +2, and
+// return whether the marker is non-nil — which getfenv (`settop -2`) and
+// setfenv (`settop -3`, then error) both depend on.
+//
+// Order: metatable `__environment` (5.1) is checked first; the raw `__fenv`
+// field (1.12's original) is kept as a fallback, so anything still relying on
+// `__fenv` — e.g. compiled FrameXML we can't see on disk — keeps working. The
+// change is additive: nothing on disk sets either marker, so for every
+// existing addon the predicate returns nil and getfenv/setfenv behave exactly
+// as before. It only activates when code deliberately marks an environment.
+
+#include "Game.h"
+#include "Offsets.h"
+
+namespace LuaEnv {
+
+namespace {
+
+// Raw engine primitives not exposed via Game::Lua.
+using GetFenv_t = void(__fastcall *)(void *L, int idx);
+using GetMetatable_t = int(__fastcall *)(void *L, int idx);
+const auto GetFenv = reinterpret_cast<GetFenv_t>(Offsets::LUA_GET_FENV);
+const auto GetMetatable = reinterpret_cast<GetMetatable_t>(Offsets::LUA_GET_METATABLE);
+
+// Replacement for the shared getfenv/setfenv protection predicate
+// (FUN_LUA_ENV_PROTECT_PREDICATE). Contract mirrored exactly from the engine
+// original: the function whose environment to test is at stack top (-1); on
+// return the stack has grown by 2 (env, marker) and eax is non-zero iff the
+// environment is protected.
+int __fastcall EnvProtectPredicate_h(void *L) {
+    GetFenv(L, -1); // push the function's environment -> [.., env]
+
+    bool found = false;
+    if (GetMetatable(L, -1) != 0) { // -> [.., env, metatable]
+        Game::Lua::PushLString(L, "__environment", 13);
+        Game::Lua::RawGet(L, -2); // raw metatable["__environment"] -> [.., env, mt, marker]
+        if (Game::Lua::Type(L, -1) != Game::Lua::TYPE_NIL) {
+            Game::Lua::Remove(L, -2); // drop the metatable -> [.., env, marker]
+            found = true;
+        } else {
+            Game::Lua::SetTop(L, -3); // drop the nil + metatable -> [.., env]
+        }
+    }
+    if (!found) {
+        // Fallback: 1.12's original raw `__fenv` field on the env table.
+        Game::Lua::PushLString(L, "__fenv", 6);
+        Game::Lua::RawGet(L, -2); // raw env["__fenv"] -> [.., env, marker|nil]
+    }
+    return Game::Lua::Type(L, -1) != Game::Lua::TYPE_NIL;
+}
+
+// Full replacement — the original predicate is never invoked (nullptr trampoline).
+const Game::HookAutoRegister _hook{Offsets::FUN_LUA_ENV_PROTECT_PREDICATE,
+                                   reinterpret_cast<void *>(&EnvProtectPredicate_h),
+                                   nullptr};
+
+} // namespace
+
+} // namespace LuaEnv

src/luasyntax/AddonNamespace.h

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+// This file is part of ClassicAPI.
+//
+// ClassicAPI is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms
+// of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation, either
+// version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// ClassicAPI is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
+// WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
+// PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
+// ClassicAPI. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+#pragma once
+
+namespace LuaSyntax {
+
+// Pushes the per-addon shared namespace table for `name` onto the Lua stack,
+// creating it on first use. The same table object is returned on every call
+// for a given name, so the internal addon-args preamble (which hands a file
+// its `(addonName, addonTable)` varargs) and the public gated accessor
+// `C_AddOns.GetAddOnLocalTable` share one table per addon. Backed by a map in
+// the Lua registry, hidden from addons. Net stack effect: +1. `name` must be
+// non-null.
+//
+// This is the ONE place the namespace map is read/created — do not duplicate
+// the registry-key or map access elsewhere, or the two paths would hand out
+// different tables for the same addon.
+void PushAddonNamespace(void *L, const char *name);
+
+} // namespace LuaSyntax

src/luasyntax/StringMethods.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,205 @@
+// This file is part of ClassicAPI.
+//
+// ClassicAPI is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms
+// of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation, either
+// version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// ClassicAPI is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
+// WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
+// PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
+// ClassicAPI. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+// Lua 5.1 string methods (`("asd"):upper()`, `s:format(...)`) on the 5.0 VM.
+//
+// Lua 5.0 has no string methods AT ALL — the shared string metatable with
+// `__index = string` is a 5.1 addition (`createmetatable` in 5.1's
+// lstrlib.c). Nothing was stripped from this build: both halves of the
+// would-be mechanism match stock 5.0 source exactly —
+//   * `lua_setmetatable` (0x006F4020) accepts only tables/userdata, so no
+//     API call can attach a metatable to the string TYPE; and
+//   * `luaT_gettmbyobj` (0x006F7BD0) hardcodes `&nilobject` for anything
+//     that isn't a table or userdata, so the VM would never read one.
+// So this is the runtime half of the 5.1 backport (the syntax half is
+// Transpile.cpp): we transplant 5.1's mechanism at the read side.
+//
+// Mechanism: co-hook FUN_LUA_INDEX_NONTABLE (0x006F7EE0) — luaV_gettable's
+// non-table continuation, the ONE choke every string index reaches (3 call
+// sites: luaV_gettable's else-branch + luaV_execute's OP_GETTABLE/OP_SELF
+// fallbacks; see Offsets.h). When the indexed object is a string, answer
+// with `luaV_gettable(L, <string library table>, key, loop)` — byte-for-byte
+// what the original's own TM-table branch would do had gettmbyobj returned
+// that table (it passes `loop` through unchanged too, 0x006F7F23). The
+// engine's unmodified lookup then does everything, including exact 5.1 miss
+// semantics: `("x").nonexistent` → plain table miss → nil, not an error
+// (verified: FUN_006F7D60 returns &nilobject when the table has no
+// metatable). Non-strings fall through to the original — userdata __index,
+// and the stock "attempt to index" error for everything else. `settable`
+// on a string is a different continuation (FUN_006F7F40), untouched: still
+// an error, which is also 5.1's behavior.
+//
+// Hotness: cold. Table `__index` dispatch (all frame/OO method traffic)
+// reads the table's OWN metatable via FUN_006F7D60/fasttm and never lands
+// here; today's only callers are about-to-error non-table indexes. No other
+// Octo DLL hooks the Lua VM internals.
+//
+// State/GC lifecycle: one slot per Lua state (in-game + glue), keyed by the
+// state's global_State (`*(L+0x10)`) so coroutine threads — which share G
+// with their parent — resolve too. Each capture anchors the string table in
+// that state's registry, so the hook can never serve a GC-collected table:
+// even if an addon nils/replaces `_G.string`, resolution keeps the snapshot
+// (5.1 parity — its metatable pins the open-time table the same way).
+// Captures re-run per /reload (ModuleAutoRegister) and per glue boot
+// (GlueModuleAutoRegister), overwriting the anchor so the previous table is
+// released. Slots are cleared BEFORE their state can die, so a capture can
+// never outlive the table it points at: PrepareForReload (called from
+// FrameScript_Initialize_h, which fires on /reload AND /logout before the
+// world Lua state is reset) clears the game slot, and the in-game
+// registration clears the glue slot (once world scripts are loading, the
+// glue state is gone; the next glue boot re-captures before any glue Lua
+// runs). A cleared slot fails closed — strings error on index exactly as
+// stock 1.12 until the re-capture.
+//
+// Kill switch: `_classicapi_SetStringMethods(false)` (registered on both
+// states) makes the hook forward everything to the original resolver —
+// exact stock behavior — for "is this backport breaking this addon?"
+// diagnosis, mirroring `_classicapi_SetTranspileOption`.
+
+#include "StringMethods.h"
+
+#include "Game.h"
+#include "Offsets.h"
+
+#include <cstdint>
+
+namespace LuaSyntax::StringMethods {
+
+namespace {
+
+// `global_State *` slot in lua_State — the per-universe object shared by
+// every coroutine thread of a state. Verified: luaT_gettmbyobj reads the
+// tmname array at `*(L+0x10) + 0x80`, lua_setmetatable resolves the
+// REGISTRY pseudo-index via `*(L+0x10) + 0x30`. Single-consumer offset,
+// local per the Offsets.h rule.
+constexpr uintptr_t OFF_L_GLOBALSTATE = 0x10;
+
+// This build's TValue is 16 bytes with `tt` FIRST: {tt @ +0, value @ +8} —
+// NOT stock 5.0's {value, tt} order. Verified from lua_setmetatable
+// (tag = `*tv`, GC pointer = `tv[2]`, Table->metatable at hvalue+0x08 /
+// fast-TM flags byte at hvalue+0x06) and the push helpers' 0x10 stride.
+struct TValueMirror {
+    int tt = 0;
+    int pad0 = 0;
+    const void *value = nullptr; // Table* when tt == TYPE_TABLE
+    int pad1 = 0;
+};
+static_assert(sizeof(TValueMirror) == 16, "TValue is 16 bytes in this build");
+
+// Captured `string` library table for one Lua state. `G` doubles as the
+// valid flag — nullptr means "no capture, pass everything through".
+struct StateSlot {
+    const void *G = nullptr;
+    TValueMirror tv{};
+};
+StateSlot g_gameSlot;
+StateSlot g_glueSlot;
+
+// Runtime kill switch — `_classicapi_SetStringMethods(false)` reverts to
+// exact stock behavior (the hook forwards everything). Process-wide; both
+// states share it.
+bool g_enabled = true;
+
+// Registry key anchoring the captured table against GC (rawset — the
+// registry has no metatable). One key per state's registry; re-capture
+// overwrites it, releasing the previously anchored table.
+constexpr const char *kAnchorKey = "__classicapi_string_lib";
+
+// FUN_LUA_INDEX_NONTABLE / FUN_LUA_V_GETTABLE shared convention:
+// __fastcall(L /*ecx*/, tv /*edx*/, key /*stack*/, loop /*stack*/), RET 8,
+// result TValue* in eax (see Offsets.h for the disassembly evidence).
+using IndexResolve_t = void *(__fastcall *)(void *L, const void *tv, void *key, int loop);
+IndexResolve_t g_indexNonTableOriginal = nullptr;
+
+void *__fastcall IndexNonTable_h(void *L, const void *obj, void *key, int loop) {
+    // 5.1 backport: a string's `__index` is the `string` library table.
+    if (g_enabled && obj != nullptr &&
+        *static_cast<const int *>(obj) == Game::Lua::TYPE_STRING) {
+        const void *G = Game::Read<const void *>(L, OFF_L_GLOBALSTATE);
+        const StateSlot *slot = nullptr;
+        if (g_gameSlot.G == G)
+            slot = &g_gameSlot;
+        else if (g_glueSlot.G == G)
+            slot = &g_glueSlot;
+        if (slot != nullptr && slot->tv.value != nullptr)
+            return reinterpret_cast<IndexResolve_t>(Offsets::FUN_LUA_V_GETTABLE)(
+                L, &slot->tv, key, loop);
+    }
+    return g_indexNonTableOriginal(L, obj, key, loop);
+}
+
+const Game::HookAutoRegister _hook{Offsets::FUN_LUA_INDEX_NONTABLE,
+                                   reinterpret_cast<void *>(&IndexNonTable_h),
+                                   reinterpret_cast<void **>(&g_indexNonTableOriginal)};
+
+// Captures `_G.string` for the CURRENT state (whatever VAR_LUA_STATE points
+// at — the registration callbacks below run inside the right window for
+// each) into `slot`, anchoring it in that state's registry.
+void CaptureFor(StateSlot &slot) {
+    slot.G = nullptr;
+    slot.tv.value = nullptr;
+    void *L = Game::Lua::State();
+    if (L == nullptr)
+        return;
+    Game::Lua::PushString(L, "string");
+    Game::Lua::GetTable(L, Game::Lua::GLOBALS_INDEX); // [stringlib?]
+    if (Game::Lua::Type(L, -1) == Game::Lua::TYPE_TABLE) {
+        Game::Lua::PushString(L, kAnchorKey);            // [tbl, key]
+        Game::Lua::PushValue(L, -2);                     // [tbl, key, tbl]
+        Game::Lua::RawSet(L, Game::Lua::REGISTRY_INDEX); // registry[key]=tbl. [tbl]
+        slot.tv.tt = Game::Lua::TYPE_TABLE;
+        slot.tv.value = Game::Lua::ToPointer(L, -1); // hvalue (Table*)
+        slot.G = Game::Read<const void *>(L, OFF_L_GLOBALSTATE);
+    }
+    Game::Lua::SetTop(L, -2); // pop
+}
+
+// `_classicapi_SetStringMethods(enabled)` — diagnostic kill switch. While
+// false, string index falls through to the original resolver and errors as
+// stock 1.12. Use only to answer "is this backport breaking this addon?".
+int __fastcall Script_SetStringMethods(void *L) {
+    g_enabled = Game::Lua::ToBoolean(L, 1) != 0;
+    return 0;
+}
+
+void RegisterLuaFunctions() {
+    // World scripts are loading ⇒ the glue state is gone (destroyed on the
+    // glue→world handoff). Clear its slot so a future glue global_State
+    // that lands at the same address can never match this stale capture.
+    g_glueSlot.G = nullptr;
+    g_glueSlot.tv.value = nullptr;
+    CaptureFor(g_gameSlot);
+    Game::Lua::RegisterGlobalFunction("_classicapi_SetStringMethods",
+                                      &Script_SetStringMethods);
+}
+void RegisterGlueFunctions() {
+    CaptureFor(g_glueSlot);
+    Game::Lua::RegisterGlueFunction("_classicapi_SetStringMethods",
+                                    &Script_SetStringMethods);
+}
+
+const Game::ModuleAutoRegister _autoreg{&RegisterLuaFunctions};
+const Game::GlueModuleAutoRegister _glueAutoreg{&RegisterGlueFunctions};
+
+} // namespace
+
+void PrepareForReload() {
+    // The world Lua state is about to be reset (/reload) or destroyed
+    // (/logout); its string table may not survive. Fail closed until the
+    // next LoadScriptFunctions re-capture — a cleared slot means strings
+    // error on index exactly as stock, and nothing can read a freed table.
+    g_gameSlot.G = nullptr;
+    g_gameSlot.tv.value = nullptr;
+}
+
+} // namespace LuaSyntax::StringMethods

src/luasyntax/StringMethods.h

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+// This file is part of ClassicAPI.
+//
+// ClassicAPI is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms
+// of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation, either
+// version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// ClassicAPI is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
+// WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
+// PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
+// ClassicAPI. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+#pragma once
+
+namespace LuaSyntax::StringMethods {
+
+// Forget the in-game state's captured `string` table. Called from
+// FrameScript_Initialize_h BEFORE the engine resets (/reload) or destroys
+// (/logout) the world Lua state, so the capture can never outlive the table
+// it points at. Fails closed: until the ModuleAutoRegister re-capture at the
+// next LoadScriptFunctions, strings error on index exactly as stock 1.12.
+void PrepareForReload();
+
+} // namespace LuaSyntax::StringMethods